...hybrid vehicle Abstract The topic of this research paper is the impact of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on the environment and society. The methodologies used to carry out research on this topic include collecting information on HEVs, their components, pollution caused by the manufacturing of their batteries, their economics, and their safety. The conclusions of the report are that HEVs adversely impact the environment and society. iii Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iii Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Definition of the Problem ........................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Fossil Fuels ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Air Pollution .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1...
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...Purchasing Ethics and how it Changes the Global Marketplace Assignment 3.4 Mike Wooddell ERAU LGMT 536 – Purchasing for Logistics and Supply Chain Management June 17, 2015 Abstract As organizations increase their global footprint, the need for reliable, ethical, and sustainable suppliers also increases. Understanding this need, more businesses are engaging suppliers that are the most cost effective and not necessarily the most ethical. This brings me to the research of purchasing ethics. Specifically how do ethics change the landscape of today’s global market? This paper will look at several factors that include the cross cultural understanding of ethics, the personal and professional responsibility, and several ethical challenges such as environmental responsibility and human rights and the impact it has on the global market. Key Words: business ethics, global market, cultural factors, professional responsibility, ethical challenges I. WHAT IS ETHICS – DEFINITION AND UNDERSTANDING Clearly define what ethics mean in the global market and the domestic market and how it is interpreted in each. II. CULTURAL FACTORS IN GLOBAL MARKETS Identify how cultural factors such as religion, sexual orientation, and accepted standard practices influence or hinder international and domestic business. III. PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY TO BUSINESSES Identify the responsibility and moral obligation when ethical dilemmas occur, your personal...
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...Abstract The United States has experienced several problems with the use of the one cent coin, the penny. A small value coin almost worthless to the world of goods, but rings up a price when producing one. It costs twice as much as itself to make, and four billion of them are created a year. The US government dances around this problem and should have eliminate them back in 2006 when people were melting the copper and selling it for profit. This paper states several topics of why the penny only causes harm to US citizens and the economy. The obvious solution to fix a problem like this, simply abolish the penny as US currency, and round all cash transactions to the nearest fifth cent. Death of the Penny: The Elimination of America’s One Cent Coin and its Impact on The United States Economy “I will seriously consider eliminating the penny as long as we find another place for Lincoln to land,” the support of abolishing the penny from the most powerful man in America; President, Barack Obama. For over a hundred years people have paid for everyday goods with change, or coins. As inflation in the America rises, the value of coins diminishes. (Inflation Figures). Take the penny for example; commonly known as the copper coin has hardly any copper to it. Created with ninety-seven percent zinc and only two and a half percent copper, the penny doesn’t truly stand up to its expectations. Based on the 2011 Annual Report for US Mints, the cost...
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...ISDS 4160 Ross Lafont Assignment 3 Disrupting Global Competition In today’s world, we are extremely lucky with the way we can conduct business. Increased technology has led this planet to heights we thought we would never reach. Communication throughout the world is now as easy as pie. Not only do we have the telephone, but we also have email, scan, fax, and wire. All of these communication ways are cheap and it is China, not the United States that knows how to take advantage of this though low labor costs. This is why we do business in China these days. Globalization is the reason why we can outsource to China with great success. China operates better than the United States. A main reason of this is that they have a clear-cut division between ownership and management. In some United States companies, there is confusion that exists right here. Management and ownership also share the same goals in China. Management and ownership are both doing their own individual job to create a marginal profit, we definitely could learn from the Chinese on how to do this. Another man reason is that Chinese companies have not been outer-performing in the world markets as much in recent years. This is occurring because China’s marketplace has been changing. The government in China is very powerful. Many people see this as a bad thing in the United States, but in business perspective it is a good thing. The Chinese government can take control of an economic problem with its...
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...21/5/2013 Submitted to Dr. Tharwat M. EL-Sakran Table of Contents Cover Page 1 List of Tables 4 List of Figures 5 Abstract 6 1. Introduction 8 2. The Automotive engine 10 2.1 Introduction to the Four-Stroke Engine 10 2.1.1 Intake Stroke: 11 2.1.2Compression stroke 11 2.1.3 Power stroke: 11 2.1.4 Exhaust stroke: 12 2.2 Types of engines: 14 3. The Hybrid Car Concept 15 3.1 Why Hybrid cars? 15 3.2 The Cost of transportation: 16 3.3 The rate of fossil fuel depletion: 17 3.4 Reduction of pollutants, greenhouse gases: 17 3.5 Regenerative Breaking: 18 3.6 Engine size reduction: 19 3.7 Constant loading in acceleration and deceleration: 19 3.8 Benefits in urban area (even lesser fuel consumption) 21 4. Emissions 21 4.1 Oxides of Nitrogen 22 4.2 Carbon Monoxide 23 4.3 Carbon Dioxide 24 4.4 Unburned Hydrocarbon & Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 25 5. Alternatives 26 5.1 HYBRID CARS 26 5.2 HYDROGEN FUEL CELL CARS 27 6. Battery Technology 28 6.1 Batteries used in Hybrid Cars 28 6.1.1 Lead-acid battery 29 6.1.2 Nickel-metal hydride 30 6.1.3 Lithium-ion battery 31 6.1.4 Zebra battery 32 6.2 Comparison between other batteries 33 6.3 Findings and Development 35 6.3.1 Fully- Electric cars 35 7. Conclusion 36 8. References 37 9. Appendices 38 9.1 Appendix I (Emails) 38 9.2 Appendix II (agendas and...
