...King Zheng first Emperor of China is considered the most powerful and successful leader in his time. Zheng was a successful leader as he not only unified all 6 warring states but then further developed a lasting government and legal system, gained control over a powerful army, introduced a new coinage system, establishing social cohesion, developed a building program and a consistent system of transport which all contributed to his lasting legacy. King Zheng established a unified China with one ruler, the Emperor, regarded as the sole divine power. He accomplished this by using his army to overtake all the other six states he did this by taking over the neighbouring Han State, which already had a political organisation and combined their armies with his giving him enough power to conquer all other states. He then made himself the ‘sole divine leader.’ After he accomplished this he established a system of government among the seven states none of which had any more power than him. He was the sole leader of his and the other six states, which were ruled by six governors or ministers and under them were six lower leaders of their own individual sections. He established this and form of government to gain full control over all people of China. Each set family would spy on one another and report back to the Emperor, thus giving King Zheng control of all aspects of life. An example of this occurs in the movie/documentary ‘The first Emperor of China’ where a spy uncovers plans his...
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...shown that China is a significant creator and repository of great philosophies, yet we know little of Chinese philosophies on leadership. With China becoming a global economic and political force, we need to learn from and to understand Chinese leadership philosophies. We must also consider that China is now in the process of blending its tradition, customs and practices with Western concepts and ideas. In the business world, it is the blending of its wisdom and Western practices. Successful leadership behavior of today's more culturally diverse workforce is one of the most important challenges organizations face. CHINA The People's Republic of China today seems to be entering the modern world, coming out of the shadow of the warlords, the 20-year struggle between communism and nationalism, and the Cultural Revolution. Moves are afoot to shift the Chinese economy more toward the market-oriented end of the spectrum. China’s 1978 open door policy initiated rapid economic development, and consequently exposed china to a flood to Western management practices. CHINA 2 China is a country of old and new and one that is in transition. With the rise of China in the global economy, it has never been more important for business leaders to understand Chinese leadership philosophies and practices. Ancient Chinese thinking and Western ideas have shaped the development of leadership styles in China. Leadership theories (paternalistic leadership as practiced by business leaders in Taiwan,...
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...Compare and contrast the economic policies of Stalin and Mao. In Russia and China, both Stalin and Mao emerged as almost god-like leaders despite making their respective countries endure harsh programs of reform all economically, politically and socially. Mao can be seen to have adopted the policies of Stalin, both inspired by the Marxist ideologies of Lenin. Both Stalin and Mao recognized the economic backwardness of their respective countries and wanted to use industrialization and collectivisation as the primary means of increasing their economies. Although the original plans were very similar, the actual undertaking of the plans in addition to the results and how it helped consolidate both leaders may slightly vary. Comparing and contrasting the economic policies of both Stalin and Mao provides great insights into two valuable leaders and their quest to success in Russia and China, respectively. The initial aims of both the leaders can be identified as similar since they both focused on industrialization and collectivisation within their countries. Starting off with the introduction of the first 5 Year Plan by Stalin in Russia in 1928, and the introduction of Mao’s first 5 Year Plan in China in 1952, both focused on state directed growth of heavy industry, predominantly the output of coal, steel and petro-chemicals. The result of Stalin’s first 5 Year Plan was that there was very little production of consumer goods as the population’s focus was solely on heavy industry...
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...To What Extend are the Chinese Views of Mao truthful? In China, Mao is more than a role model. Mao was often compared to the first Emperor of China who had united the 7 warring kingdoms in troubled times. Because of this, for the Chinese people, Mao symbolizes power, culture and unity. Contrary to this, Western Society believes that Mao was a dictator who was responsible for the death of 49-78,000,000 people during Mao’s reign: 38,000,000 from famine in the Great Leap Forward, 28,000,000 in the LaoGai Camps and 3,000,000 counterrevolutionaries’ participants. [1] Since there is such a difference in the opinions, it makes you wonder is there truth in the contradicting views of Mao. In China Mao was often seen as a militaristic leader who united China using clever strategic plans, whilst under times of turmoil. It is hard to argue against as I believe that it is almost true. Under Mao, there was the success of the Long March, triumphing in the Second Sino-Japanese war, Sino-Indian War and lastly the victory over the Nationalist Party. It makes me think: is it really possible for one man to do all that? For example on The Long March It was said that it was Mao’s Idea; Mao led the way, Mao who encouraged the marchers and so on. On the contrary, it was said he stayed way behind the front lines when there was fighting. Plus, it was Otto Braun (a Russian agent)’s idea to do a full scale retreat to Yan’an where the Chinese Communist’s Part Second Army was to be based....
