...Marsden’s Tomorrow When the War Began (Marsden, 1993) is a xenophobic narrative that aims to convince the reader of the friendship and courage that would develop in a group of teenagers if they were to be confronted with several life threatening situations. The main theme that is found throughout the novel is the conflict between friendship and the instinct of self-preservation. This leads to many of the situations that affect the group of teenagers. The instinct of self-preservation leads to many scenarios found within both the novel and the movie. For example, at the beginning of the movie, after Ellie is spotted at the showground, Kevin runs off without thinking about anybody else but himself. Another example of this instinct of self-preservation is shown after the snake escapes from the sleeping bag in Hell. Ellie’s instincts tell her to …panic; I panicked. It told me to run; I ran. It told me not to give a stuff about anyone else; I didn’t give a stuff. It was quite a few moments before I looked around to see if they were OK… (Marsden, 1993, Page 36) This is an example of the self-preservation that is found in each of the characters. However, towards the end of the novel, friendship appears to have more effect on the characters than self-preservation. Kevin is willing to take Corrie to the hospital even though he knows that his life will be at risk upon his arrival. This is an example of one of the situations when the conflict between friendship and the instinct...
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...Name:Emre Arsan Student ID:20901413 Course:IR 227-2 Issues affecting Turkey’s relation with Germany: “Xenophobia” and German People’s attitude towards Turkish immigrants There are a few instincts that shape individual’s attitudes towards strangers. The meaning of stranger however, is something that changes based on people’s perspective. Strangers are mostly the ones, who are the outsiders person’s family or outside the country. The feeling of patriotism and racism can be listed under these feelings. Xenophobia is a concept that is directly related to this issue. As defined by Faruk Şen (2002), “Xenophobia can also be exhibited in the form of an "uncritical exaltation of another culture" in which a culture is ascribed "an unreal, stereotyped...
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...Pre-Reflective Xenophobia Xenophobia is a fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or alien. Pre-reflective gut racism is basically xenophobia, but it is xenophobia of a group or person that you have never came in contact with. Many people, especially people from a segregated community or a community with little cultural influence from outside or someone who has not spent time with people from other social groups, have Pre-reflective gut racism. A good example would be a small town in the middle of nowhere where they have never left would tend to have more Pre-reflective gut racism. Pre-reflective gut racism is also used in stereotypes against other people, for example "All catholic priests are child molesters." many people that say this have probably not even met a catholic priests and have made an assumption. It is often associated with the unknown because people have no experience with something new, so they automatically fear it. Pre-reflective gut racism is one of the most common racisms, and it is usually the first kind of racism one will have. Examples of Pre-reflective gut racism that I have experienced because I am from California have been "Do most people surf, do you surf?" "So you're a liberal". Hollywood makes California look like a place of beaches college parties, surfers, and money. The media does a great job of promoting racism because most people see it on the news so much. If they see a black person rob a store they start...
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... Xenophobia and the Nigerian Community in Johannesburg By Albert Egbe CHAPTER ONE IDENTIFYING THE STUDY 1.1 INTRODUCTION: In its report on Tuesday 13th March 2012, the internet news service News24.com reported that Nigeria has lashed out at South Africa, accusing its authorities of targeting Nigerians and alleging “xenophobia”, after 125 Nigerians were refused entry into ORT International Airport in Johannesburg over vaccination cards. The report continued to say that the same day 28 South Africans were refused entry into Nigeria in an apparent retaliatory move. Nigeria’s Foreign Minister, Olugbenga Ashiru, was reported to have said that despite “cordial “ relations at the leadership level of the two continental power houses, immigration authorities and police in South Africa were “fueling the irritation between our two countries” (News24.com– retrieved on 13/03/2012). What exactly is xenophobia? According to Coulson, L,. Carr, C.T., Hutchinson, L, and Eagle, D (1984).editors of the Oxford Illustrated Dictionary , xenophobia may be defined as a morbid dislike or fear of foreigners, foreign customs etc. It comes from the Greek words “xenos,” meaning “stranger”, ” foreigner”, and “phobos”, meaning “fear”. The internet encyclopedia “Wikipedia” suggests that xenophobia can manifest...
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...DEPARTEMENT SOSIOLOGIE / DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY TITEL VAN WERKOPDRAG TITLE OF ASSIGNMENT :__Migration, Xenophobia and New_ ___Racism in Post-Apartheid in___ _________South Africa________ VAN EN VOORLETTERS SURNAME & INITIALS :__________Murray R_________ STUD NR/ STUD NO :__________ MODULE KODE/ MODULE CODE :__________SOC 120_________ DOSENT/LECTURER :______Ms Vangile Bingma______ INHANDIGINGSDATUM DATE OF SUBMISSION :______16 September 2013_____ Table of Contents Introduction 2 Question 1 2 Question 2 4 Question 3 5 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Plagiarism Declaration 8 Introduction Post-apartheid South Africa was intended to bring together people of all races and ethnicities; however, black South African citizens are discriminating against and showing prejudice towards African migrants. Research has shown that the main causes of xenophobic attitudes are a result of politics of access and the struggle for political and socio-economic resources (Adjai & Lazaridis 2013:192). Question 1 Old racism is discrimination based on race which is a group that is different biologically to one’s own group. New racism is discrimination based on someone else’s national origin or ethnicity (Adjai & Lazaridis 2013:192). Old racism is exclusion based on biological features whereas new racism is exclusion based on...