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...making a choice between two or more alternatives (Nickels, McHugh, & McHugh, 2010). Some of these choices are small, like what flavor of ice cream to buy, whereas other choices are big, like should a corporate executive take a bribe. Making ethical decisions is important for an organization’s success. An individual’s personal values and ethics help guide decision making. Organizational values also play a role in making decisions. Ethics awareness inventories help identify a person’s ethical perspective and how that perspective may conflict with organizational values to influence decisions. Values Evaluating personal values Norfolk Southern values can be evaluated through the individual actions, accomplishments, and achievements that have institutionalized the company’s commitment and many years of service. The personal leadership at Norfolk Southern developed the company’s long-term strategic formula for success in the railroad industry. The personal values of Norfolk Southern leaders, like former Chief Executive Officer David R. Goode, developed the company’s mission and vision and helped build a top company within the industry. Mr. Goode’s personal actions throughout countless situations helped guide the values of the company, and led the company to higher levels of success. According to Vantuono (1998) “Norfolk Southern's mission is ‘to be the safest, most customer-focused, successful transportation company in the world’." David R. Goode was the man leading that mission...
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...including the mere cost of just funding space programs, let alone send a shuttle to space. Why spend billions of dollars to send a few people into space when there are homeless people starving on Earth? The cost of space travel is a reasonable point that most people for and against space exploration would agree with. A simple reason people in favor of space exploration would agree with a cost argument is due to a growing concern with where billions of dollars of funding is going and how...
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...needed: 50 minutes Key Vocabulary: Money, Coins, Pennies, Nickels, Dimes, Quarters, Combination, Total, Determine, Pictorially, Scenario, Purchases, Journal Lesson Summary: The purpose of this lesson is for students to use number, operation and quantitative reasoning skills as well as demonstrate the ability to determine the value of a collection of coins. This is primarily an inquiry based lesson where students will be using a performance task which will be used to “place” students in a situation which could occur in “real life” involving money falling from their pocket, and a friend’s pocket, onto the ground. Students will have to use mathematical skills and reasoning to figure out which of the 16 coins they find on the ground belong to them and to their friend and the dollar amount to which each persons coins add up to. In part two of the performance task, students will again use empathy as they “visit” the school store. Students will have figured out how much money they have to spend in the school store in part one of the performance task. Students will be allowed to buy as many items as they can in the school store with one caveat – they must have one coin left over after their shopping spree. Established Goals: MST Learning Standard #3: Math 2. Students use number sense and numeration to develop an understanding of the multiple uses of numbers in the real world, the use of numbers to communicate mathematically...
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...(Miller-Urey exp.) • First evidence for early life • The evolution of life • Extreme life on Earth: lessons for astrobiology A timeline for the very early history of the Earth The formation of Earth: The Earth formed over ~50 Myr via planetesimal accretion Earth differentiation: The iron "drops" follow gravity and accumulate towards the core. Lighter materials, such as silicate minerals, migrate upwards in exchange. These silicate-rich materials may well have risen to the surface in molten form, giving rise to an initial magma ocean Early Earth heats up due to radioactive decay, compression, and impacts. Over time the temperature of the planet interior rises towards the Femelting line. After the initial segregation into a central iron (+nickel) core and an outer silicate shell, further differentiation occurred into an inner (solid) and outer (liquid) core (a pressure effect: solid iron is more densely packed than liquid iron), the mantel (Fe+Mg silicates) and the crust (K+Na silicates). Initially large portions of the crust might have been molten - the so called magma ocean. The latter would have cooled to form a layer of basaltic crust (such as is present beneath the oceans today). Continental crust would have formed later. It is probable that the Earth’s initial crust was remelted several times due to impacts with large asteroids. The formation of Earth: Delivery of water by icy planetesimals and comets? After condensation of water vapor produced the earth's oceans, thus...
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...Hybrid Cars IQP A Study on Hybrid Cars: Environmental Effects and Consumer Habits An Interactive Qualifying Project to be submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science. Submitted By: Michael Beliveau James Rehberger Jonathan Rowell Alyssa Xarras Submitted to: Submitted: 28 April 2010 Project Advisor: Prof. Chickery Kasouf 1 Hybrid Cars IQP Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1. Chapter 2. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 9 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 12 2.1 Environmental Effects ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Emissions ............................................
