...HALAL MARKETS IN CHINA: POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES Isa Ma1 ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate Halal markets in China including Halal market potentials and challenges in China through analysis of Chinese Muslim populations (market size), purchasing powers, geographic locations (market places), and Chinese Muslim living situations in China (challenges). This paper also combated some problems relating to Halal markets in China and provided some basic information about Chinese Muslims and on Halal markets in China for potential Halal marketers. Keywords: Chinese Muslims and Halal markets in China 1. INTRODUCTION As companies head towards a global market that deals with people from many different cultural backgrounds, it has become essential for marketers to understand culture’s influence on consumer behaviours. The recognition of the importance of culture on consumer behaviours has led to an increasing amount of research across cultures (Sojka and Tansuhaj 1995). More significantly, many studies have succeeded in establishing links between culture and consumer behaviours (McCracken 1986). As the cultural variables and differences increase, the number of communication misunderstandings also increase. Barnlund (1989) suggests that a way to approach cultural understanding is to undertake a careful description of how people relate to one another in search of the norms that regulate social acts or behaviours. The most powerful elements of cultures are those that...
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...States and China have very large, established cultures that are known throughout the international community. Though there are many differences between these two vast cultures, it is precisely these diverse factors that shape the cultural atmosphere of each nation. In this paper I will discuss the similarities and differences between these two cultures using first-hand accounts in the form of a personal interview and factual evidence backed by research. Language Language is a universal form of communication, using different symbols and/or sounds to portray emotions, thoughts, or information; the meaning behind each language is unique to the culture of origin. In China, the predominant language – at about 94% of the population – is Mandarin, which has been influenced over the years by various forms of dialect (Ebrey, 1996). “In schools, I was taught both Mandarin (as a primary language) and English (as a secondary language).” (Haruno, S., personal communication, September 25, 2015). The U.S. is very similar in this manner, as we have adopted English as an official language, while simultaneously harboring various ethnic groups that may speak other languages. Language plays a major role in both of these nations as it is reflective of the way people in each respective society live, believe, and function. Religion Another factor that contributes to the diversity of cultures is religion. Like many other countries, China is a multi-religious nation, comprised mainly of Islam,...
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...Islam and science The road to renewal THE sleep has been long and deep. In 2005 Harvard University produced more scientific papers than 17 Arabic-speaking countries combined. The world’s 1.6 billion Muslims have produced only two Nobel laureates in chemistry and physics. Both moved to the West: the only living one, the chemist Ahmed Hassan Zewail, is at the California Institute of Technology. By contrast Jews, outnumbered 100 to one by Muslims, have won 79. The 57 countries in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference spend a puny 0.81% of GDP on research and development, about a third of the world average. America, which has the world’s biggest science budget, spends 2.9%; Israel lavishes 4.4%. Many blame Islam’s supposed innate hostility to science. Some universities seem keener on prayer than study. Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, for example, has three mosques on campus, with a fourth planned, but no bookshop. Rote learning rather than critical thinking is the hallmark of higher education in many countries. The Saudi government supports books for Islamic schools such as “The Unchallengeable Miracles of the Qur’an: The Facts That Can’t Be Denied By Science” suggesting an inherent conflict between belief and reason. Many universities are timid about courses that touch even tangentially on politics or look at religion from a non-devotional standpoint. Pervez Hoodbhoy, a renowned Pakistani nuclear scientist, introduced a course on science and world affairs, including...
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...Philosophy Paper What should really be blamed for terrorist incidents? The article written by Deepa Kumar and the debate between Ben Affleck and Sam Harris mainly discuss the issue of Islamophobia, whether it is justified or not by the liberals. The article depicts how the author critiqued the trend against Islamic religion due to the terrorists and warfare in four ways. The author stated that the Islamic religion should not be blamed for violence just because of a few terrorists. All the religions have a similar history of violence, so that even a barbaric history could not be the reason to claim the whole religion is violent and evil. Otherwise, all the religions should be classified as inherently violent. Furthermore, the author stressed that there should be no distinguishment among different religions. The intrinsic value for all religions is similar, which is to give people belief. Neither the Catholicism nor the West is superior because the strong power of the western countries and desires to gain resources according to the author. The aim of the author is to point out the Islamophobia is not justified, and it accounts to the discrimination and racism towards Islam and Muslims. Similar views can be found in the debate, although the debate is more focused on the recent ISIS issue rather that the Iraq war. Ben Affleck holds the view that the terrorist activities should be only associated with few extremists in the religion, and it is nothing to do with the religion and...
