...Art theory 1 & History of Art and Design 1 Introduction to African Art Africa is a vast continent, with many cultures distinct from one another, so that various different styles can be identified. Sculpture While paintings and engravings are most frequently found in savanna areas, sculpture is most prevalent in the forests of West Africa, in particular the Congo Basin. Tradition is one manner in which a culture may be preserved. This is visible in a great deal of traditional African art. The preservation of one’s specific culture is a strong motivating force behind the production of African sculptures that are described as “tribal”. Because the art is meant to communicate the identity of a specific society, to promote the strength and longevity, such sculptures do not change their style very frequently. Therefore, artists work within a certain canon. This canon is determined by tradition, providing the artist with guidelines for the creation. It would, for example determine the proportions of the figure, its posture, etc. Such traditional sculptures therefore have developed a certain language: the viewer knows that certain parts mean certain things – e.g. lines on the face (scarification marks or tattoos) and the stylized hairstyle that specific society, etc. This specific language has been created over the decades, and allows the artist to communicate coherently. This coherent communication is vital, as art is intended primarily to fulfill a social function. It becomes a...
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...1 Photographer Career Category Artistic | Career Path Option 2 Art Director Career CategoryArtistic | Job description (including daily responsibilities) | Hours vary greatly depending on the position. Most have to do some traveling, and some may travel a great deal. Some may find themselves in life-threatening situations, such as traveling in war-torn areas. | The work can be stressful. Work in art and design studios, located in office buildings or homes. Some work a standard 40-hour week; others work longer hours. | Requirements for path (school, military, training, age, location, skills, etc.) | High School. 2 year college or technical training. 4 year college or university. | 4 year college or university. | Salary/benefits information | 17K-80K | 44K-163K | Opportunities for advancement | Picture editor positions. Some photographers teach at technical schools, film schools, or universities. | Film maker. TV shows. Stage shows. Computer skills. Able to think visually. Creative. | Costs of this path (what you do not like or would miss out on by choosing this path) | Traveling far away from your family. Editing photos for hours. Several hours in a dark room in case of working with old cameras and negatives. | Filming movies or TV shows for hours. Working always in a studio working with a lot of people. | Benefits of this path (what you like or would gain by choosing this career path) | Work for newspapers, magazines, ad agencies, photographic studios, wedding...
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...paintings to represent and respond to many ideas throughout history. Passionate, dramatic and complex paintings, such as “The Colossus” by Francisco Goya of the Romanticism movement characterized the early nineteenth century. A struggling political and social time in the Romanticism movement sparked a need in artists to document the ordinary world instead of grandiose and dramatic scenes, and the Realism movement began. This movement developed and popularized these depictions of scenes from the ordinary world without any flourish, as seen by Honoré Daumier with “The Third-Class Carriage”. Realism originated as a reaction to the social and political characteristics of the Romanticism movement, as seen in various literary works, impacted the art world greatly. The late eighteenth century began the Romanticism movement, which prevailed as the dominate artistic movement through the nineteenth century. It directly revolted against the Enlightenment period, by “challenging the excessive rationalism” and “stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience” and came about as a result of the effects of the French Revolution. Prior to the revolution, there was little or no creative expression and freedom of speech in Monarchy controlled areas (newworldencyclopedia.org). After the revolution, which included the collapse of such Monarch rulers, a new, dramatic sentiment emerged: Artist's were freed from oppressive restrictions and were now able to express their emotions. Romanticism...
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...Raphael’s Process for Painting ARTS/230 August 6, 2014 Raphael’s Process for Painting Italian painter Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520), or "Raphael", was a painter that lived during the High Renaissance period and was greatly influenced by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael are considered one of the three great painters of their time. Although you may know Raphael by the beautiful paintings he produced, he particularly gave great importance to his drawings. It did not matter to Raphael whether it was for preparing the work for future canvases or other works of art. Raphael is famous for the perfect elegance and three-dimensional space in his paintings. He planned his art work out by drawing them first before he started painting. During the early years, Raphael used pen and ink to draw out his artwork. Using pen and ink was based on the influence by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo which both used pen and ink. Sometime during his early drawings he switched to black chalk. In his later works, he started using red chalk. He found that it can be sharpened to a hard point and handled like a stylus. Paintings during Raphael's time are quite different than today's paintings. Raphael used what was called Quattrocento painting, which was Italian and referred to the late Middle Ages or early Renaissance. Raphael had to combine standard mixtures to create colors for landscape, such as blues for skies and greens for vegetation...
