...RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATION * Pulmonary ventilation * Moving air into + out of the lungs * External respiration- DOES NOT MEAN EXPIRATION OR EXHALATION * Gas exchange between the lungs + the blood (the aveoli and the blood) * Gas Transport * O2 + CO2 between the lungs + tissues * Internal respiration- internally! DOES NOT MEAN INHALATION OR INSPIRATION * Gas exchange between systemic blood vessels + tissues * (Additional functions: Smell, Speech) CONDUCTING VS. RESPIRATORY ZONES * Conducting: Passages for air to flow through (everything except those structures that involve gas exchange, no exchange across the wall, just moves air in and out) * Cleanse, humidify and warm the air as it moves through these passages * Respiratory: Gas exchange function NASAL CAVITY * High blood supply * Warms air * Mucous membran * Moistens air * Immunity (mucus, lysozyme, antibodies) * Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (it moves things, like dirty mucous and mucous traps things so that you can either swallow it or blow it out of your nose) * Moves contaminated mucus toward throat * Hair * Filter air * Olfactory receptors * Smell * Contributes to speech sounds PHARYNX * Funnel-shaped tube that connects to the: * Nasal cavity and mouth superiorly * Larynx and esophagus inferiorly * Food and/or air passageway * Divided into 3 regions ...
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...Anatomy and Physiology of Respiratory System Overview Cells in the body require oxygen to survive. Vital functions of the body are carried out as the body is continuously supplied with oxygen. Without the respiratory system exchange of gases in the alveoli will not be made possible and systemic distribution of oxygen will not be made possible. Thetransportation of oxygen in the different parts of the body is accomplished by the blood of the cardiovascular system. However, it is the respiratory system that carries in oxygen to the body and transports oxygen from the tissue cells to the blood. Thus, cardiovascular system and respiratory system works hand in hand with each other. A problem in the cardiovascular system would affect the other and vice versa. Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System Nose The nose is the only external part of the respiratory system and is the part where the air passes through. During inhalation and exhalation, air enters the nose by passing through the external nares or nostrils. Nasal cavity is found inside the nose and is divided by a nasal septum. The receptors for the sense of smell, olfactory receptors are found in the mucosa of the slit-like superior part of the nasal cavity which is located beneath the ethmoid bone. Respiratory mucosa lines the rest of the nasal cavity and rests on a rich network of thin-walled veins that warms the air passing by. Important information about nose is the presence of the sticky mucus that is produced...
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...It slows the air flow down. And when it slowed the air flow down, it will allow time for the nasal cavity to filter and humidify the incoming air. Because the air in our environment is much drier than the inside of our body. So when we breathe air in, if we didn't humidify a little bit, it would potentially dry out our nasal passages. So as soon as we breathe the air in, the nasal cavity will moisten it up, filter it, and then send it down to the deeper parts of the respiratory tract. So again, those meatuses act as sped bumps. They're going to kick up turbulence in the air to sallow us to filter and humidify better. And we know that the air we take in is humidified because if breathed into your hand. And next we have the hard and soft palate, which you should still be familiar with from API. The hard palate if what we call the roof of our mouth. And the palate here is made up of the maxillary bone and the palatine bone. And then hanging off the hard palate, we have the soft palate, which is made up of cartilage. That's why it's called soft because it's much more flexible. Hard palate, maxillary bone and palatine bone. And then soft...
