Lepirudin, a generic name for Refludan, is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Lepirudin is a hirudin that is derived from the salivary glands of Hirudo medicinalis, which is a medicinal leech that had anticoagulant effects. Hirudin was described and named by John Berry Haycraft in 1884. Hirudin is very stable under extreme pH and at high temperature and it is soluble in water but not in alcohol or acetone. It is produced from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through recombinant biotechnology and as a
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The structure and function of the respiratory system is vital in terms of keeping one’s body healthy. Arguably, the respiratory system is one of the more important systems in the human body, because it allows breathing (the process of inhalation and expiration) to happen, thereby allowing bodily functions to happen. Although one doesn’t think about breathing to often; breathing in some circumstances is normally unconscious effort, it’s a joint accomplishment between the structures of various organs
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What is hemophilia? Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder where your blood doesn’t clot normally, which is also hereditary. Hemophilia occurs because certain clotting factors are missing from the blood or they simply do not work. This disorder can cause bleeding for a long time from a simple cut or wound. Spontaneous internal bleeding also can occur in the joints and in the muscles. Hemophilia mostly affects males more than females, this is not to say that it is not seen or uncommon in of females
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If the acid base becomes imbalanced, illness can occur, two types of illness are metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when the body has too little acid, resulting pH levels in the body becoming too high. It affects the kidney’s ability to maintain the acid base balance and usually happens due to excessive vomiting or an overactive adrenal gland. It is treated by giving the body the electrolytes it needs along with water. Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body has too much
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Aortic Dissection An aortic dissection is a serious condition in which the inner layer of the aorta, the large blood vessel dividing off the heart, tears. Blood flows through the tear, producing the inner and middle layers of the aorta to separate (dissect). If the blood-filled channel breaks through the outside aortic wall, aortic dissection is often deadly (mayoclinic.org, 2014). Aortic dissection is very uncommon and usually happens in males in their 60’s and 70’s. Aortic dissection is sometimes
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is characterized as the decrease in performance of one (for the most part the left ventricle) or both (left and right) ventricles during diastole. Diastole is the cardiac cycle phase during which the heart is relaxing and filling with approaching blood that is being returned from the body through the inferior (IVC) and superior (SVC) venae cavae to the right atrium and from lungs through pulmonary veins to the left atrium. In diastolic failure, if the patient has symptoms, there is a pathologic cause
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history on hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. After one hour, his blood pressure and urine output decrease. There is no sign of ischaemia(restriction in blood supply to tissues causing shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism) shown by his ECG. However, his haemodynamic profiling show that he is experiencing tachycardia with pulse rate 105 beat per minute. He was given dopamine to increase his blood pressure to normal level. The clinician however switch dopamine to dobutamine
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Ventricular Septal Defect, Pediatric A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole in a child's heart. The hole is in the wall (septum) between the bottom chambers of the heart (ventricles). A VSD can change the normal flow of blood in the body. A VSD is often found during a routine exam in the first couple of months of your child's life. The size and location of the hole will determine whether your child has any symptoms. Small VSDs may not cause symptoms and may go away on their own. Some larger
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Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies, including metabolic disorders, which are present at the time of birth. Congenital anomalies are important causes of childhood death, chronic illness, and disability in many countries. Congenital anomalies are also known as birth defects, congenital disorders or congenital malformations.1 WHO estimated that congenital anomalies were responsible for 2.7 million neonatal deaths in 193 countries in 2010. Congenital
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difference between CABG and PCI procedures is that patients undergoing CABG must be placed on a heart-lung machine. Major vessels going in and out of the heart (vena cava, aorta) are clamped off, and blood flow is diverted to the heart lung machine. The heart lung machine temporarily takes over oxygenation and blood circulation duties, while the heart is stopped (induced cardiac arrest) so that the surgeons may perform the grafting procedure. The use of a heart-lung machine and induced cardiac arrest are
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