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...Death is a natural part of life, thus it is inevitable that every living creature’s time will eventually come to an end. Comparable to most obstacles we encounter in life, there is not a uniform way to deal with death; therefore, everyone copes with it in differently. Death is not a positive topic; nevertheless, it is a topic that has influenced the work of many authors, artists, and musicians from every era. In my opinion, here is the most memorable author, artist, and musician that’s work has been greatly influenced by the topic of death. Shirley Jackson is an American author that is responsible for writing one of the most well known fictional short stories concerning death, entitled “The Lottery”. The title may be deceiving and seem innocent; however, it is an oxymoron. Instead of the lottery winner joyfully prospering in some way; it actually refers to the selection of a victim for a ritual sacrifice. The story is very dark, as it introduces horror into a peaceful community. It became a very controversial among readers and was even banned by South Africa. Shirley replied to the banning of “The Lottery” by saying that is a sign that they, at least, understood the story. During another interview Jackson jokingly described herself as a practicing witch. Regardless of what motivated her to write, writing was always her passion. At the age of twelve she won her first poetry prize, and throughout high she kept diary where she frequently wrote. She attended Rochester University...
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...ART 1010 Three Examples of Native American Art Art is defined differently by each person, and I tend to lean towards a personal definition as well. It is a play on the words of Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart when he was referring to obscenity. “I know it when I see it.” This allows me to recognize what I consider art, and it also gives me the ability to decide what types of art speak to me. Native American art has always been close to my heart because of my personal ancestry, and I hope to pique the reader’s interest in some of the fine examples of this art that are readily accessible today (1964). Native North American tribes, in large part were nomadic and struggled for their everyday existence. Most native art is considered craft work because they were meant to be utilized as practical tools. Some examples include, woven blankets and rugs, pottery, and baskets. Other pieces of their art fall within a few other categories, and include jewelry, beadwork, and headdresses. The architecture of these tribes may not be considered artistic by some standards, but I feel that there is a certain rustic beauty to it. Each of the pieces I will discuss fall easily within these categories. Design is an important element to any piece of art, and it is especially important for craft pieces that are intended for use. The design must meet certain standards to be useful. For example, a blanket needs to not only keep a person warm, but it must be somewhat light and...
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...Running Head: ART AND CULTURE THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES AND BEYOND Art and Culture through the Middle Ages and Beyond IWT1 Abstract In this essay I compare the art of Middle Ages period to the art of the Pop Art period. I begin by explaining each period and the social and cultural factors contributing to art during the era. I then give examples of musical works from each time, a liturgical piece from Guillaume de Machaut, and a rock and roll song from Pop Art icon Elvis Presley. A summary includes a compare and contrast of the styles in whole and of the specific pieces, noting the impact of rock and roll on modern day music and society. Art and Culture through the Middle Ages and Beyond The subject of art throughout history is one that is widely debated and highly subject to interpretation. One thing that isn’t debatable is that cultural influences from centuries ago are as relevant as ever, from theming box office movies to manipulating the way we see the world around us. Of course, art forms are available in a wide variety, but I find music to be perhaps the most influential. To further elaborate, I will give an explanation of two separate periods of music through history in the following essay. The Middle Ages The Middle Ages, also referred to as the Medieval period, was a time when science and technology were being pursued perhaps more than ever, yet humanism wasn’t quite in the lead. “We are inclined today to romanticize the Middle Ages as a time when things...
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...ART - 111 - Z90 Professor Isaac Talley Title : Compare and Contrast Final ART Essay Word Count : 1,095 Two phenomenal artists, two totally different styles, and two magnificent paintings. In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the great Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh as well as their beautiful and famous paintings, "Guernica" and "Starry Night". Guernica, was painted by the famous and well-known Spanish Artist, Pablo Picasso. During the Spanish Civil War, the nationalist general Francisco Franco, who would later become the country's ruler, allowed German and Italian planes to test their bombing tactics on Guernica and learn about the psychological effects of air warfare. More than 1,000 civilians were killed in three hours of the bombing. News of the attack quickly spread to Paris, where Picasso read stories and saw photographs of the devastation" (Dewitte, Larmann, and Shields, 545)3. So the back story and reason to why this piece of art was painted was a reaction to the aerial bombing in Guernica, Spain by Italian and German troops during the Spanish Civil War in 1937, Picasso was asked to paint a recreation about the bombing on a greatly sized mural to show off at the 1937 World's Fair in Paris, France. This painting shows the hardships that come along with war as well as the devastating destruction that it causes a lot of innocent people. Guernica is a large oil painting (25.6 feet wide) that is white, black, and grey...giving it a dark vibe of destruction...