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...profitability and employment is insignificant. This is a hot topic for policy makers in both developed and developing countries as a raise in minimum wage affects the economy in terms of economic growth, standards of living for the poor, survival of businesses and employment. A lot of research and literature has shown that a hike in minimum wages do not particularly affect the developed nations but the same hikes in developing countries can cause damage to firms depending on the size of the firms and their profitability. This paper attempts to show that the garments sector in Bangladesh (Ready made Garments Industry) faces the same dilemma. Since the Savar tragedy in late 2013 where a garment factory, Rana Plaza, collapsed which killed more than 1,100 people and injured and more than 2,500 people injured, garment workers and civil society demanded a raise of minimum wage from 3000 tk to 5,300 tk every month. This tragedy and similar events in developing countries lead us to think how businesses especially in the developing countries where wage rates and productivity are low can operate if minimum wage is suddenly increased threefold and why workers in those countries work under horrible conditions. This paper will also compare the situation of Bangladesh to other manufacturing countries and state why Bangladesh is different by looking at existing literature on the topic of effects of employment and profitability in firms due to rise in minimum wage. Overview of Bangladesh’s...
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...S.W.O.T Analysis in Project Management Md. Mashreki Islam Sami Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract The main objective of this paper is to give an extensive knowledge on SWOT Analysis. In this paper SWOT analysis is discussed in the case of project management. SWOT analysis stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Such analysis can be a part in a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place or person. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. The technique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford Research Institute now called SRI International, in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies. Performing SWOT analysis allows setting achievable goals or objectives for the organization. SWOT analysis is important for organizations to plan future steps that are to be taken for development or to compete with other companies. Through SWOT analysis, a company or organization come across advantages, disadvantages, possibilities, capabilities and problems that they may face in a project takes visual. In this paper different sectors are considered where SWOT analysis is done successfully. Some other techniques of analysis such as Benchmarking, PESTLE...
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...The Hong Kong Polytechnic University MGT682 Independent Studies Corruption in China: Effects on Economic Development and Remedial Policies Thomas Wu 02715615G August 6, 2003 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University MGT 682 Independent Studies Corruption and Bribery in China Thomas Wu 02715615G August 6, 2003 Table of Content RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC.........................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................3 OBJECTIVES AND HYPOT HESIS.......................................................................................................4 NATURE OF RESEARCH.....................................................................................................................5 RIVAL THEORIES.................................................................................................................................5 “GREASE-THE-WHEELS” THEORY .........................................................................................................5 MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIUMS ......................................................................................................................7 LOGIC MODEL......................................................................................................................................8 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY..............................
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...Road Legacy: The Spread of Buddhism and Islam*” is written by Xinru Liu, a professor at the College of New Jersey. Xinru Liu is an associate professor of history on that campus. He has written many other peer reviewed history journals in his past. This specific article of his that I chose was a part of The Journal of World History in 2011 and was published by The University of Hawai’i Press. It was first presented at the 2009 Numata Conference “Buddhism and Islam,” in May of 2009 at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. A professor by the name of Lynda Shaffer has been Liu’s coauthor and the first reader of his writings for the past decade. She also edited, revised this article as well. This article endeavors the challenge of examining...
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...their true friend. In reality, this is at least true among Malaysian women. The reason is, other than to enhance women’s look, the jewellery also could be functioned as collateral whenever cash is needed by using pawn broking financing. As we can see, pawnshop has become a common activity to Malaysian especially among the Malays community and has an overwhelming responses among the poor and middle class in Malaysia to have financial sources quickly and easily. On that basis, many pawnshops and pawnbrokers exist to offer this service. Pawnbroking is a business of advancing loans to customers who have pledged their personal belongings as security. The pawnbroker's trade is one of the oldest known, having existed 2,000–3,000 years ago in China, as well as in ancient Greece and Rome. 1.1.1 CURRENT SCENARIO Among the current scenarios that exist and practiced in our country these days are: * There are many financial institutions which had offered services by practicing conventional financial transaction which are totally contradict with Islamic thought and teaching. * There are fairly substantial numbers of illegal services in finance field and unregistered with authority, in which some people do not recognize or...
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...Breaking India’s Caste System RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS Christianity Islam Country Focus: Islamic Capitalism in Turkey Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Management Focus: DMG-Shanghai LANGUAGE Spoken Language Unspoken Language EDUCATION CULTURE AND THE WORKPLACE CULTURAL CHANGE FOCUS ON MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Cross-Cultural Literacy Culture and Competitive Advantage SUMMARY CRITICAL THINKING AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CLOSING CASE: Wal-Mart’s Foreign Expansion Learning Objectives 1. Know what is meant by the culture of a society. 2. Identify the forces that lead to differences in social culture. 4. Identify the business and economic implications of differences in culture. 5. Understand how differences in social culture influence values in the workplace. 6. Develop an appreciation for the economic and business implications of cultural change. Chapter Summary This chapter begins by introducing the concept of culture. The determinants of culture are identified, which include religion, political philosophy, economic philosophy, education, language, and social structure. The first half of the chapter focuses on the influence of social structure, religion, language, and education on culture. The section on religion explains the economic implications of Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. In addition, Geert Hofstede’s model of how a society’s...
