...the Red Army, red Fujian" theme activities, their contribution, two days we in this team care for each other, truly solidarity, forge ahead. There is excitement, there is moved, there is a touch. This practice I relive the revolutionary struggle history, visited the site of a major Communist China, the site of the second congress, the former residence of Qiu Jin, Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall, the former residence of Lu Xun, South Lake revolution memorial hall, to pay tribute to the martyrs relics, relive the revolutionary struggle history, cherish the memory of revolutionary martyrs. Listen to the story of the struggle, the image of the hero of the revolution. Inspired me to love the party's enthusiasm, to further realize the deep connotation of the red spirit. Although time is short, but I learned something many profound experience to the strong team spirit, no longer difficult things rely on the collective strength can also simplify it. A team has a common goal, the individual interests are subordinate to the interests of the team, and ultimately benefit our team, so that we benefit from our personal interests. "Paper come Zhongjue shallow, absolutely know this matter to practice a lot of things only...
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...theory 1. Harmony of nature – yin and yang – balance 2. Seek Dao – the way a. Avoid excess b. Appreciate balance of opposites c. Humans part of world, not on outside – like Mediterranean Thesis: China emerged with an unusually well-integrated system in which government, philosophy, economic incentives, the family, and the individual were intended to blend into a harmonious whole. II. Patterns in Classical China A. Pattern of rule 1. Dynasty, family of kings – create strong politics, economy 2. Dynasty grew weak, taxes declined 3. Social divisions increased 4. Invasion or internal rebellion 5. Another dynasty emerged – general, invader, peasant rebel B. Zhou Dynasty – 1029-258 BCE 1. Started decline in 700 BCE 2. Ruled w/ local princes – alliance system a. Successful in agricultural communities – ie manor system Europe b. Princes received land for troops/tax 3. Eventually local leaders ignored central gov’t 4. Contributions a. Extended territory to “Middle Kingdom” – wheat north, rice south 1. Transportation/communication difficult – hard to govern b. Mandate of Heaven – Sons of Heaven – emperors live affluent life c. Greater cultural unity 1. Banned human sacrifice 2. Standardized language – Mandarin – most people speaking same d. Confucius – wrote on political ethics 5. 402-201 BCE Era of the Warring States C. Qin Dynasty – China’s namesake ...
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...------------------------------------------------- History of China From at least 1766BCE to the twentieth century of the Common Era, China was ruled by dynasties. A dynasty is a family that passes control from one generation to the next. A dynasty does not have to last for a long time. One Chinese dynasty lasted more than 800 years while another lasted only fifteen years. The ancient Chinese believed their ancestors in heaven had chosen their leaders. They called this the Mandate of Heaven. The Chinese people often rebelled against a weak leader if they believed he had lost the Mandate of Heaven. There are indications of an earlier Hsia Dynasty, but the Shang were the first dynasty to leave written records. The Shang also developed a lunar calendar consisting of twelve months of 30 days each. The Shang Dynasty ruled China from approximately 1766BCE to about 1040BCE. Shang rulers expanded the borders of their kingdom to include all of the land between Mongolia and the Pacific Ocean. The Shang practiced human sacrifice. If a Shang king died, many of his subjects would join the ruler in his grave. Some people were beheaded first but others were buried alive. When a Shang king died, his next oldest brother replaced him. When there were no brothers, the ruler’s oldest maternal nephew became king. A maternal nephew would be a child of one of the deceased king’s cousins – that is, a son of his mother’s siblings. The Chou were initially nomads who lived west of the Shang...
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...The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the earliest known literary works. This Babylonian epic poem arises from stories in the Sumerian language. Although the Sumerian stories are older (probably dating to at least 2100 B.C.), it was probably composed around 1900 BC. The epic deals with themes of heroism, friendship, loss, and the quest for eternal life. Different historical periods are reflected in literature. National and tribal sagas, accounts of the origin of the world and of customs, and myths which sometimes carry moral or spiritual messages predominate in the preurban eras. The epics of Homer, dating from the early to middle Iron age, and the great Indian epics of a slightly later period, have more evidence of deliberate literary authorship, surviving like the older myths through oral tradition for long periods before being written down. As a more urban culture developed, academies provided a means of transmission for speculative and philosophical literature in early civilizations, resulting in the prevalence of literature in Ancient China, Ancient India, Persia and Ancient Greece and Rome. Many works of earlier periods, even in narrative form, had a covert moral or didactic purpose, such as the Sanskrit Panchatantra or the Metamorphoses of Ovid. Drama and satire also developed as urban culture provided a larger public audience, and later readership, for literary production. Lyric poetry (as opposed to epic poetry) was often the speciality of courts and aristocratic circles...
