...Unemployment:Problem of Youth By saria sajjad Unemployment is an economic term .It means having no employment to earn living .The persons who have no work to earn their livelihood are called unemployed. Perhaps now-a-days UN employment has become the biggest problem of the world. Even advanced countries like U.S.A, France and Germany are also facing unemployment. It has created frustration in the youth. Not only educated but the skilled youths are also in the grip of unemployment. There are many reasons of UN employment. Everywhere population is increasing but sources are decreasing. Our education systems creating youths who know only reading and writing. They do not learn practical skill. If a job is not available for them, they cannot start their own business. Then there is no dignity of labour. Division of money is also wrong. The rich are getting richer and poor are getting pooprer. In our country, there is lack of industries. Local industries have not been encouraged. Policy of loans is also wrong. Only the influential people can get loans. The defaulters are no severely with. The need of future is not kept in view when new policies are made. Unemployment given birth to many social evils. Its reason is that empty minds are Devil’s workshop. Unemployment people indulge in the theft, robbery, corruption, black marketing and smuggling. When our youth fail to maintain their status through fair means. They adopt unfair means. Social evils develop in that way...
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...Likewise, unemployed workers represent wasted potential production within an economy. Consequently, unemployment is a significant concern within macroeconomics. The term unemployment refers to the general condition in which resources are willing and able to produce goods and services but are not engaged in any productive activities. Moreover, it arises when GNP declines over a long period of time and when businesses reduce their output. Cutbacks in production inevitably mean that industries will use less labor and materials. Consequently, some workers will lose their jobs and those seeking new jobs will have a difficulty finding employment. Increased unemployment is a major consequence of cyclical declines in real GNP during the periods of recession. Workers in industries usually are laid off especially those who are engaged in the production of producer durable and consumer goods because investment purchased by business and purchases of durable goods by consumer declines during the period of recessions. While unemployment is most commonly thought of in terms of labor, any of the other production factors such as capital, land and entrepreneurship can be unemployed. The analysis of unemployment especially labor unemployment, goes hand-in-hand with the study of macroeconomics. The most noted and widely used measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate of labor. To measure the unemployment rate, it must first determine who is eligible and available to work. The labor force consists...
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...Unemployment as a socio-economic challenge. Africa suffer from 60% of all people unemployed being aged between 15-24 (UN, 2013). South Africa in particular is suffering from a high level of youth unemployment which has been increasing. As this figure is increasing it becomes even more important for South Africa’s Government to intervene and reduce youth unemployment. Youth unemployment is at 52% (World Bank)which increases poverty as the median wage per month for people in South Africa ages between 15-24 is R2100 (Statssa, 2010). South Africa have many policies which aim to tackle youth unemployment such as using a wage subsidy to give firms an incentive to employ more youths. This has been announced by President Zuma in 2013 that will take effect as of 1st of January 2014 (SARS, 2013). This will reduce labour costs for businesses because the South African Government will pay certain portions of the wage depending on the wage itself (SARS, 2013). To be eligible for the wage subsidy the employee must be aged between 18 and 29 and to have been employed as of 1st October 2013. However the wage subsidy may not be cost effective for the South African government because of the vast amount of youths unemployed. 3.2 million South Africans aged between 15-24 are unemployed so the jobs created for youths due to the subsidy will only be a fraction of that figure (Brookings, 2013). The South African Government should use some subsidies but also influence entrepreneurship amongst youths...
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...Historical Background Unemployment as a concept has attracted large coverage both domestically and internationally. It has been the most persistent and unmanageable problem facing both developed and developing nations of the world. The fact remains that a hundred percent employment exist in no nation of the world. All nations experience at least a minute proportion if not large rate of unemployment and a major macroeconomic goal of most if not all nations is to combat unemployment problems in their economies. Unemployment has been categorized as one of the serious impediments to social welfare. Apart from representing a colossal waste of a country’s manpower resources, it generates welfare loss in terms of lower output, thereby leading to lower income and wellbeing. The need to avert the negative effects of unemployment has made the tackling of unemployment problem to feature very prominently in the development objectives of many developing countries. One of the steps taken by the Nigerian government to reduce the problem of unemployment in Nigeria was the establishment of National Directorate of Employment (NDE). Unemployment has been defined as the absence of a job by an able bodied person. It is a term often denoting the percentage of people in the labour force who are not working. The concept of unemployment is not an entirely new one in Nigeria. Patrick Koshoni, (2005), a former Labour Minister has this to say “The problem of mass unemployment is not new, it has been...