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...lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. | 5 | Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. | 1. Introduction. Provide a brief focus statement about your paper and what the reader can expect. 2. Global World Economy. Discuss the importance of globalization in today’s global economy. 3. Cultural and Political Differences. Discuss cultural and political differences that global managers consider when expanding abroad. Are values and ethics different in each culture? Explain. 4. Going Global Strategies. Explain why companies are forced to expand globally. Discuss possible strategies for competing globally. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies and policies that firms use to enter foreign markets. What are the main factors that influence a firm’s decision of market entry? 5. Suggestions and Recommendations. Provide practical and specific recommendations and suggestions for managers and expatriate to expand in this country of your choice for this project. 6. Summary. Provide a few concluding paragraphs about what your paper discussed and how it can be beneficial for practitioners. Introduction This paper will The New Global Economy Hill (2011) defines globalization as the multifaceted shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. It includes the globalization of markets and the globalization of production. The...
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...on Bangladesh becomes apparent when the Bangladesh Development Forum (previously known as Paris Consortium) meeting is held. This year this meeting was held on May 16 and 17 in Dhaka. In these meetings Finance Minister, Saifur Rahman, met the so-called ‘development partners’ (IMF/World Bank and others) who gathered to pledge money (loan and aid) to help develop the nation. The meetings were hailed a great success as $2 billion in aid were promised to Bangladesh over 3 years. Our governments boast at the amount of funds they can manage from the donor agencies. They present their ability to get money from these donor agencies as a sign of their brinkmanship and claim that this is the only way to solve the nation’s economic problems. In this paper, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Bangladesh exposes the oppressive capitalist nature of the budget and shows how the entire economy of Bangladesh, through a complex package of measures, is being brought under the total grip of the imperialists. ! " # $ % & ' Every year when the budget is presented, one of the most common discussions is that revenue target has not been achieved. Tax is the main source of revenue in Bangladesh (around 95% of total Government of Bangladesh GOB revenue), especially import duties (around 66% of tax revenue). Contribution of VAT (including import) currently stands above 40%. In the name of reform of tax regimes and restructuring of the tax administration, the GOB reduces the duties on luxury items such as new cars...
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...that is wrong. Business and Religion, these two are deeply related and difference in religion can influence the way of operating business and also the way of communication. Religion is one of the important key factors that we all need to know when we try to step into global business and dealing with people from other country or the other culture. There are countless religions around the globe but there are eleven major religions around the world. Those are Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism, Jainism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam and Sikhism. 2.1 billion people around the world believe in Christianity, which ranked most number of adherents and Islam is the 2nd most and has 1.5 billion adherents. In some country, religion and the way of people living, including business and communication are tightly related. And most of the countries have the major religion, which most population believes. In this research, you will see example of 4 countries and their religion and showing how their religion is influencing their way of people living and the way of business and communication. First example is United States of America and Christianity. 224,457,000 people are the adherent of Christianity in USA. This is about 85% of USA’s population. There are cases that often company incorporates Jesus' examples into the business building process. Many firms believe that the one business management skill you need most is integrity. And in the Bible, integrity is one of...
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...Jeremy Klee International Business 02W & CRW Research Paper 9/25/13 Globalization has been like an epidemic spreading across the business world in the last few decades. There is no denying that the true pioneers of spreading their business internationally have been the fast food industry. No other industry has had the perfect combination of staying true to its business roots but at the same time adapting themselves to the different countries they operate in better than the fast food industry. No matter where you go in the world you can get a Big Mac and it will taste exactly the same as it does here, but there are also many different options that customers in the United States would have no familiarity with. As will be obvious throughout this paper McDonalds is really the king of adapting its business to the various cultures of the countries they operate in. The top ten fast food chains with revenue made outside the United States from ten thru one are Dairy Queen, Dunkin Donuts, Wendy’s, Starbucks, Domino’s Pizza, Subway, Pizza Hut, Burger King, KFC, and McDonalds at number one with revenue total of 44 billion (Huffington Post Mar 12 2013). Some say that fast food chains that adapt themselves too much to other cultures are losing what made their businesses successful in the first place the idea that people in these for foreign countries eat at these restaurants to get a taste of American life not to eat the same thing they eat every day. That is really not the point...
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...Religions of the World Lesson 4 - Buddhism & Sikhism Assignment 4 1. Write a minimum of 500 word essay concerning an overview and summary of the Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 of your text. Discuss the knowledge you gained concerning the major topics and what confusion or uncertainty may have arisen through your research and studies. The first half of the paper should identify the author's main points. The second half of your paper should be your contribution. Offer an assessment of the author's points, apply the points to examples, support all comments and information with verifiable research, and do not give opinion. 1A. Buddhism began in northeastern India and is based on the teachings of Gautama. Buddhism is different from many other faiths because it is not centered on the relationship between humanity and God. Buddhists do not believe in a personal creator God. Siddhartha had found the path to Enlightenment. Siddhartha was born around the year 560 b.c.e. Nepal. He was born into a royal family and for many years lived within the palace walls away from the sufferings of life; sufferings such as sickness, age, and death and he did not know what these sufferings were. One day, after growing-up, marrying and having a child, Siddhartha went outside the royal palace and saw, each for the first time, an aged person, a sick person, a deceased body and finally a peaceful monk. He was worried by what he saw. He learned that sickness, age, and death were the inevitable fate of...
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