...Acknowledgment The completion of any project brings with it a sense of satisfaction, but it is never complete without thanking those people who made it possible and whose constant support has crowned our efforts with success. One cannot even imagine the power of the force that guides us all and neither can we succeed without acknowledging it. I would also like to express gratitude to our guide Mr. Jenish Jariwala, Dept. of Electronics and Communication for encouraging and inspiring us to carry out the project in the department lab. I would also like to thank Mrs. Hiral Patel, Head of Electronics and Communication for expert guidance, encouragement and valuable suggestions at every step. We also would like to thank all the staff members of E&C dept. for providing us with the required facilities and support towards the completion of the project. We are extremely happy to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to our parents for their constant support and encouragement and last but not the least friends and well-wishers for their help and cooperation and solutions to problems during the course of the project. Prepared By: Kothiya Jaydeep A. Bhamani Karim M. Patel Animesh H. Merchant Sarthi J. Abstract Now a day there is a huge rush in the toll plazas in order to pay the toll tax. Therefore in order to reduce the traffic jam and to save time & also to reduce the money loss of 300 cores / year. We have designed project for the automation in toll tax payment using...
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...| | |Real World Traffic Monitoring | |An Application of Secure RFID Network Tracking | |William Faisal | | | |12/4/2012 | | | CHAPTER 1 3 CHAPTER 2 7 CHAPTER 3 9 CHAPTER 1 Radio Frequency Identification, or RFID, is a rising technology in today’s electronic world. The usefulness of RFID is becoming more apparent as humans move to become detached from the world of wired electronics. One of the latest trends in “wireless” technologies is the use of Global Positioning Systems, or GPS, in automobiles. Systems like these allow the driver to easily navigate...
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...Opportunities and Challenges of Networking Technologies in Smart Grid Abstract— To make the existing power grid more responsive and intelligent, to incarporate fast emerging DERs, design a real-time pricing strategy and enable the customer to participate in the load reduction program effective communication technology is a primary need. This paper explore the communication opportunities in the HAN—one of the key components of SmartGrid. Keywords: HAN(Home Area Network), DER(Distributed Energy Resources), WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) I INTRODUCTION SmartGrid[1] will integrate the sensor technology, communication technology, alternate energy resources with electric power system, to enable the existing electric network with the abilities of self-healing, interaction, compatibility, integration.[4, 5].Conventional power systems areexperiencing transition from centralized supply side management to decentralized supply&demand side management due to power system restructuring and addition of distributed generations (DGs) with renewable power sources in the past two decades. Therefore load management in the new operating environment becomes more difficult[8]. Home Area Network (HAN) extends smart grid capabilities into the home using different networking protocols. HAN is an important component of the smart grid. It provides energy utilization for both customers and providers. Customers can remotely turnoff the devices based on the real time information from the provider...
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...Exploring the imperative of revitalizing America’s electric infrastructure. the SMART GRID: an introduction. How a smarter grid works as an enabling engine for our economy, our environment and our future. prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by Litos Strategic Communication under contract No. DE-AC26-04NT41817, Subtask 560.01.04 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Litos Strategic Communication, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Litos Strategic Communication. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. PREFACE It Is A ColossAl tAsk. But It Is A tAsk thAt must BE donE. The Department of Energy has been charged with orchestrating the wholesale modernization...
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...1 2 Acknowledgements p.1 tr ©iStockphoto.com/Dennys Bisogno, etc t = top, b = bottom, l = left, r = right, c = centre Computer hardware and software brand names mentioned in this book are protected by their respective trademarks and are acknowledged. Scratch is developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT Media Lab. See http://scratch.mit.edu Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press, Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser. Photo credits p.1 © peno – Fotolia; p.15 © Dmitrydesigner/Fotolia; p.16 ©iStockphoto.com/Karl Yamashita; p.57 © Romanchuck – Fotolia; p.58 t © C Squared Studios/Photodisc/Getty Images, m ©Dmitriy Melnikov - Fotolia.com, b © Popova Olga/Fotolia; p.59 © picsfive – Fotolia; p.65 © Manfred Schmidt – Fotolia.com; p.67 © dja65 – Fotolia; p.68 © Konstantin Shevtsov – Fotolia; p.69 t © Miguel Navarro/Stone/Getty Images, b © Piero Cruciatti/Alamy; p.73 © Jamdesign/Fotolia; p.78 and 79 © adisa – Fotolia; p.81 © Mykola Mazuryk – Fotolia; p.82 t © Mauro Rodrigues/Fotolia...