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...Your Title Your name Institution Date (optional). GUILT is an emotion one gets when he/she believes or discovers that he/she did a wrong deed and valuated his/her standard social, moral or penal code ( Chaplin, 1975). The intensity of guilt varies from one person to another. When some individuals survive a horrific event, they get this overwhelming feeling of guilt and blame themselves for surviving the abominable situation that others did not survive. This state of mind is a mental condition and is sometimes termed as imagined guilt. It may be found in survivors of holocausts, natural disasters, mass murder and pandemics e.g. the 9/11 Oklahoma City bombings. While this guilt might not be experienced by everyone, it a research based phenomenon and has been proved to be real. The expression and amount of guilt varies from individual to individual. This condition was grouped as a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, 2000). The survivors may or may not be consciously aware that they are feeling guilty. The holocaust was the carnage that took place where the Nazi, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, killed over six million Jews. Most of the Jews who survived suffered post-traumatic stress disorders. Symptoms include reverent memories of the traumatic event that took place, flashbacks of the event, physical and emotional stress due to something that is a reminder of the event and horrific dreams about the event. When...
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...Art activism is the practice of vigorous action as a means of creating political or personal goals by use of art. The type of activists practicing now varies greatly, from street artists to conceptual sculptors. Regardless of the medium, everyone has a common purpose for his or her work—attempting to create awareness and change. Embracing the creative nature of humans, artists send messages using visual content; forcing viewers to not only look but also feel the passion within them. The movement of advocacy is considered a phenomenon throughout the 21st century—demonstrating that your voice can be heard around the world if you shout loud enough. Conditional to the period in history, the description for art activism has been constantly evolving. Art activists first gained attention in the early 20’s when World War I began. Notable painters and sculptors from around the world came together to protest against the bourgeois ideologies they believed led to war. Referred to now as the Dadaist Movement, artists organized public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art and literary journals to protest the 'reason' and 'logic' of their conservative capitalist society. Marcel Duchamp—a popular multi-media artist, initiated one of the more infamous stories of his time when he submitted a store bought urinal, Fountain, to a annual high-society exhibition for the Society of Independent Artists. Because all artists were commissioned by the society, there was no jury for the...
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...main misassumptions about college are: one, people can no longer afford to get a liberal arts degree, two, college graduates are finding it hard to get a good job with a liberal arts degree, three, people assume that their child’s health insurance is covered by the school, four, people think it’s pointless to go to get a college education because they think that they won’t find a job with a degree, and the last misassumption about college is, if their child gets sick, they will refund their tuition and other fees. First Misassumption The first misassumption is that people can longer afford getting a two year degree. People think it costs too much money to go to a community college. A community college is just a two year school that helps students get a good start at college. People think that even a community college costs too much to attend. With all the tuition fees, community colleges are still a lot cheaper than attending a four year college. Some stats are that tuition expenses can vary greatly, depending on the type of two-year institution you hope to attend. In 2009, the average tuition at a public two-year college was $2,156. Average tuition at a private not-for-profit two-year college was $12,725, while tuition at a private for-profit two-year college was $13,858. While public four year schools, the total costs of attendance at public four-year colleges will vary based on the student's living situation. Students living on campus pay $20,114 in total costs...
