...in Hindustan zinc Ltd. I wish to express my indebtedness to those who guided & helped me Mr. Lakshman Kumar Pandey, Mr. Amit Sharma, Mr. Shravan Dwivedi & Mr. RP Vaghela. This would not have been made successful without their help and precious suggestions. Finally, I also warmly thanks to all our colleagues who encouraged us to an extent, which made the experience here good. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABOUT HINDUSTAN ZINCLTD………………………................................... 2. ROASTING PLANT…………..………………………………………………... 3. ACID PLANT…………………………………………………………………… 4. LEACHING PLANT………………………………………………………..…. 5. ZINC ELECTROLYSIS PLANT…………………………………………….. 6. MELTING AND CASTING…………………………………..………………. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE AND PRACTICES 7. AGIATATORS………………………………………………………………… 1. ABOUT HINDUSTAN ZINC LTD. Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) is an integrated mining and resources producer of zinc, lead, silver and cadmium. It is a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources PLC. HZL is the world's second largest zinc production. HZL operates the world's third largest open-pit mine, and World's largest Zinc Mine in Rampura, Agucha in Rajasthan. Other mines with HZL are located in Sindesar Khurd, Rajpura, Dariba, Kayar and Zawar, all in Rajasthan. HZL is also the world's lowest cost zinc producer. HZL...
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...CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION a. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Vinegars had been used at home solely for cooking. Most people are not aware that it actually has other uses at home like lighting small LED bulbs. Thus, when the researchers came across this project on the internet, we grabbed the opportunity of proving whether or not this is a possibility. With the cheap and readily-available materials, this project can provide households with an alternative source of light that can easily be done and replicated. Although this may seem as a step back for advancements in technology because it makes use of household materials instead of more complicated ones, this is one step ahead towards innovation. b. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Can Vinegar be used as a battery for lighting small LED bulbs? c. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The researchers chose this investigatory project of vinegar being used as a battery for lighting LED lights for two of its possible contributions to the community: first, it can be used as a safe, better and cheaper alternative to sources of lights in case of blackouts, and second, people can use it as an alternative source of light at home to lower their power consumption. The Philippines is an archipelago surrounded by large bodies of water making it susceptible to typhoons. The last devastating typhoon, Yolanda, had left Leyte and other parts of the country in turmoil with no food, water, and electricity for not just days but for months, and...
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...ROOF AND WALL CLADDING BRAND 1 BRAND 1 BRAND 2 All new Galvanised Roofing Sheets look alike... Right Hardness for Roofing Maximum Strength Optimum Chromating Uniform Zinc Coating Excellent Zinc Adherence Assured Thickness Accurate Dimension Superior Packaging Printed Thickness and Zinc Coating Fixed and Transparent Pricing Perfect Overlapping Superior Distribution Network ...but only the best stand the test of time. TATA Shaktee GC sheets truly last the longest. After all, they are brought to you from the house of TATA's. The sheets pass through stringent quality tests that ensure uniform Zinc coating, proper hardness for roofing, superior Zinc adherence, high tensile strength and accurate dimensions. All this and more add up to the quality valued by millions of consumers over decades. FOR MORE DETAILS, PLEASE GET IN TOUCH WITH MARKETING & SALES Tata Centre Tata Steel Limited 43 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata 700 071 Phone: (91) (033) 2288 7051/ 3061/ 1951 Fax: (91) (033) 2288 5926 e-mail: tatashaktee@tatasteel.com PHONE NUMBERS OF SALES OFFICES Chennai Delhi Kolkata Mumbai Ahmedabad Aurangabad Bangalore Chandigarh Faridabad Guwahati Indore Jaipur Jamshedpur Kanpur Ludhiana Nagpur Pune : Ph: (044)6696 0008 Fax:(044)2826 9101 : Ph: (011)5535 9659 Fax:(011)2334 3196 : Ph: (033)5550 8154 Fax:(033)2288 1687 : Ph: (022)2267 5945 Fax:(022)2261 9902 : Ph: (079)6661 2606 Fax:(079)5561 2604 : Ph: (0240)562 1477 Fax:(0240)562...