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...Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. It is often described as "2.5G", that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. It provides moderate speed data transfer, by using unused TDMA channels in the GSM network. Originally there was some thought to extend GPRS to cover other standards, but instead those networks are being converted to use the GSM standard, so that is the only kind of network where GPRS is in use. GPRS is integrated into GSM standards releases starting with Release 97 and onwards. First it was standardised by ETSI but now that effort has been handed onto the 3GPP. GPRS is different from the older Circuit Switched Data (or CSD) connection included in GSM standards releases before Release 97 (from 1997, the year the standard was feature frozen). In CSD, a data connection establishes a circuit, and reserves the full bandwidth of that circuit during the lifetime of the connection. GPRS is packet-switched which means that multiple users share the same transmission channel, only transmitting when they have data to send. This means that the total available bandwidth can be immediately dedicated to those users who are actually sending at any given moment, providing higher utilization where users only send or receive data intermittently. Web browsing, receiving e-mails as they arrive and instant messaging are examples of uses that require intermittent data transfers, which benefit...
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...and ICT have different technical meanings but they have something common in context. The phrase information technology by itself connotes a narrower meaning limited in context by the use of information in association or coordination with computer technologies or hardware with link up and connectivity appeared to be set aside or given not much emphasis. Basic Functions of Information and Communication Technology Capture Function – takes the form of a task that is done by way of using devices like scanners and cameras thus allowing storage of vital data and information for future use. Processing Function – it made computers extremely popular as it is now. The most common activity usually associated with computers and voluminous numeric data. Expedient processing of data is usually the purpose for which people and business organizations purchase computers. It entails converting, analyzing, and synthesizing all forms of data or information. One of the earliest business...
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...Studio: Patrice Rossi Calkin/ Rossi Illustration and Design Cover Designer: Liz Harasymcuk Text Designer: Joyce Cosentino Wells Cover Image: ©Fancy/Alamy Media Editor: Dan Sandin Full-Service Vendor: PreMediaGlobal Senior Project Manager: Andrea Stefanowicz Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color This book was composed in Quark. Basal font is Times. Display font is Berkeley. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2008, 2005, 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education,...
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...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR Bachelor of Technology Programmes amï´>r¶ JH$s g§ñWmZ, m¡Úmo{ à VO o pñ Vw dZ m dY r V ‘ ñ Syllabi and Regulations for Undergraduate PROGRAMME OF STUDY (wef 2012 entry batch) Ma {gb Course Structure for B.Tech (4years, 8 Semester Course) Civil Engineering ( to be applicable from 2012 entry batch onwards) Course No CH-1101 /PH-1101 EE-1101 MA-1101 CE-1101 HS-1101 CH-1111 /PH-1111 ME-1111 Course Name Semester-1 Chemistry/Physics Basic Electrical Engineering Mathematics-I Engineering Graphics Communication Skills Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood...