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...In “Xenophobia, International Migration and Development” (2010), Jonathan Crush and Sujata Ramachandran focus on the increase in global south-to-south migration and its relation to a rise in xenophobia in destination countries, resulting in the marginalization and/or exclusion of minority groups in social and national settings (2010) They also argue that the action or inaction of a government, through denial or encouragement, can exacerbate xenophobia, making discrimination against migrants acceptable (Crush, Ramachandran, 2010). In the Dominican Republic the government has taken the official line that xenophobia does not exist but the culture of the Dominican Republic and the policies passed by government demonstrate otherwise (1). Haitians who are not able to provide proof of their citizenship, a costly and difficult task (1) are exploited and made to work in harsh conditions, earning less than a fair wage (1) and because of xenophobia, Haitian immigrants and Dominican Haitians that are able to prove their citizenship are often subject to similar working condition, being excluded from higher paying professions like law and medicine...
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...couldn’t fear be the root of racism? Most of the time, being biased can be confused with being racist. Racism, in most cases, is usually directed towards a group of people with a different ethnicity or background. Xenophobia, a disorder reaching epidemic proportions, is the intense fear and dislike of foreign people, or the unknown. Could the two be the same exact thing? Doesn’t the medical condition sound a lot like racism? Where do you draw the line between the two? How do you decide if it is the disease or just plain hatred? In most cases, xenophobia is caused by a past experience, usually a negative one. People who suffer from xenophobia view the unfamiliar external element as a potential threat. This feeling is usually exaggerated and overstressed. Xenophobia comes from the greek words xenos meaning “the stranger” and phobos meaning “fear”; thus making the meaning of xenophobia “the fear of strangers”. The thought that what is different can hurt them might trigger an extremely violent response in a xenophobic person. A patient diagnosed with xenophobia may prompt symptoms similar to other phobias, including anxiety, increased breathing (tachypnea), quickened heart rate (tachycardia), shortness of breath, panic attacks, nausea, trembling, and profuse sweating. Xenophobia can be detected when an individual takes ridiculous precautions to sidestep interaction with strangers. An unexplained fear disturbs the individual’s life; the person is aware of that but has no understanding...
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...integration of people from different cultural backgrounds. First and foremost, both coexistence and integration require a high level of tolerance from all those involved. Here, the major obstacle is often xenophobia which may be caused by a wide range of factors. As a rule, xenophobia occurs in big, mostly mono-cultural societies, where strangers are kept at a distance just because they have not been seen around before. On the other hand, xenophobia can result from the hyper-liberal immigration policy in some modern countries. For example France and Sweden which have warmly welcomed a huge amount of immigrants form Asia and Africa during the recent decades. However, instead of striving to integrate with the local population by learning their language and getting to know their culture, they form their own closed community which do not communicate with the indigenous population. What is more, they keep on following the laws of their native land, often ignoring the legislation of their new homeland. Moreover, it is the part of the population who is not interested in their own roots and who do not excel at work, who tends to emigrate the most. Therefore, the immigrants from the developing countries have become a major problem in many European states. Furthermore, xenophobia has started to spread in the areas as a reaction to the...
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...trapped in the world in which they were raised and will continue to face the affliction imposed by their captors for the rest of their lives. Reflecting on these images revealed that the problem child soldiers who flee their country face is similar to one encountered by all migrants: xenophobia. This concept broadly explains one culture’s irrational, unsubstantiated hostility towards another culture. It has created a crisis because society has developed a culture of separating individuals and denigrating them only based on their origin. Combating this crisis requires society to transition towards xenophilia, or one culture’s hospitality towards another culture. By doing so, we will address the underlying structural dimensions that establish xenophobia, which will lead society to understand that migrants deserve the necessary human rights promised to all citizens. Justice obliges us, as a society, to provide this fundamental fairness to all people. Specifically, our society yields immense benefits from migrant workers’ labor, but in return, we hold them at the constant cusp of detainment and deportation. This persistent threat towards migrant workers, who are law-abiding citizens, radiates from xenophobia. Transitioning from this view requires citizens to understand the migrants’ contributions to our society and recognize that they are enhancing our national identity, rather than deconstructing it. Further, our society holds xenophobic views because we perpetuate the migrants’ negative...
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...spot just after he was shot. His friend Alok Madasani, also a 32-yr-old engineer sustained injuries and was admitted to hospital. He has been discharged from the hospital now. The incident took place at Olathe town in Kansas at around 7.15 pm local time, when Mr Kuchibhotla and Mr Madasani met for a drink after work at a neighbourhood bar. It is then that the shooter, Adam Purinton, started shouting racial comments aimed at them. He allegedly called the two “middle eastern” and yelled, “get out of my country” before shooting multiple rounds of bullets at the two men. There’s a growing insecurity among the people triggered by xenophobia, which should be addressed and people should be willing to accept every...