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...Digestive and Respiratory System Worksheet Name: Before answering the questions below, log in to ADAM and view the clinical animations for Peristalsis and Gas Exchange. Remember, you may use our text, our discussions, and the internet to write your answers, but be sure to write your answers in your own words and to use correct citations where appropriate! Cutting and Pasting your responses will result in a Zero for this assignment! 1. Trace the path of an oxygen molecule from the air outside you to your tissues. Nose --> Mouth --> Pharynx --> Larynx --> Trachea --> (LUNGS: Bronchus --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli), then back out. Air enters the body through the nose and then moves into spaces called the nasal cavities. (Hair and cilia trap dust and debris and Air is warmed and moistened) Some of the cells lining the nasal cavities produce mucus. This sticky material moistens the air and keeps the lining from drying out. Mucus also traps particles such as dust. The cells that line the nasal cavities have cilia, tiny hair like extensions that can move together in a sweeping motion. Next, air enters the pharynx. The pharynx opens to two different passages. One is connected to the esophagus, wherein food and fluids are directed and the other is linked to the trachea where the air is passed through to the lungs. From the pharynx, air enters into the larynx (the voice box). The larynx is part of the upper respiratory tract that has two main functions: a passageway...
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...Pharynx- Pharynx is a tube like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx. Pharynx is nothing but throat. It is divided into nasal, oral, and laryngeal pharynx. The nasopharynx is located posterior to the nose and is above the soft palate. The oropharynx houses the faucial, or palatine, tonsils. The laryngopharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage. The entrance of the larynx is formed by the epiglottis. 4. Larynx- The larynx, or voice box, connects the pharynx to the trachea and consists of carilage, ligaments, connective tissue, muscles, and the vocal cords. The cartilage provides a rigid structural framework for the larynx and trachea below, making sure that the airways is open at all time. Well as you probably already know it is part of the respiratory system and it is your voice box. Your larynx is where sound is, well, produceded. Your larynx also takes in air and sends it to your lungs. 5. Trachea- The trachea is also known as the windpipe. It is a bony tube, which connects the nose and mouth to the lungs, hence is an important part of the respiratory system in vertebrates. function is to assist in breathing as grown frogs do not have gills, 6. Lungs- A frogs lungs provide adult frogs the ability to breath not only through their skin, but to also be able to inhale...
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...The Structure and function of the Respiratory system The respiratory system is to enable the body achieve successful gas exchange, the system is specialize in properties allowing this process to function adequately. Firstly the Trachea which is your wind pipe has the structure of a long tube with strong C-rings of cartilage running down it, the reason of this is so that when you are laying down or moving organs such as your lungs don’t put pressure on your trachea as this would block the air flowing through this structure allows the function of the trachea to remain open at all times allowing us to breathe. The trachea along with the bronchi are all lined with ciliated cells, these cells have hair like structure which all rhythmically move in a sweeping motion. This is then supported by Goblet cells which produce Mucus so that dirt, bacteria and dust can stick to it, this then is supported by the ciliated cells which sweeps the mucus up the trachea to the epiglottis to be swallowed into the stomach and the pathogens then killed in the stomach or to be coughed out. This structure allows the function of disposing of bacteria and foreign pathogens as well as dirt so that it can be removed from our body. It’s important in the respiratory system that the structure allows efficient gas exchange. This is done by things such as the alveoli as this only has walls which are one cell thick which allows rapid diffusion rates. The alveoli also has a large service area because it increases...
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...ll animals breathe, that is to say they take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. This gaseous exchange is called respiration. Respiration can be defined as process by which living beings obtain oxygen to oxidize their reserve digested food in order to release energy. The organs which help in intake or supply of oxygen to the tissues and remove excess Co2 form respiratory system. Breathing in frogs are of three types: 1. Cutaneous respiration (Respiration through skin) 2. Respiration through lining of bucco-pharyngeal cavity 3. Pulmonary respiration (Respiration through lungs) 1) Cutaneous respiration: It is an important mode of respiration in frog which occurs all the time whether the frog is on land or in water. It is the only mode of respiration when the frog in dormancy period, i.e during hibernation and aestivation. The skin of frog has good supply of blood and this is provided by cutaneous artery. Moreover the skin is very thin and do not possesses any structure that may prevent the diffusion of the dissolved oxygen from water into blood. To carry on cutaneous respiration frog keeps its skin moist by taking occasional plunges into nearby water. The skin is also kept moist by mucus secreted by mucous glands of skin. Mechanism: Oxygen first dissolves in the film of water over the skin and then passes through the epidermal cells and capillary walls into the blood. On the other hand carbon dioxide passes out from blood into the water. 2) Respiration through lining...
