Many people will experience heartburn and acid reflux at some point in their life, but reoccurring acid reflux is a condition called GERD. GERD stands for gastroesophegeal reflux disease. “GERD presents a collection of unpleasant clinical symptoms and histologic alterations resulting from the chronic, excessive backflow of gastric contents (refluxate) into the esophagus. Among other manifestations, GERD may cause frequent or daily heartburn and esophageal injury” (The Nurse Practitioner). It can
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Adult Hodgkin lymphoma, also called Hodgkin disease, is a cancer that happens when the white blood cells that make up your lymphatic system turn into cancer cells. Hodgkin lymphoma often affects the lymph nodes. It can spread from lymph node to lymph node and to areas of the body where there is lymph tissue, including to the center of the bones (bone marrow). Advanced Hodgkin lymphoma can spread into blood vessels and be carried almost anywhere in your body. CAUSES The cause is not known. RISK FACTORS
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. There are many differences in JNC VII and JNC VIII one noted difference than practitioners are likely is ease of use. The new recommendations seem to be easier for practitioners to use and implement into care (global research). Research for JNC VIII recommendations seem to be very evidence based, expert opinion, and systematically reviewed whereas in JNC VII recommendations seem to be very expert based (JNC). The initial treatment choice for JNC 7 was thiazides, this recommendation has not been
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It does this through the blood streams which contain red blood cells which collect and transport the oxygen to the cells. Bronchitis is a disease that can affect the respiratory system. There are two types of bronchitis; acute which affect you for 2 to 3 days and chronic bronchitis which can affect
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Abstract Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is the most common disease of the blood vessels. Affecting about 8.5 million people in the United States of America, PVD is more prevalent in older adults, smokers, diabetics, and people with high blood pressure. Individuals who have a family history of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and stroke are also at increased risk. In diabetics and older adults, PVD is the leading cause of disability. Although PVD can be asymptomatic
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The benefits of the cardio-respiratory fitness in everyday life The benefits of having a healthy heart is that oxygenated blood will be pumped around the body consistently with no arrhythmia. The benefit of having healthy lungs is that you are able to access the whole of your lung to be able to inhale as much oxygen as possible when doing sport. If you unhealthy lungs from smoking, you are susceptible to asthma and lung cancer (90% of lung cancers are from smoking cigarettes.) Having asthma will
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or rapid compression of the heart due to the pericardial accumulation of fluid, pus, blood, clots, or gas, as a result of effusion, trauma, or rupture of the heart. The primary abnormality is rapid or slow compression of all cardiac chambers as a result of increasing intrapericardial pressure which prevents atrial and ventricular filling, suppressing cardiac output and in turn, precipitating a fall in systemic blood pressure [2]. Stab wounds produce a small tear in the pericardium itself which seals
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The first successful closure of an intra cardiac defect was performed in May 6, 1953. In 1952, the cage ball valve was used to close atrial septal defect, by being placed in the the ascending thoracic aorta. The cage ball valve used methacrylate tubes for arterial replacement. This made the subject have a ball valve. The chamber contained a methacrylate ball which was descended into the the aorta during a cross clamp period through fixation rings. There were a lot of problems with this model. There
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does not allow sufficient blood and oxygen to flow to the body and can therefore cause serious consequences. Strokes, heart attacks, and heart failure can occur without treatment. Plaque can also break off and cause blood clots. Other symptoms are general pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and muscle weakness. Doctors can check for a weakened pulse, aneurism, or slow wound healing to diagnose a person with arteriosclerosis. Patients are treated with medicines that lower blood pressure and clotting factors
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40% of all neonatal cardiac mortality. There are three main types of HLHS: 1)Aortic atresia with mitral atresia: most severe, retrograde blood flow, and systemic output is entirely PDA dependent. 2- Aortic atresia with patent mitral valve: inflow without outflow, resulting in LV hypertrophy. 3-Aortic valve stenosis with patent mitral valve: antegrade blood flow, mild end of the HLHS spectrum.
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