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...rt) After viewing our percent yields for Zinc Iodide (which were around 100%), we believe this lab was conducted under the best of conditions and produced more than accurate results. In performing the experiment, the measurements for Zinc Sulfate and Barium Iodide did not deviate from the standard to be measured by more than 0.03g (as was indicated for precision in the lab manual). Each time we went through the centrifuge process, the same centrifuge machine was used. To make sure our boiling tube did not contain any remnants of zinc iodide from previous experiments to mess with our end results and measurements, we washed it out twice with tube cleaners and soap, and then dried it and placed in the two boiling chips. After the centrifuge process, we made sure to collect all the aqueous zinc iodide to the boiling tube by using a pipet to gather all the liquid. For this double replacement reaction, all the reactants used formed complete products; there was no excess anything (like when reacting Zinc and Iodine, Zinc Iodide and excess Zinc was produced). Also, while heating our Zinc Iodide for this lab, near the end we made sure none of the product spilled out of the tube. To boost confidence, my partner I and did the experiment each separately and repeated it two times. In comparing our results with Mona and Belle, their centrifuged product also produced a white precipitate and clean liquid and their percent yields were also around 100%. During the actual experiment, we also...
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...The explanation of Arabidopsis thaliana by The World Of Genetics introduces you to the actual plant of Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis thaliana is a very important plant because it has made many impacts on the science world and many research papers have been done on experiments with this plant. This plant is known as a plant that experimenters did basic research on and conducted experiments and also it helped with other areas of research in the science world. The reason behind everyone using this basic plant to use the information for other areas in biology because this plant is very easy to grow. Arabidopsis thaliana is small in size so its very easy to grow and not to hard to grow anywhere. This plant can be grown well in simple places. Also this plant can be very easily experimented on multiple times due to its 6-8 week germination. After germination, the plants must make there own food in a special process called Photosynthesis. “Arabidopsis thaliana” Plants must make their own food after germination. This process of which they make there own food is call photosynthesis. The essential things needed for photosynthesis are sunlight/ light source, water, air and chlorophyll. This process is a base of all growth of plants. During this process of photosynthesis they take the sunlight or light source given and turn it into food for them selves to grow. This process takes place in the part of the plant called the chloroplast, that’s where chlorophyll is found. This whole process...
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...First, we need to get the material for the project. Here is the list: 1. A miniature board to mount the miniature base – it can be a piece of thick plywood. 2. Plastic container small 3. Miniature light bulb (low voltage, low current) 4. Pair of insulated solid copper wire 5. 2 Pair of alligator clips 6. Galvanized nails – (zinc electrodes) it can be found in hardware stores. 7. Copper wires – (copper electrodes) 8. Screws for the miniature base 9. Vinegar – 4% acidic solution Procedures: 1. Remove the plastic insulation of about one inch from both ends of the wires. 2. Connect the end of red wire to red alligator clips for both ends. Do the same for the black wire with the black alligator clips. 3. Loosen the screws on both contacts of the bulb holder. Place one end of the red alligator clip on right screw and connect the black alligator clip on the left screw. Secure and tighten the screws. 4. Screw the light bulb on the miniature base. 5. Connect the other end of the red alligator clip to the copper electrode. 6. Connect the other end of the black alligator clip to the zinc electrode. 7. Put the vinegar on the container with a minimal amount of the liquid. 8. Put a scotch tape on the top of the plastic container that will...
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...Zinc Chemistry Term Paper Dr. Joyce Sherpa Mt. Hood Community College By Julianne Sorensen Zinc comes from the German word Zinc or spelter. Zinc is a metallic chemical element. The symbol for Zinc is Zn and its atomic number is 30. There are a variety of zinc compounds that are commonly used, zinc carbonate, zinc gluconate (used as a dietary supplement), zinc chloride (used in deodorants), zinc pyrithione (anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory. (Wikipedia) Zinc is of great importance to public health as an essential mineral. Zinc deficiency’s affect about two billion people worldwide and is associated with many diseases. Zinc deficiencies were first recognized in 1961, when diets with low zinc bioavailability due to high phytic acid content were associated with adolescent nutritional dwarfism. Children are affected the most by Zinc deficiencies and it is estimated Zinc deficiencies contribute to about 800,000 deaths per year. It causes growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea. (Wikipedia) The role Zinc plays in growth and development, the immune response, neurological function, and reproduction are very important. Zinc’s function on a cellular level is divided into three sections; catalytic, structural and regulatory. Catalytic Enzymes depend on zinc for their ability to catalyze vital chemical reactions. Zinc plays an important role in...