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...and professional papers is to inform the public on a specific subject matter. These writings relate directly to a broad spectrum dependent on the edition or publication specifics. Of professional papers, several types can provide a scope of information and credibility toward a purveyance of technical or detailed information. The structure is usually even flowing and organized with particular information segments set out about the constituency of the writing. These papers, intended for publication in special interest journals, enhance the writers research, writing, and documentation capabilities as some of the information, not being his/her own will need to be accredited as if it is not, than plagiarism will be extrapolated. Journals, usually published by or for a particular subject matter or client, are detailed and accurate. There may be a UCLA journal, National Geographic Journal, or even a mechanic’s journal. The particulars of this, geared toward a particular audience and each entry, will usually comprise two titles sharing a general viewpoint for the nonprofessional and an entry specific title for the professional. The purpose of journals is to inform a group or individual of the credible elements related to a curriculum or scientific, professional, or academic scope. The writings or information in a journal may be composed of professional papers but the opposite is not the same. When a professional is composing a scientific paper, there are parameters...
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...GCE History Coursework Resource Record Sheet Centre Number: 15125 Candidate Number: 8097 Candidate Name: Alex Goulding Coursework Programme Title: Assignment Title Part A: To what extent can the establishment of the PRC be seen as a turning point in the last 100 years of Chinese history? Issue | Sources | Comments | Teacher’s comments if appropriate | Teacher’s initials and date | | School Notes – Mr Olsen PowerPoint presentations and hand out sheets. | -Early Chinese History; Qing Dynasty-Mao Zedong’s reign (Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution etc..)-Deng Xiaoping reign (rebuilding China) | | | | Deng Xiaoping and the transformation of China – Ezra. F. Vogel (author) | -Deng Xiaoping reign (how it differed to Mao Zedong’s, economic zones, -Chinese socialism – against traditional Marxist beliefs. | | | | Access to History, The People’s Republic of China, 1949-1976 – Michael Lynch (author) | -Mao Zedong’s reign (Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution etc..)-Deng Xiaoping reign (rebuilding China) | | | | The Search for Modern China – Jonathan. D. Spence (author) | -Life in China before Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping-The Chinese Empire; Qing Dynasty | | | | A Bitter Revolution: China’s struggle with the modern world – Rana Mitter (author) | -China before the present day/before it became so powerful worldwide-Mao Zedong’s and Deng Xiaoping’s reignModern Day China | | | | China: From Empire to People’s Republic...
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...EGYPT * The Gift of Nile * Nile * world’s largest river; flows more than 4000 miles * Because the river flows from south to north, the Egyptians called the southern part of the country “Upper Egypt” and the northern part the “Lower Egypt” * Each year, the river will overflow, spreading water into the bordering basins and irrigation channels carried water farther out into the valley to increase the area suitable for planting – brought moisture to the dry land and left behind a layer of rich black soil that was excellent for crop. * Farmers planted their crops as soon as the floodwaters receded * 4000 B.C.E. * Egypt consisted of valley of farmers living along the Nile * 3300 B.C.E. * first walled towns were erected at Naqada and Hierakonpolis * 3100 B.C.E. * ruler of Upper Egypt unified the country * Menes, first ruler, conquered Lower Egypt and brought all of Egypt under his rule. He built the city of Memphis as his capital. * Kings of Egypt * “Ruler of the Two Lands” * wore two crowns – symbolizing the unification of the country * There were at least 30 dynasties in Egypt’s history * Scholars divided the early history of Egypt according to the three periods when strong dynasties united the country * Old Kingdom (2686 – 2150 B.C.E.) * Middle Kingdom (2040 – 1786 B.C.E.) * New Kingdom (1570 – 1090 B.C.E.) Old Kingdom * 2649 B.C.E. * Old...