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...200 730 Mike Graham live in Ontario, he has 2 post-secondary diplomas one in Political Science and another in legal studies, he also have one college degree from Seneca on the go. The only job he found was as landscape labourer. Why do graduate students have difficulties to find work nowadays? Is work the new gold? A look at the economics reason for high youth unemployment rate What really creates jobless youth is the recession, it has a stronger effect on youth rather than other coworkers, in Canada the youth unemployment increased from 9,5 percent in 2007 to 14,7% in 2011. This has happened due to the lack of training program such as internship in College and universities. Those post-secondary institutions should be focusing on the professional experience of the students rather than the theories, they should explain to student tips and tricks to get a job or how to ace an interview. The problems the youth experience throughout there schooling is that they are deprived of a proper education when it comes to topics such as careers and how to apply for a job. In the post-secondary education we need to inform the youth on how the office environment is, how to write a proper resume and how to present your self to the competitive world....
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...GDN Working Paper Series Education, Training and Youth Unemployment in Kenya Joy Kiiru, Eldah Onsomu and Fredrick Wamalwa Working Paper No. 26 October 2009 About GDN The Global Development Network (GDN) is a leading International Organization of developing and transition country researchers and policy and research institutes promoting the generation, sharing, and application to policy of multidisciplinary knowledge for the purpose of development. Founded in 1999, GDN is now headquartered in New Delhi, with offices in Cairo and Washington DC. This Working Paper has been prepared within the GDN’s Global Research Project Institutional Capacity Strengthening of African Public Policy Institutes to Support Inclusive Growth and the MDGs. The project has been fully funded by the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Bureau for Development Policy (BDP) and Regional Bureau for Africa (RBA). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone. © GDN, 2009 2 Education, Training and Youth Unemployment in Kenya Joy Kiiru, Eldah Onsomu and Fredrick Wamalwa 1 Abstract Young people in Kenya constitute 30% of total population while youth unemployment constitutes 78% of total unemployment. In nearly all developing countries the rate of urban unemployment in the 15-24 age group is at least double the rate of all other age groups. These high rates of urban unemployment in this age bracket are also seen in developed countries, although the rates are far lower than...
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...Research proposal Title: The role of cobblestone on youth unemployment reduction in Adigrat city Adigrat UniversityCollege of Business and Economics Department of Management/ MBA by Amanuel Teklu Aregawi teklu Dawit Hagos Berihu Gebremeskel 1.INTRODUCTION Cobblestones are small, chiseled rectangular stones formerly used to cover road surfaces ,typically either set in sand or similar selected material, or are bound together with mortar. Paving with cobblestones allows a road to be heavily used all year long and not getting muddy in wet weather or dusty in dry weather. Cobblestones set in sand have the environmental advantage of being permeable paving, and of moving rather than cracking with movements in the ground. INTRODUCTION con’t It was in early 2005 that the concept of using cobblestones to construct roads was first introduced to Ethiopia. Faced with fast-growing cities, inadequate urban infrastructure, and a large youthful population in need of employment, the Ethiopian Government turned to an innovative solution: Cobblestone road production throughout the country, driven by community participation and local materials. In recent years, cobblestone road creation has become one of the most successful infrastructure and job creation programmes in the country, with tremendous benefits for the urban poor. It has created hundreds of thousands of jobs, greatly improved urban mobility, and built collaborative relationships between communities and local...