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...Living with prejudice - xenophobia and race CINDY WARNER and GILLIAN FINCHILESCU report on a study conducted with a group of refugees in Cape Town through which they explore the ways in which refugees experience xenophobia, and how they explain it The contemporary anxiety about the perceived flood of illegal immigrants is well documented. A 1997 survey conducted by the Southern African Migration Project found that South Africans showed the highest level of opposition to immigration in any country where comparable questions have been asked (Mattes, 1999). The hostility towards foreigners living in South Africa has translated into extreme acts of xenophobic violence. In 2000 and 2001, Amnesty International’s annual online reports on South Africa singled out attacks and ill treatment of asylumseekers and suspected illegal immigrants as a major source of concern. The 2001 report also recounts reports of abuses of undocumented migrants and asylum-seekers. These included unlawfully prolonged detentions, poor conditions and beatings of detainees by guards at Lindela Repatriation Centre, assaults by police officers involved in the arrest of suspected illegal immigrants, and arbitrary and verbally abusive conduct towards asylum-seekers by Department of Home Affairs officials (Amnesty International, 2001). Xenophobia is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as ‘fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners or of what is strange or foreign’ (Mish, 1997). The literal meaning of the word suggests...
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...In Europe there are many undocumented and ignored cases of racial discrimination and xenophobia. Even though racism in Europe is not spoken about, many different minorities are targeted and mistreated everyday regardless of the anti-discrimination laws in place. Promoting these laws and raising awareness will positively lower the percentage of hate crimes in Europe. Recent news has shown a great increase in racial and xenophobia attacks. If this continues to happen, the world will be an imbalanced battlefield. However with the promotion of awareness and an enforced discrimination law, Europe will be able to lower and narrow down the racial issues in Europe. Awareness proves effective in many situations and many people will understand the issues...
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...operating elsewhere in Africa. Rather than trying to settle in the country, a significant number of immigrants are traders, who rent hotel rooms, pay value added tax on the goods they buy, and then leave. This has a positive impact on South Africa’s economy. Therefore, African immigrants in South Africa are enhancing the economy of this country and should be respected and not be killed and have their properties destroyed. The recent xenophobic attacks in some parts of KwaZulu-Natal have caused the closure of many big South African companies across the African continent, and the South African nationals were placed at risk. The Durban xenophobia attacks made many foreign investors pause, giving serious consideration to the stability. This scares off foreign investment in the country. The micro environment of some parts badly affected by the xenophobia will definitely experience high prices on basic goods, due to the elimination of essential competition in those areas. Tourism serves as a large multiplier of income and is a generator of employment in South Africa. However one of the major obstacles to tourism achieving its economic and...
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...Movie Review – Downfall It took place inside the bunker beneath adolf hitler and his men spent their final days with the other civilians. It shows the tear up of the nazi defenses of berlin. Our entry to this sealed world is Traudl Junge hired by Hitler as a secretary. and eyewitness to Hitler's decay in body and mind. She wrote a memoir about her experiences, which is one of the sources of this film, was a documentary about her memories. In a clip at the end of "Downfall," filmed shortly before her death, she says she now feels she should have known more than she did about the crimes of the Nazis. But like many secretaries the world over, she was awed by the power of her employer and not included in the information loop. Yet she could see, as anyone could see, that Hitler was a lunatic. Sometimes kind, sometimes considerate, sometimes screaming in fits of rage, but certainly cut loose from reality. Against the overarching facts of his personal magnetism and the blind loyalty of his lieutenants, the movie observes the workings of the world within the bunker. All power flowed from Hitler. He was evil, mad, ill, but long after Hitler's war was lost he continued to wage it in fantasy. Pounding on maps, screaming ultimatums, he moved troops that no longer existed, issued orders to commanders who were dead, counted on rescue from imaginary armies. That he was unhinged did not much affect the decisions of acolytes like Joseph and Magda Goebbels, who decided to stay with him, and...
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...The Rwanda Genocide Xenophobia, the hatred or fear of certain targeted ‘outsiders,’ is one of the most destructive group phenomena in human history. Various incidents in our collective past portray how xenophobia has negatively impacted the lives of so many people. One of the most outright and horrific displays of this destructive force was seen in the German treatment of the Jewish race before and during the Second World War. These events were part of the holocaust, associated with the Nazi notions of racial superiority especially in contrast with their notion of Jewish inferiority. Racial superiority has caused much violence and many deaths for those who have been labeled by the ‘superior’ as ‘inferior.’ This violence has been spawned mostly by an extreme hatred for those viewed as different or inferior. Furthermore, such feelings of hatred have been translated into outright acts of violence against those viewed as inferior, and this at times often prompted retaliation against their oppressors, such as the case in Rwanda. With these premises, the world has been witness to various acts of violence, including the massacre of a significant number of people, all in the name of racial superiority. The concerned countries of the world have often refused to act in time to stop these events even though ample signs of trouble were apparent. Racial superiority has traditionally been an issue for various countries at one point or another in their history, but none worse than...
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