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... |Definition |Use the term in a sentence as it applies to the health care | | | |industry. | |Digestive System |Body system responsible for digestion, |Antacids are often used to treat issues with the digestive | | |absorption, and ingestion of foods to |system. | | |supply the body with nutrients. | | |Obesity |Characterized by the excessive amount of |The prevalence of obesity is rising in the united states | | |body fat that has accumulated to the point|causing a rise in health complications. | | |of potential health complications. | | |Circulatory System |The system that moves blood through the |The circulatory system contains cells that aid in fighting | | |body. Consists of the heart, capillaries |infection. | | |and blood. | ...
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...Biology 13A Lab #12: The Respiratory System Lab #12 Table of Contents: • Expected Learning Outcomes . . . . 94 • Introduction . . . . . . 95 • Activity 1: Structures of the Respiratory System 96 • Activity 2: Measuring Respiration . . . 96 • Activity 3: Film: “Deadly Ascent” . . . 100 [pic] Introduction The organs of the respiratory system include the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, respiratory tree, and lungs. They function to transport air to the air sacs of the lungs (the alveoli) where gas exchange occurs. The process of transporting and exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the body cells is respiration. The process of taking in air is known as inspiration, while the process of blowing out air is called expiration. A respiratory cycle consists of one inspiration and one expiration. The point of respiration is to allow you to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide, and regulate the blood’s pH level. Respiration rate (breaths per minute) and depth (volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath) varies due to changes in blood chemistry that are monitored by the brain. For example, when you exercise, demand for oxygen increases because the cells require more ATP. In turn, more carbon dioxide is produced by cells and diffuses to the blood. The rise in carbon dioxide leads to a decrease in pH, causing the blood to be more acidic. The brain is especially sensitive to pH levels; as pH levels...
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...2. Discuss your dissection of the respiratory system of the fetal pig by doing the following:DONE a. Compare the structure of the trachea to the structure of the esophagus. The trachea is along the mid-ventral portion of the neck in the thoracic cavity. It has horizontal bands. The esophagus is located and lies dorsal to the trachea and extends through the thorax on the left side. It does not have bands. b. Describe how the structures of the respiratory system (i.e., trachea, bronchi, and lungs) relate to their functions. The trachea has cartilage rings that support the trachea to keep the airway open. The trachea carries oxygen into the lungs via the bronchi. (Cont.) The bronchi transports air from the trachea to the lungs. The bronchi...
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...HASPI Medical Anatomy & Physiology 14a Lab Activity Name(s): ________________________ Period: _________ Date: ___________ The Respiratory System A healthy respiratory system is crucial to an individual’s overall health, and respiratory distress is often one of the first indicators of a life-threatening illness. The function of the respiratory system is to exchange gases between the external air and the body. The lungs are the primary organ of the respiratory system that performs this function. The lungs take up a large portion of the thoracic cavity and are actually attached to the surface of the thoracic cavity by a sticky pleural membrane. The pleural membrane produces a liquid called surfactant that allows the lung to stick to the ribs. On occasion, air gets caught in the space between the lungs and the thoracic cavity and can cause the lungs to collapse. This may be caused by trauma, infection, or can occur spontaneously. The amount of oxygen needed by the body, and carbon dioxide produced by the body, can vary greatly depending on an individual’s activity level. Exercise can increase the need for energy produced by cellular respiration, and therefore the oxygen demanded by the body, by 25 times. An increase in the rate of respiration can meet this demand. https://www.lung.ca/children/images/grades7_12/the_r espitatory_system.gif Process of Respiration Step Process The intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs up, and the diaphragm contracts and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9...