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...revolutions throughout history. The one that will be introduced to you in this essay is Chinese Revolution. Chinese Revolution happened in 1949. There were many events that caused the revolution. Chiang Kai-Shek was the leader of nationalist government and Mao Zedong was the leader of communist group. Nationalist government was trying to suppress the communists and eliminated them. Civil War started in 1927 between these two groups. Sun Yat Sen's impact on the Chinese Revolution Sun Yat Sen is a figure that is impossible not to refer to while studying the Chinese Revolution. His involvement in the early days of the revolution is hard to deny but how effective and important his contribution was is arguable. There are many different arguments to whether Sun was a failed revolutionary or well deserving of the title ‘Father of the revolution”. There is a variance of opinion of how much sun contributed to the 1911 revolution is a great one. By early 1900 Sun had already expressed his need for the overthrowing of the Qing dynasty. To begin this Sun sent followers into China to attempt uprisings to make the most of the turmoil during the boxer rebellion but these uprisings failed. In 1905 two student revolutionary groups in Japan allied themselves with Sun Yat Sen’s Revive China Society to form the Tongmenhui. These groups aimed to overthrow the Qing, establish a republic, get rid of foreign powers, develop democratic ideas and distribute land to the peasants. The alliance drew Sun into...
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...The Great Aberration is the period of rupture in United States-China relations that lasted about 20 years since 1950s. The Americans at the time feared about communism, which was so rampant in Asian nations, especially in China. Because Americans had relatively good relationship with China for a period of time, and the People’s Republic of China’s leader, Mao Zedong, showed great hospitality to the US, Americans undervalued their traditional support of Asian Nationalism of China. The Truman Administration’s new foreign policy included how the US should treat the Communist countries in Asia and Europe, and the policy was very aggressive towards them. The policy contained very strong restrictions on the development of China as modern powerhouse, and it offended China’s national susceptibilities. Shortly after the introduction of the policy, the two previously friendly nations’ relation got worse. However, unlike the Cohen’s claim, the sudden change in relation between nations are not very rare....
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...today: Introduction: In Chinese history, specifically the years 1956 and 1957, Mao Zedong the then paramount leader of People's Republic of China (PRC) launched the Hundred Flower Movement which was a movement that encouraged open intellectual and political debate. The main intention of the campaign was to cause a stir in the bureaucracy and at the same time weaken the Chinese Communist Party’s position as a dominant pro-Soviet right wing and slacken its tight grip over the freedoms of thought and expression. However, the situation went rapidly out of hand resulting in an uncalled for censure of party members. Background information: The movement began in May 1957 after a secret speech by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev attacking the excesses of Stalinism came to light. Its founder, Mao adopted the slogan ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom together, let the hundred schools of thought contend’. He then invited Chinese intellectuals to openly voice their criticism over government policies and party cadets. Mao’s intention was to win over alienated intellectuals by giving them a certain degree of intellectual freedom. Such incentives included: increased access to foreign publications for intellectuals working in schools, colleges and universities since the people had began losing faith in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) after it introduced a Soviet-style education system to China in 1949. The system favoured liberal arts education over science and technology education. However the campaign...