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...Global Information Assurance Certification Paper Copyright SANS Institute Author Retains Full Rights This paper is taken from the GIAC directory of certified professionals. Reposting is not permited without express written permission. Interested in learning more? Check out the list of upcoming events offering "Security Essentials Bootcamp Style (Security 401)" at http://www.giac.org/registration/gsec Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46 © SA NS In sti tu te © SANS Institute 2004, As part of GIAC practical repository. 20 04 Valdo Araiza 3/30/2004 ,A GIAC Security Essentials Certification (GSEC) Practical Assignment Version 1.4b ut ho rr Technological Advances and the Effect on Physical Security eta ins fu ll r igh ts. Author retains full rights. Abstract The strides in technology each year have surpassed the previous year by leaps and bounds and will probably continue to do so in the future. Information technology continues to advance in ways that greatly benefit society on many levels but as the increasing benefits develop so do the security vulnerabilities associated with information technology. Hardware and software is being released to the general public that can help people be more productive but this same technology can be used to infiltrate or impede practiced physical security measures whether that effort is intentional or not. In this paper we will explore both...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications TRUE/FALSE 1. Data is information that has been translated into a form that is more conducive to storage, transmission, and calculation. ANS: T 2. ANS: F PTS: 1 Some people call computer terminals thick-client workstations. PTS: 1 3. A type of microcomputer-to-local area network connection that is growing in popularity is the wireless connection. ANS: T PTS: 1 4. To communicate with the Internet using a dial-up modem, a user’s computer must connect to another computer that is already communicating with the Internet. ANS: T PTS: 1 5. It is not possible to connect two local area networks so that they can share peripherals as well as software. ANS: F PTS: 1 6. Metropolitan area networks can transfer data at fast, LAN speeds but over smaller geographic regions than typically associated with a local area network. ANS: F 7. ANS: T 8. networks. ANS: T 9. ANS: F PTS: 1 The Internet is not a single network but a collection of thousands of networks. PTS: 1 One of the most explosive areas of growth in recent years has been cellular phone PTS: 1 By the 1970s, telephone systems carried more computer data than voice. PTS: 1 10. Network architectures are cohesive layers of protocols defining a set of communication services. ANS: T PTS: 1 11. The OSI model tells us what kind of wire or what kind of connector to use to connect the pieces of a network...
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...ABSTRACT In the context of the rapid growth of mobile computing penetration in developing countries, mobile telephony is currently considered to be particularly important for such development. Yet, until recently, very little systematic evidence was available that shed light on the developmental impacts of mobile computing. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the problems and prospects of mobile computing in Nigeria. The paper will be analyzed by theme in order to provide a thematic overview as well as a comparative analysis of the development role of mobile computing. In exploring the evidence from completed projects as well as the foci of new projects, the paper summarizes and critically assesses the key findings and suggests possible avenues for future research. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The fusion of computer and telecommunication technologies has heralded the age of information superhighway over wire-line and wireless networks. Mobile cellular communication systems and wireless networking technologies are growing at an ever-faster rate, and this is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. Wireless technology is presently being used to link portable computer equipment to corporate distributed computing and other sources of necessary information. Wide-area cellular systems and wireless LANs promise to make integrated networks a reality and provide fully distributed and ubiquitous mobile communications, thus bringing an end to the tyranny of geography. Higher...
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...Compatability Plans11-12 Planned Competitive Improvements13-14 Other Competitive Technological Solutions15 Upgrading to Next Generation16-17 Summary18 Work Cited19 Tiered Cell Tower20 3G vs 4G Chart21 Introduction In today’s society there are many different choices you can make concerning your wireless provider, and type of phone with many limitations and what we can do to counter act the norm of today is to go into a new direction. Now the US is predominately made up of CDSM with smaller companies that use the towers of the big four, but these are mostly just a pay as you go established business, what needs to happen is making a universal to match the rest of the world, and that standard is GSM (Global Systems for Mobile Communications). What we want to achieve is giving the same options that the rest of the world have, letting them take their phones where ever they want whenever they want and not be tied down to a country. GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz and 850MHz bands in the US. GSM services are also transmitted via 850MHz spectrum in Australia, Canada and many Latin American countries. The use of harmonized spectrum across most of the globe, combined with GSM’s international roaming capability, allows travelers to access the same mobile services at home and abroad. GSM enables individuals to be reached via the same mobile number in up to 219 countries. (GSMA, 2013) Terrestrial GSM networks now cover more than 90% of the world’s population...
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...Table Of Contents Chapter One .................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 General objective ........................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Specific objective ........................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Scope of the project ............................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Significance of the Project....................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Limitation of the project ....................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter Three ............................................................................
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...constitute an endorsement. The articles, documents, publications, presentations, and white papers referenced and used to compile this manual are copyright protected by the original authors. Please give credit where it is due and obtain permission to use these. All material contained has been used with permission from the original author(s) or representing agent/organization. ii T eofContent abl 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 BASIC INTERNET TECHNICAL DETAILS ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.1 TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ............................................................................ 2 1.1.2 UDP:User Datagram Protocol............................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Internet Addressing ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.4 Types of Connections...
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