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...Respiratory System What is the definition of… Where does each occur? • Breathing- moves O2 into the body and CO2 out of the body; occurs in mouth/lungs • External Respiration- gas exchange in lungs; O2 into blood and CO2 into lungs • Gas Transport- transport of O2 to the body and CO2 to lungs; occurs in blood • Internal respiration- gas exchange at tissues/CO2 in the blood What are the structures in the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system? • Upper Respiratory System -nose and pharynx • Lower Respiratory System- epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs (bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli) What is the function of the following in breathing? • Larynx- voice box and adjustable entryway to trachea • Epiglottis- covers larynx when swallowing food and water • Nose- filters and cleans air • Trachea- passageway for air • Alveoli- covered with capillaries for gas exchange • Lungs-contain bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli • Bronchioles- smaller tube than bronchi • Pharynx- passageway for air • Bronchi- trachea splits in two and leads to bronchioles What is the correct order for the flow of air through the above structures? Nose ( pharynx ( epiglottis ( larynx ( trachea ( bronchi ( bronchioles( alveoli What does swallowing close? Epiglottis How does the position of the vocal cords change during quiet breathing and during speech? • Quiet breathing- vocal chords to the side • Speech- vocal chords stretched across larynx Which...
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...aquatic Insects and fish all require oxygen (02) to survive, and therefore all carry out gas exchange. They have different ways of carrying this out, due to the different environments in which they live and the different concentration of oxygen in these environments. Each group has adaptations which have been developed to help them carry out gas exchange in order to survive. Gas exchange in aquatic mammals Gas exchange in mammals occurs through breathing (the use of muscles to assist in the exchange of gases by moving air or water over the gas exchange surface) through the mouth and nostrils. The mechanism of breathing (Ventilation) provides a continual supply of fresh air to the lungs and helps to maintain a large diffusion gradient for respiratory gases across the gas exchange surface. Oxygen must be delivered regularly to supply the needs of respiring cells. Carbon dioxide, which is produced as a result of cellular metabolism, must be quickly removed from the body. In this...
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...What is a Pneumothorax? Joshua Calabrese Persuasive Writing - CS 007 A38 Christopher Jason December 9th , 2016 What is a Pneumothorax? If a person is asked what the most important organ in the human body is, they will often reply with many difference vague answers. However, in most cases the heart and lungs are mentioned first. The heart and lungs are two crucial organs in your body, they work hand in hand by supplying your body oxygen through direct and constant blood flow. The heart and lungs are the two organs that belong in the thoracic cavity. They are protected by a cage of bones, cartilage and two massive pectoral muscles. This is because, they are both main components of the circulatory and respiratory system (Thibodeau, 2015)....
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...Critically Evaluate the Training of Mo Farah and Explain the Physiological Changes that will occur. (20) Mo Farah had to go through tough training to become the athlete he is today. Due to Mo’s type of events, (10,000 and 5,000 metres) he needs a high aerobic capacity and VO2 max. Aerobic capacity is how well the lungs, heart and the blood vessels work together. And VO2 Max is the maximum oxygen consumption attainable during maximal work. VO2 max can only be improved in 10 – 20% of the population, with training. The training that is best suited to improving VO2 max is: Continuous Training which is about running at moderate to high intensity. Athletes who use continuous training will become aerobically fitter and will be able to train at a higher intensity for a longer time. Another type of training that helps improve VO2 max is altitude training. When training at altitude, the amount off red blood cells is reduced and activity allows the body to cope with less oxygen for activity. When back at sea level, red blood cells become more efficient and are able to use oxygen more efficiently for exercise. It is undoubted that Mo Farah has a high VO2 max. Ways to measure this is using the multi-stage fitness test. This is beep that is a set amount of seconds apart and as the levels increase the time between beeps decreases. The higher the level the athlete gets, the higher their VO2 max. People like Mo Farah will most likely beat the multi-stage fitness test due to their highly...
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