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...Shortly after the end of the Second World War, at the conclusion of the 1940s, Mao Zedong became the chairman of Communist China. Being that it was, and still is, the most inhabited country in the world, China becoming a communist country affected millions of people almost instantly. Many of the traditional traditions and practices of the Chinese people were left behind as Mao’s “Cultural Revolution” was instituted across the country in 1966. During the Cultural Revolution of China, the country and its citizens experienced strict authority control with the military and the state functioning together to govern the people. The switch from traditional China to this Cultural Revolution was swift and hasty, causing much death and trouble for the Chinese people. Because of these facts, there are many people who judged the New China governed under the socialist ideas of Mao. One of these critics is the Chinese-American novelist, Ha Jin, who denounces the Cultural Revolution of China in his novel entitled Waiting. In his novel, Ha Jin addresses and brings to light the affects of Mao’s rule on the Chinese people and the country as a whole. The novel starts in 1966 and takes place during the Cultural Revolution. “Cultural conflict is the center of this novel, where two worlds collide in the story of a man seeking a divorce from his wife by an arranged marriage: the ancient feudal culture of China and the world of the Cultural Revolution led by Chairman Mao” (Moore, 124). Through the locations...
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...“Making” Capitalism Erin MacDonald CHN: 388W February 18th, 2014 About two pages into the section titled Smashing the Four Olds of Gao Yuan’s book Born Red, I came across two sentences that really caught my attention. This part of the section highlighted a conversation between a group of Red Guards who had gone into a small town and came across some peasants selling various home-grown vegetables out of wheelbarrows on the street. These Red Guards proceeded to ask each other “Aren’t they [the peasants] making capitalism?” (pg. 87) At first glance, I attributed the odd wording of the sentence to be an example of what I would call “Chinglish” which can be described as a poor translation from a Chinese word or phrase into English. However, as I read down the page a bit more, I came across another instance of this odd phrasing where the Red Guards referred to those peasants as “making” capitalism; they had approached a man selling eggplants from the man’s own garden and proceeded to ask him directly, “Who allowed you to make capitalism?” (pg. 87) I surmised at this point that Gao Yuan had not merely translated his choice of words poorly but had in fact used the phrasing “making capitalism” intentionally. Gao Yuan’s deliberate description of the peasants to be “making” capitalism made me question whether or not there was any significance behind his particular choice of words. What did the Red Guards mean by saying that those peasants were “making” capitalism? Can capitalism...
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...|Accomplishments |Major Life Events |Family Life | |1. Mao Zedong was a great man in human history. He was Chinese |He was graduated in Hunan first normal School. He met with the President|Mao Zedong married with Luo Yixiu in 1907.Mao Zedong had four wives and | |revolutionist, strategist, theoretician, poet, communist, the people's |of United States Richard Nixon on February 21,1972. He attended The |five children. | |liberation army. And he was the main founder of the people's republic of|communist party of China the first national congress on July, 1921. | | |China. | | | | | | | |2. Deng Xiaoping was Marxist, Proletarian Revolutionist, politician, |He was graduated in Moscow eastern university. He put forward the |Deng Xiaoping had three wives...
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...revolution, warlordism and conflict with the Japanese. The war caused millions of casualties, triggered economic disintegration through hyperinflation and corruption, and displaced millions of refugees. The CCP may have secured victory in 1949 but like the republicans of 1912, they inherited an unstable, dysfunctional and economically depleted nation. With the Japanese surrender in August 1945, most observers believed the CCP and Guomindang would resume their struggle for control of China. In late 1945 there was a brief period where foreign intermediaries, particularly the Americans, tried to broker peace talks between the communists and Nationalists. In late August 1945 Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai attended peace talks with Jiang Jieshi and other Nationalist leaders in Chongqing. Mao and Zhou attended at the urging of the Soviet Union and were accompanied by US diplomat...