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...Symbols in Surrealism and Pop Art Is painting Jesus or the Virgin Mary the same as painting Shirley Temple or a Campbell’s soup can? Is using these symbols in art exploiting them? What if an artist replicated a can of soup over and over again in the same piece of art, is that exploitation? Artists use symbols in their art to explain the meaning of their creations. How the artist portrays these symbols makes the difference between art forms. Often, artists make these symbols and icons easily recognizable so that anyone viewing their art can easily understand the meaning. A painting of Jesus offers an important religious symbol just as a painting of Marilyn Monroe represents the popular culture of the 1950’s. Surrealism is an art form that uses these symbols and icons to convey meaning. In the early 1920’s, Andre Breton used the term Surrealism to describe the artistic and literary practices which consisted of Dada and Freud’s theories. Dada was an art form designed to be purposely misunderstood and confusing, and Dadaist made fun of that art and the world around them (Wilder, 2007). According to Wilder (2007), Marcel Duchamp’s ready-made art, which was literally just as it sounds, offers an excellent example of Dada’s theory. Marcel turned everyday objects into art; creating a piece that he called “Fountain” from a urinal. Around the time that Surrealism was born, Sigmund Freud’s theory of the subconscious mind surfaced. Freud believed that a link existed...
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...Olivia Perkins Museum Project 12/8/15 Art Appreciation 1301 – Egan SECTION 1: ELEMENTS OF ART & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN 1. Line: Morris Louis, Rigel, Acrylic resin (magna) on canvas 2. Mass: Lynda Benglis, For Carl Andre, acrylic foam 3. Rhythm: Philip Guston, Wharf, oil on canvas 4. Value: Pablo Picasso, Femme Couchee Lisant, oil on canvas 5. Texture: Stephan Balkenhol, Four Figures, painted wood 6. Perspective: Martin Puryear, Ladder for Booker T. Washington, wood (ash and maple) 7. Nature: Thomas Struth, Paradise Nine, chromogenic print 8. Text: Jenny Holzer, Kind of Blue, LED lights with blue diodes 9. Portrait: Francis Bacon, Self Portrait, oil on canvas 10. Animal: Ben Shahn, Allegory, tempera on panel 11. Abstraction: Joan Mitchell, Untitled,...
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...THE CATHEDRAL VIDYA SCHOOL LONAVALA TOPIC NUMBER: 4 To what extent do we need evidences to support our beliefs in different areas of knowledge? Candidate Name: Gandhi, shelly Candidate Session Number: 004669-015 Session: May 2011 Word count: 1548 Shelly Gandhi 2 "It is not what the man of science believes that distinguishes him, but how and why he believes it. His beliefs are tentative, not dogmatic; they are based on evidence, not on authority or intuition."1 As truly said by Bertrand Russell, it is considerable to call evidence as one of the basis for a belief. At first sight, evidence seems to be core of many beliefs as most of our practical life is based upon it. However, on a deeper look, the phrase “To what extent” suggests that there may be a limit to the dependence of beliefs on evidences. Indeed, there are several thought provoking questions to this statement- are beliefs always based on evidence? Is there something called perception, inner voice, gut feel or sixth sense (I will call this „intuition‟)? Nevertheless, the answers to these questions lie in nature of the subject and to explain the same, I first need to describe meaning of evidence and belief. In general, Evidence is defined as a piece of information that forms ground for any theory, belief or conclusion. On the other hand, beliefs are defined as certain set of values or perceptions of a person. By definition itself, it is clear that Evidence is also the base (ground) for belief but experience...
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...Tuesday/Thursday 10:30-11:45 Compare and Contrast The two pieces of art I've chosen to compare, contrast, and analyze are Woman at the Height of her Beauty, by Kitagawa Utamaro and Mother and Child, by Mary Cassatt. Both pieces are reflective of different societies of the time period in which they were created, and both pieces have a background and deeper meaning that goes beyond what meets the viewers eye. However, the aesthetic appeal varies greatly between the two pieces, as do the ideas they correspond to. Woman at the Height of her Beauty, which was made out of color woodblock print, depicts an Asian woman. The artist used linear movements and minimal decoration to create the woman's form, and in doing so created a simplified yet elegant depiction. Though she is portrayed simply and plainly, her hair pieces and clothing are more elaborate, which draws the viewer's eye to her clothes and accessories rather than the woman. This technique of using vague individual features allows the artist to portray women as a group, rather than an individual woman. The woman's facial expression and the position of her body, namely her hands, which she appears to be stretching, give the impression that she is preparing to do tedious and important tasks. If one were to compare these aspects with the title of the piece, one could come to the conclusion that the artist sees women who work hard and are the most successful to be of the most beauty. This reflects the societal views of Japan...
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