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...Research proposal Title: The role of cobblestone on youth unemployment reduction in Adigrat city by -Amanuel Teklu Aregawi teklu Dawit Hagos Berihu Gebremeskel Adigrat UniversityCollege of Business and Economics Department of Management/ MBA 1.INTRODUCTION Cobblestones are small, chiseled rectangular stones formerly used to cover road surfaces ,typically either set in sand or similar selected material, or are bound together with mortar. Paving with cobblestones allows a road to be heavily used all year long and not getting muddy in wet weather or dusty in dry weather. Cobblestones set in sand have the environmental advantage of being permeable paving, and of moving rather than cracking with movements in the ground. INTRODUCTION con’t It was in early 2005 that the concept of using cobblestones to construct roads was first introduced to Ethiopia. Faced with fast-growing cities, inadequate urban infrastructure, and a large youthful population in need of employment, the Ethiopian Government turned to an innovative solution: Cobblestone road production throughout the country, driven by community participation and local materials. In recent years, cobblestone road creation has become one of the most successful infrastructure and job creation programmes in the country, with tremendous benefits for the urban poor. It has created hundreds of thousands of jobs, greatly improved urban mobility, and built collaborative relationships between communities and local...
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...3. Youth employment and unemployment in Sri Lanka…………………….7 4. Policies for youth unemployment……………………………………….11 Supply side: improving human capital Education and training Guidance and counseling Job placement and labor mobility Demand side: creating job opportunities Job creation and public work Job prospects for youth in information economy Promoting self-employment and supporting small enterprise 5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………20 6. Bibliography…………………………………………………………….21 Introduction Out of all the precious resources of our country, the most important resource is the human resource. Let me give you some figures: Sri Lanka’s population is 19.7 million and it is expected to increase up to 22 million during the next 10 years. Our labour force is 8 million. Young men and women in Sri Lanka account for 18.5 % of the population. Unemployment rate of the country at present is 7% and of which youth unemployment between ages 16-24 is 22%. Sri Lanka for decades is facing major challenges in providing employment and meeting aspirations of the youth. Economic policies during the past few decades have contributed to the economic growth, at present it is 6.5 - 7%. However, benefits of growth have not reached many segments of the population and sufficient domestic entrepreneurship development has not taken place among the youth. Lack of entrepreneurial culture of the youth and thus queuing for public sector employment is the present day scenario. Youth unemployment...
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...In re Sir Dinshaw Maneckjee Petit Bari AIR 1927 Bom. 371 MARTEN, C.J. – For the financial year 1925-26, the assessed Sir Dinshaw Petit has been assessed for super-tax on an aggregate income of Rs. 11,35,302 arising in the previous year. Of this sum he objects to Rs. 3,90,804 made up of two sums of Rs.2,76,800 and Rs. 1,14,004, the former of which arises from Government and other fixed interest bearing funds, and the latter from dividends in companies. Nothing appears to turn on this distinction, and I shall accordingly ignore it. Admittedly the assessed is the legal owner of most of these funds in the sense that they stand in his name and the interest and dividends are paid to him direct. Admittedly as regards the rest the apparent legal owners are his nominees and he receives the interest and dividends. Admittedly he has retained all the above interest and dividends and applied the same to his own use. Facts: The Facts stated are such that it appears that in the year 1921 the assessed formed four private companies which can be known as family companies for convenience of reference, although in fact no other member of his family took any direct benefit there under. The names of these four companies were Petit Limited: The Bombay Investment Company Limited: The Miscellaneous Investment Company: and the Safe Securities Limited: Each of these companies took over a particular block of investments belonging to the assessed. But, as the modus operandi was substantially...
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...----------------------- [1] Think about an analogy with another model – a map. There are lots of different types of maps to show different features of the real geography in a s[pic] |hvUhvU5?CJOJQJh LCJOJQJh|CJOJQJhP[OJQJmH sH #h Lh L5?CJOJQJmH sH #h Lh|5?CJOJQJmH sH h~o25?CJOJQJimplified but understandable form. The more ‘realistic’ the map, the less use it will be (you wouldn’t be able to unfold it, for one thing!). [2] Boin A & Lagadec P (2000) Preparing for the Future, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 8, 4, www.patricklagadec.net/fr/pdf/Preparing_the_future.pdf [3] Some define this probability as the value of this ratio as n tends to infinity [4] Of course, you may be surprised to learn that this is the wrong answer as the coin could land on its edge if left to land on a hard surface. If you Google ‘coin landing on its edge’ you will find that the chance of this happening is thought to be about 1 in 6000 (but we don’t really know!): so the true probabilities of ‘head’ and ‘tail’ are around 0.4999166 and of‘ edge’ around 0.000166667. How much would you pay for a gamble where you win £0 for ‘tails’ and £10 for ‘heads’ but lose your entire family’s wealth if it lands on the edge? Still £3 - £6? [5] Listen to his May 2011 podcast about the feeling of risk http://ihrrblog.org/2011/05/27/prof-paul-slovic-the-feeling-of-risk/ where he talks about the research described in the rest of this lecture. Interesting? [6] “The affect heuristic is a swift, involuntary...