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...allow some contaminants to be deposited into the sediments. For each of the three lakes, sediment samples are taken from ten different locations within each of the lakes. The sediment samples are examined for five particular metals. These are Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb). The purpose of this report is to find out what the level of each metal contaminant in each of the lakes and compare the level against Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality 2000 Volume 1 (ANZECC, 2000). Also to find the possible source of each metal tested. Results Table 1. Metals concentration in sediments from Knighton Lake, University of Waikato, 2000 | Ni | Cu | Zn | As | Pb | minimum (ppm) | 8 | 39 | 416 | 15 | 40 | Maximum (ppm) | 13 | 79 | 1515 | 25 | 170 | Mean (ppm) | 11 | 62 | 892 | 21. | 88 | standard Deviation | 1.65 | 12.32 | 317.93 | 3.27 | 44.23 | | | | | | | The Knighton Lake results when compared against the guidelines showed that the concentration of nickel and copper are below the trigger value and therefore are at an acceptable level. The results for the arsenic and lead are just above the trigger level. The zinc level however is at a very high level, its 484.8 ppm higher than the ISQH-High value in the ANZECC, 2000. Table 2. Metals concentration in sediments from Oranga Lake, University of Waikato, 2000 | Ni | Cu | Zn | As | Pb | minimum (ppm) | 10 | 68 | 1097 | 14 | 17 | ...
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...costing $2.7 billion to just ships alone it’s easy to see why corrosion must be prevented. (The cost to the world because of corrosion with ships at $2.7 billion.) The chemistry of rust. Rust is caused by a few factors; moisture is the leading cause of rust along with water and salt, all making boats the most common victims of rust. (4 Fe+ 3O2 + 6 H2O= 4 Fe(OH)3,) Both water and oxygen must be present for rust to start and with water and oxygen on its own enough for rust to start destroying the structure of a boat, but along with salt to the water, it’ll become evident quickly that rust can be a big problem for many boat owners but also industries that revolve around boats. Not only can water do damage, but the moisture in the sea air can wreak havoc on boats and also its components. Rust is also a problem with iron components and can make parts break. Steel has the same problem, but there are some of those elements that are added during the steel production that can help stabilise and prevent rust. For...
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...can be broken down naturally for a release of energy and generate enough power to run a digital clock. Problem Statement: Can ordinary potatoes power a digital clock for more than 24 hours? Variables: * Independent Variable – Potato * Dependent Variables – Clock, connection wires, copper and zinc plates Materials Needed: * Digital Clock with 2 Wires * 6.25” Connecting Wire * Transparent Tape * 2 4” Copper Strips * 2 4” Zinc Strips * 2 Potatoes (Oranges worked too) Background: How it works * A potato can be used as a battery by using strips of zinc and copper in the acidic juice of the potato to provide power to a digital clock. * With the zinc strip, the natural acid in the potato dissolves the zinc freeing electrons. * The copper wire uses the electrons that the zinc wire frees. * To obtain enough electrical current to power the clock, two potatoes must be used and they must be connected in a head-to-tail series. Steps: 1. Put potatoes into containers to stabilize them. 2. Insert Zinc strip from the clock into the left potato. 3. Insert Copper end of the loose strip into the same potato, 2 cm apart and parallel to the Zinc strip. 4. Insert Zinc end of the loose strip into the right potato. 5. Insert Copper strip from the clock into the same potato, 2 cm apart and parallel to the Zinc strip. 6. Your clock should be running! Data Table: Results * Two large potatoes run the digital...
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...www.elsevier.com/locate/resconrec Substance flow analysis of zinc in China Guo Xueyi ∗ , Zhong Juya, Song Yu, Tian Qinghua School of Metallurgical Science & Engineering, Central South University, South Street of Yuelu, 932, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China article info Article history: Received 16 January 2009 Received in revised form 23 July 2009 Accepted 26 July 2009 Available online 28 August 2009 Keywords: Zinc Substance flow analysis “STAF” model Life cycle Resource recycling abstract A material stock and flow (STAF) model was constructed to track the pathway of zinc in China, 2006, for the study of the industrial metabolism of a certain metal within a regional level. The primary flows of zinc include production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management. This paper traces the major flows of zinc from ore, to product, to potential secondary resource as it moves through the China’s economy over 1 year, and inventory data, and mass balance equations were used to determine the quantity of flows. The domestic ore produced was 3248.3 Gg and output of refined lead ingot was 3162.7 Gg in 2006. It was calculated that, in the production and manufacture and fabrication stage, the self-supply efficiency of zinc raw materials in 2006 is 87.58% and 94.92%, respectively. The results reveal that China has richer zinc raw resources. But only about 3.68% and 9.06% of the discarded zinc in the two stages were recycled, respectively. While zinc’s residence...