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...CCA Country Project China Power distance Value Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions within a country accept and expect that power is distributed unequally (Hofstede, 2005). In high power distance countries, there is a considerable dependence of subordinates on bosses while in low power distance countries there is limited dependence of subordinated on bosses. In China, there is a high power distance; there are few people in China who are very powerful, and they’re respected by everyone. The PD index of China is 80, and that is overlapping in real life, cause there is a big power distance in China. Rituals Mao Ze Dong said there could never be too many Chinese: human resources would be China's greatest defence in the widely predicted third world war. So the population of China rose from 540 million in 1950 to over 850 million by 1970 (fig 1). http://www.bmj.com/content/314/7095/1685.short This is high PD, because he decides what the whole country has to do, and he doesn’t care about what the other people want. Population projections worried Deng Xiao Ping, who was launching his economic reform programme. He regarded the curbing of population growth as essential for economic expansion and improved living standards, so the one child family policy was introduced in 1979 http://www.bmj.com/content/314/7095/1685.short This is high PD as well, because in this case Demg Xiao Ping decides for...
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...Genghis Khan, first known as Temujin, was the son of a leader of a Mongolian tribe. He was brought up in a time of warring tribes and factions. Genghis Khan was a fierce and brilliant military commander, who achieved unprecedented success in setting Ghengis Khanup an Empire which stretched across Europe and Asia. His Mongol armies left a trail of fear, death and destruction. But, he also created a vibrant empire with a common language, booming trade, tolerance of religion and some basic customs and laws( Pettinger., 2010). Arguably the most famous Asian of the last 2,000 years, Genghis Khan created an empire that was more than twice the size of any other conqueror's in history, and that endured for more than a century and a half after his death. Almost everything we know about him came from the descendants of people he conquered, and they have seen him as merely one of many bloodthirsty savages -- such as Attila the Hun and Tamerlane -- who periodically erupted from the steppes like some evil force of nature to ravage the superior civilizations around them(Weatherford, 2000). Although Genghis Khan was a great conqueror, he never stopped becoming open to new cultures and he was very open to learn from the technologies, practices and even religions of the different territories he conquered. A great leader never stops learning and it is the key to your success too. You must be humble enough to realize that you can learn from anyone, anywhere no matter how far you have come as...
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...Liu Shaoqi -Revolutionary, Communist, president of the PRC -1898-1969, died in prison. -The most famous victim of the Cultural Revolution, “the biggest unjust case of the CCP”, he was posthumously rehabilitated in 1980 and given a state funeral Zhou Enlai -A leader of the CCP, Revolutionary, diplomat -1898-1976 -The first Primer of the PRC, most important political partner of Mao, very positive appraise by the history and Chinese people. American Volunteer Group Lin Biao - a major Communist military leader -Leader of the army during the civil war, especially in Northeastern China. - Lin had chance to be the successor of Mao, but his relation with Mao became terrible later in the Cultural Revolution. Lin died in plane crush in Mongolia, and he is also blamed for the cultural revolution Jiang Qing -4th Wife of Mao -Became to be active in Chinese political life in 1960s Cultural revolution. -She is the leader of Gang of Four, also one of the main leaders during the CR. Joseph Stilwell -American General, -US government sent Stilwell to Chongqing in 1942 - The Chief of Staff in China Burma India Theater, left the position because of conflicts with Jiang; Red Guards -A special group of China during the CR. Most RG are students -During the CR -So called “solider of Chairman Mao”, regard the little red book as all the truth, easy to be egged and the main power of CR Hu Yaobang -The General Secretary of the CCP -Took the position during 1982-1987...
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...Globalization Western Governors University Globalization refers to the development of an integrated world economy, exchange of cultural views, thoughts, and products (Wikipedia, 2013). Pologeorgis (2012) states that, essentially globalization began with the exploration and settlement of new lands. Communication and transportation advances have aided in this process. Two non-Western countries that have been impacted by globalization are India and China. India opened its doors to globalization during the nineteen nineties following an economic crisis in which the country almost defaulted on loans (Balakrishnan, n.d.). Before globalization India purposely isolated itself from world markets and was in a state of economic stagnation (Nayar, 2007). This stagnation left the country in profound poverty with no industrial growth. The people of India faced other challenges as well such as illiteracy, government corruption, and malnutrition (Wikipedia, 2013). In the years since globalization industrial growth has occurred at a rate of about 6.5 percent that has thwarted any reoccurrence of economic decline and a poverty rate at 26 percent that had previously been 55 percent (Nayar, 2007). China too, has benefited from globalization. In 1978, Deng Xiaoping established leadership of China. Unlike Mao Zedong, Xiaoping embraced globalization and demanded economic change that he believed would ensure the safety of communist rule (Yahuda, 2003). Like India...
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