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...ABASTRACT An increase in the literacy rate seems to be one of the key ingredients in the economic growth and development of a nation. Growth rate of India is the second highest in the world after china. It is believed that the principle reason behind the Indian progress is its youth force, highest in number in the world. However with increase in the number of schools and colleges, enrollment rates, literacy rate etc, Indian youth are not only unemployed but still unemployable and this would remain one of a grave and serious policy issue to India for many upcoming years. This paper will examine the role of higher education reforms in eradicating the problems of unemployment. * To focus on present Education system of India. * To focus on present employment and unemployment scenario of educated youth in India. * To shed light on the necessary suggestion & recommendation for the betterment of educated youth. Glimpse of Indian Education System. * Elementary education in India lays emphasis up to the age of 14 years. Government is the largest provider and facilitator of educational in India, almost 80% recognized Schools are run by government. * 27% of Indian children are privately educated due to poor standard of public education. * India is facing a severe challenge. 26% of its population is still illiterate, 15% of Indian students reach high school and just 7% reaches to graduate level. (Zareer Masani, 2008). *...
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... | |The issue of youth unemployment in the UK: | |Marketing research study, aiming to identify the main contributing points | | | | | | | |November, 2011 | Table of Contents List of illustrations 3 Executive summary 4 Key findings 4 Introduction 5 Background 5 Research Objectives 7 Method 8 Definition of population 8 Sample Size 8 Sampling technique 8 Data collection method 8 Questionnaire design 8 Findings………………………………………………………………………………..9 Trends 9 Education and Age 9 Age and Work experience 9 Thoughts on Apprenticeships 10 Factors 10 Lack of youth support 10 Lack of job opportunities 11 Young people lacking required job skills 12 Stereotype of young people 12 Youth interest in job prospects 13 Youths from one-parent families 13 Lack of role models 14 Ability to depend on welfare system...
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...steers an individual to become involved in illegal activities. Social disorganization focuses on the idea that crime is largely a product of unfavorable conditions in certain communities. These unfavorable conditions in certain communities lead to a high degree of “high school dropouts, unemployment, deteriorating infrastructures, and single-parent homes.” Social disorganization wants to pinpoint street crime at the neighborhood level. Social disorganization is blaming the environment surrounding youths for corruption. Individuals suffer from growing in communities that is filled with crime. People constantly speak about how growing up in Brooklyn and Compton gun shots can be heard every night. A young individual hearing gun shots or seeing a dead body in the street get traumatized. Youths at a young age who believe he or she needs to protect him or herself do not lean on parents or law enforcement. These youths turn to strangers or weapons. A teenager who sees a dead body in the street believes he or she should get a gun to protect him or herself. Social disorganization relates to organize crime and its evolution by social disorganization originating it. Social disorganization is the beginning of youths resulting...
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...the riots, about how they were destroying the shops, we all wonder, why? In my opinion it is unemployment – the youth are bored and disillusioned. Cause the percent for unemployed in UK is going down, and for that the young people without job are now saying stop, they want more jobs, and so they can earn money to live for and to provide their family. The prime minister says that there is something wrong with our society in UK. But how do we know that the young people not only are doing this for the free stuff and money, but for the chance to prove their government wrong about their statement. It is the young unemployed people that started the riots. If we ask our society what cause the problem we will answer: The kill of Marc Duggan, who is a young man who was shoot by the police without any reason of his death, this touch a lot of the people in UK. It started with this peaceful protest, but it took over. The people who were on the streets had nothing to do with the killing of Mark Duggan. It is the people that not have money to provide for themselves and their families, to take an education and after getting a good job, that are among the riots. The schools in UK are costing too much, and that’s results that many youth not going. This is of cause an important factor, but it is not the only reason, it is a combination of people being angry about the growing unemployment and inequality here in England, and bored kids. It is also people that as I’ve said before are...
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