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...that uses electricity instead of petrol or diesel. These automobiles have electric motors and controllers used for propulsion. These vehicles do not use the traditional or the common methods of propulsion like ICE (internal combustion engine). These cars are energy efficient and are capable of reducing city pollution because of the zero tail pipe emission. The functioning of the cars greatly depends on the quality of the battery used in the car. The poor battery may result into long hours of recharging and poor speed with poor acceleration. These cars are not practically suitable for long journey but can be a good transportation vehicle for everyday use and can be recharged overnight. Why electric car India has millions of people to house, power grids to expand and factories to fuel. They all involve hydrocarbons. How, then, is a developing economy to grow sustainably? One answer may lie in a small electric car. The advantages of electric cars are multiple and compelling. Instant torque for good initial acceleration, quiet operation, low local pollution, and ease of operation (Reva -a car with automatic gear shift)are among their many compelling virtues. The principal advantage for everyone in adopting electric cars is virtually eliminating urban air pollution. The civil advantages of electrics were recognized early. Thomas Edison created a pretty good nickel-iron battery a hundred years ago, and his good friend Henry Ford was on record as planning to make inexpensive...
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...The first criteria to take a look at will be the effects of income inequality on crime. Crime happens all over the world, but can be the result of many things. In lower income areas or places in poverty, the risk of committing a crime is lower and has more meaning for the people committing it. In areas of higher population and higher income, crime might occur because of an event in that area that triggered the crime to take place, rather than committing a crime for personal gain. In a research paper, it was stated, “the evidence presented so far suggests that, from a cross-country perspective, there is a robust correlation between the incidence of crimes and the extent of income inequality”(Fajnzylber et al. 2002). This was a study from the world bank, and they had...
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...deal with physical science and the earth. It is a field and profession that combines geology, mathematics, and physics all in an effort for people across the world to understand the ways of the world and exactly what it takes for certain seemingly unnatural events to happen. Geophysics covers a range of ideas from gravity, heat flow, seismic waves that cause vibrations through the Earth’s layers, radioactivity both geothermal and geochronological, electricity, electromagnetic waves and magnetism, fluid dynamics, and even condensed matter physics. So as we see, geophysics is indeed a very broad subject, yet when looked at under specific lights, we see that geophysics is no more than a name, a container, for all matters Earthly related. Most of these topics will most definitely be covered in this essay and if not talked about in depth, definitely mentioned seeing as how all of these ideas are valuable to everyone worldwide in getting to know and understand the way our home planet works in relation to ourselves and the space we occupy in the universe. (Beroza, Nelson, and Ilich, "The Department of Geophysics"). History The first traces of anything geophysically related first appear in regions inside of China during the Qin dynasty somewhere between two hundred twenty-one and two hundred six B.C. when Chinese fortunetellers used lodestones to create their fortune telling boards. Little did the Chinese know, the lodestones were actually natural stones composed of ferrites, also known...
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...Study Glencore & Xstrata Creating the fourth largest global mining company Reference Code: ML00007-065 Publication Date: January 2013 WWW.MARKETLINE.COM MARKETLINE. THIS PROFILE IS A LICENSED PRODUCT AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED GLENCORE & XSTRATA: CREATING THE FOURTH LARGEST GLOBAL MINING COMPANY © MARKETLINE THIS PROFILE IS A LICENSED PRODUCT AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED ML00007-065 /Published 01/2013 Page | 1 OVERVIEW Catalyst Glencore International, a commodity trading giant, is seeking to merge with diversified mining company Xstrata. The move was announced in February 2012 with the proposal accepted by shareholders in November 2012. The deal is worth $31bn and would create the fourth largest mining company in the world behind the top three of BHP Billiton, Vale, and Rio Tinto. The company would also possess leading positions in other commodities in power generation and agricultural products. Summary Glencore is a company which operates in commodity markets, including mining. The company engages in both industrial activity and marketing, which allows it to safeguard against volatilities in an individual market. Further, by engaging in marketing, the company is able to adapt more effectively to adverse conditions. Glencore has demonstrated value creation in its acquisitions, with notable acquisitions including Kazzinc and Viterra. The company’s size also now allows it to negotiate big contracts, as it did with Rusal. Glencore was fast tracked into the...
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...Ageism in America: The Elderly Tommy Brooks SOCW 230 Social Welfare History October 5, 2012 Ageism in America: The Elderly In this paper I will look at the concept of old age. I will take a brief look back through history at how society viewed the elderly. Starting in the 1500’s in England, here I will look at the life expectances and the way it fluctuated. I will take a brief look at the life expectancy of women in France in the 1700’s. This will show how age accounted for a significant minority of the populations across the world. The elderly have been categorized throughout history. By the early modern periods the concept of old age was accompanied by a long list of expectations. These included: experience, social, and cultural signals, within which consisted socially constructed markers: gender, social class, and individual life experiences. Other signs were physical: hunched back, lameness, deafness, toothlessness, balding or graying hair, and just plan grumpy and frail. I will give a brief look at how the elderly were perceived at times negative and even vicious. Back to where the elderly women were viewed as wise and nurturing elderly mothers. Here we will see where the age of sixty was widely associated with the onset of old age. Then we will move into the time of the first settlers in America. It’s true at this time as it was in Europe, the elderly men and women constituted a miniscule proportion of the white population. Then I will begin a journey into...
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