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...Stalin and Mao Every country has experienced and needed one or two remarkable leaders at one point or another. Some countries are very lucky to have a great leader at an important time and make full use of the leaders; however, other countries are unfortunate to have the good leader become weak and powerless. Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin are two of the greatest leader of China and Soviet Union all over the world. A great leader can influence a country for a long period of time and the impact can ever last for generations, for instance Mao’s impact on China which lasts for years until now. As the leader of the World Communist Party and the leader of Communist Party in China, Stalin and Mao share very similar thought and concept about the path of developing and Communist revolution, however, there is more divergence between them. Some scholars believe that they are both partners and competitors and this can be proved through many evidences. Although Mao and Stalin were two legend leaders of the Communist Party, it could not be denied that there are merits and demerits through their entire life. In the beginning, Mao was not as infusive as Stalin in the world in many aspects and he made important and strategic decisions with listening to the Stalin’s advices. There are few records or letters recording the communications between Mao and Stalin, however the left ones show that they once had very close and frequent communication with each other. Some scholars also believe that Stalin...
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...China: Facing the 21st Century China has rebuilt itself from having an unstable economy, a collapsed government followed by a few turbulent years of corruption and political instability to having the world’s largest population, state-of-the-art technological advances, an incredibly growing economy and several influential leaders. The country has been credited for many inventions indispensable today such as paper, the compass, mechanical clocks, and gunpowder among others and always thought to be ahead of its time technologically. The Chinese government continues to place emphasis on innovation by allowing its people to do research on various subjects such as stem-cell research and gene therapy; these are widely controversial in other parts of the world but not as regulated in China¹; however, the country wasn’t always thriving. Development took place during the Dynastic era. Confucius first led the country to order and the Qin Shi Huang was credited for unifying the country as well as adapting the Chinese currency, weights and measure, as well as the Chinese language. This laid the foundation for China to become the country it is today. Without these key players, China would not have the economy or the intellect it currently has. In addition, there were various changes in the governmental sector. There was a lot of chaos before the Maoist takeover, including conflict between the Guomindang (GMD) nationalist party and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which culminated in CCP...
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... From 589-1127 China went through major political, economic, and social changes during the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties. Despite all of the turmoil, each dynasty made their own substantially useful contributions during it’s time. For example, the Sui Dynasty contributed the Grand Canal, the Tang Dynasty revived confusionism, and the Sui Dynasty strengthened China’s government and economy. The Sui Dynasty lasted from 589-618. During this time general Yang Jian reigned as Emperor Wendi from 581-604. Before 581, Yang Jian had appointed himself to rule China in place of his infant grandson. Then in 581 he forced his own grandson out and claimed Heaven’s Mandate for himself. Thus, beginning the Sui Dynasty (Judge, E. H., 2012). Yang Jian conquered all of the weak states and by 589, and for the first time in centuries, one man ruled all of China. Yang Jian focused mainly on reunifying connections. He came up with a nationwide law code and revived the civil service system. He began the construction of the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal was a huge waterway connecting the north and the south. It made transportation for military troops and grain much easier (Judge, E. H., 2012). The canal served as a major means of transport and in turn unified China. The Gran Canal served as the Sui Dynasty’s beneficial contribution to China. Although Yang Jian brought the great contribution of the Grand Canal his son and heir, Yangdi, proved to be a disastrous leader for China. Yangdi ruled from...
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...home good products. They were the leader in sales amongst all the industry competitors for over 15 years and had built a great reputation for themselves. They employed over 1000 people throughout each year while maintaining great management and treatment to workers. Employees of Continental were very happy and loyal to their company due to the excellent work environment. Continental enjoyed great profits and steady growth until around 2004 when an outside force came into actions. China, an unexpected competitor started growing its manufacturing industry extremely rapidly and without any warning started to hurt all US based manufacturing including Continental Products. After 2004, Continental Products was the only plant to survive in the US that was a competitor in the market. In addition to all these manufacturing plants closing down due to foreign competition, large retail stores such as Wal-Mart and Home Depot were starting to dominate the market and crush small retailers. With all this happening Continental Products was not sure what was going to happen to the company and what they should do, there are many factors and dilemmas that they had to consider when deciding on the future of their company. When Continental Products realized that they needed to make some changes due to increases in foreign competition they had a lot of variables to consider. There were both positive and negative things that were happening at the time that posed great threats and opportunities on the...