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...substances can be made to occur in such a way that some of the chemical energy is converted into a useful electricity. Since its invention and inception, battery has become the most common power source for many household and industries. The vinegar battery is constructed out from simple components or materials. Adding an amount of vinegar to a strip of different metals like copper, from copper wires and zinc, from nails can form a simple battery. This battery has a low amperage output which can supply power on a low amperage/low voltage device like a calculator. It is easy to construct. The following steps should be followed in constructing the vinegar battery: 1. Prepare all the materials needed like: * Vinegar * Strip of Zinc from nails * Strip of copper from copper wire * Vinegar container (non-metallic) * Multi-tester 2. Place the vinegar inside the container. Make sure that it is deep enough to suspend the two different metals on it. 3. Cut a piece of copper wire and suspend it into the vinegar container. 4. Suspend a piece of galvanized nail (Zinc) into the vinegar container. It should be apart from the copper wire. 5. Measure the output voltage using the multi-tester. Use an alligator clip to attach the copper wire to the positive pin and to the nails into the negative pin. Then record the voltage and the current generated. The good thing...
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...Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 1 - HOMEMADE BATTERIES Making and evaluating homemade batteries Author Ken Gadd, 4science, Stratford sub Castle, SP1 3YP, UK; ken@4science.org.uk Languages available English, Slovenian Summary Batteries power most of the portable electrical and electronic devices we use. Different types are available, suited for different uses. Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy. You can make a battery from a lemon, a piece of zinc and a piece of copper. So why don’t we use this instead of buying batteries from shops? In this activity you find out. You also explore other homemade batteries, including a seawater battery made by scientists in the BBC TV programme Rough Science. The purpose is to explore the potential of low technology homemade batteries as emergency power supplies. Activity type H Use of scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems Working in teams to solve problems Communication Resource/budget management Time and workload management Techniques Field Electrochemistry Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 2 - Time Practical lessons: 600 minutes Theory lessons: 120 minutes Out of class time: 360 minutes StandardBase procedures None StandardBase techniques None Other resources Zavod za šolstvo, Ljubljana (The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia), http://www.zrss.si/ Other resources are listed in the activity...
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...always been an important component of human diets, therefore technologies to enhance production efficiency and increase economic return for producers are important. Ruminant nutrition research has focused on strategies to improve animal growth performance and carcass quality. Different feed additives and mineral supplementation strategies have been used to influence several characteristics on ruminants and some are used to modify growth. Ractopamine Hydrochloride is one of them, and consists of a metabolic growth modifier used to increase animal performance and has been used in cattle legally since 2003 in the United States of America (Gruber et al., 2007). Therefore, utilization of feed additives including ractopamine in association with Zinc and other minerals should be evaluated and validated considering protein synthesis effect and also economical feasibility before any decision-making. Mineral Supplement utilization in USA confined cattle...
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...Marketing & Sales Organizational Structure 2. Structure of the industry: f. Size and growth rates g. Major players 3. Buyer behavior in the industry: h. Typical buying centre and characteristics for the industry i. Zinc Users around the world 4. Market segments and positioning: j. Market segments in the industry k. Segments addressed by the subject company l. Positioning adopted in each segment 5. Products / Services strategies 6. Channel and Distribution strategies 7. Pricing Strategies: m. Pricing determinants for industry n. Pricing strategies of company 8. Place 9. Consolidated SWOT analysis of company’s marketing operations 10. Financial Scorecard 11. Operational Scorecard 12. Recommendations for the future 1. Introduction to the Company History * An integrated mining and resources producer of zinc, lead, silver and cadmium. * Hindustan Zinc (HZL) was incorporated from the erstwhile Metal Corporation of India on January 10, 1966 as a Public Sector Undertaking. * A subsidiary of Vedanta Resources PLC. The world's the world's largest integrated producer of zinc and second largest zinc producer and the third largest Zinc smelter in the world and are on the verge of breaking into the top 10 global Silver producers.. Present Status in Industry Vedanta an over US $ 8.2 billion, Vedanta Resources plc (“Vedanta”) is a London listed FTSE 100 diversified metals and mining...
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