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...History 103 001 Cultural Revolution in China: views on Mao’s Era. Yi Jie Yang 40223109 Professor: Steven Hugh Lee Chinese culture has had great misunderstandings particularly in the western countries owing to the views represented by socio-cultural scholars, historians and literature writers. This paper reviews two books that explore the Cultural Revolution in China with a major focus on the Authors’ Writing Style and their views on Mao’s Era. Writing Style In the book “Born red: a chronicle of the Cultural Revolution.” The author, Yuan Gao, explores the first violent years of China’s Great Proletarian culture revolution. Gao provides an account of his own experience as a Red Guard in the Cultural revolution bringing out the readers as close as they can get to the political vortex that shaped the views of millions of teenagers behind the national movement that brought China to the blink of civil war[1]. Born Red entails more than the recollection of a political nightmare including a concise narrative of an adolescent torn by conflicting loyalties as the author is called upon to participate in the destruction of the world that has nurtured him. The author’s story provides tribute to the durability of cultural traditions at a time when nihilism was at its best. Gao clearly outlines the Cultural Revolution in China in an attempt to create a way for a more egalitarian and...
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...“Power tends to corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely” Essay “Power tends to corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” Over time this statement has been changed and interpreted into its own meaning. Some say power does not corrupt it only attracts the corruptible, however, past events have given proof to dispute that theory. Power corrupts absolutely. This can be seen as we look back at previous leaders, for example: Louis XIV of France, Henry the Second of the Roman Empire, Katherine the Great, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Adolf Hitler. These names all have something in common, they were leaders, but unfortunately, power got to their heads and they were corrupted by their lifestyles and position of power. Some of the most brutal and powerful acts have happened when these names have been reigning over us. Given this, the point I am addressing in my essay is ‘how leaders corrupt absolutely and why’. Leadership is at its core, all about power and influence; however, there is a distinction between two types of power, socialized and personalized power. Socialized power is used to benefit others, and personalized power is used for personal gain. Most power that evolves starts out as wanting to help others but once the realization sets in that they can help themselves more, power starts to be used for personal gain. Examples of this have happened in history as dictators started out with good intentions but got corrupted absolutely because they became consumed...
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...policies very clear, “We are 50 or 100 years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in 10 years. Either we do it or we will be crushed”. The first five year plans were a great success, and by 1940 the USSR was comparable to many of the more advanced western countries concerning the export of heavy industrial products. The collectivization however were less of a success, even if production and export increased it caused great suffering to the Russian farmers and many animals were killed resulting in great famine in parts of the USSR. This model of economic policies would become the way of Russia and China until the late 1970s. At this time China was in a civil war crisis where the KMT turned out to be the dominant figure at first. The leader of the party Chiang Kai-shek was right-winged and favored the landowners before the peasants and no great economic reforms were made. Although the country was officially under KMT rule the Warlords still had much power in certain areas and were self-governing, so there was no constant overall economic policy taking place in China until 1949, when Mao became the leader of China and could carry out his economic policies. In 1949 things in China became more interesting, as the CPC becomes the ruling government of the whole of China and Mao carries out his economic policies. These were...
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...(Mao Tse-Tung) was born in Chaochan, China, in 1893. At the 18 years of age, he served in the revolutionary army during the 1911 Chinese Revolution. Chinese was inspired by the Russian Revolution and therefore established the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in 1921. They were adapted by the ideas of Lenin. He and other members had joined the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party), which Mao worked as a political organizer in Shanghai. With the help of advisers from the Soviet Union the Kuomintang increased its power in China. Their new leader Chiang Kai-Shek eliminated the communists from the organization. The nationalist set a barrier and Mao Zedong decided to evacuate the area. In October 1934, Mao and some 100,000 men and their independents headed west through mountain areas. They experienced terrible hardships. They covered about 50 miles a day and reached Shensi on 20th October 1935. When the Japanese Army invaded China in 1937, Chiang Kai-Shek was forced to move his capital from Nanking to Chungking, and lost control of the coastal regions and most major cities of Japan. He then agreed to work together with Mao and his communist army. During the Second World War, Mao had well-organized guerrilla forces. The Japanese had surrendered and Communists began war against Nationalists. The communists win its control of the country and on 1 October, 1949, Mao announced the organization of People’s Republic of China. In 1958 Mao announced the Great Leap Forward, an attempt to increase...
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