...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY Generally, researchers have investigated issues relating to aspects of career choice by teenagers (Breakwell, 1988; Dick & Rallis, 1991; Jawitz, 2000; Woolnough, 1994). Southwick (2000), for example: observes the trend toward a decline in graduate enrolments in health-related fields, as well as science and engineering, having recorded enrolment decline from 1993-1997, after four decades of annual increases. A continuing decline of admissions in these areas may lead to a shortage of skilled health and science workers and this could ultimately hurt the society. Palmer (2005) also observes the reduction in the numbers and calibre of students seeking admissions into engineering education in Australia. Poor image of the engineering profession generally and the poor understanding of engineering in schools were identified as contributing reasons for this situation. In Nigeria, many youths make wrong career choices due to ignorance, inexperience, peer pressure, advice from friends, parents and teachers, or as a result of the prestige attached to certain jobs without adequate vocational guidance and career counseling (Salami, 1999). Consequently, many of them are unsuited for their careers, as they usually find themselves in jobs that do not satisfy their value needs. When this occurs, they constitute nuisance to themselves and their employers. They are usually unable to contribute meaningfully to the society, and they ultimately...
Words: 1266 - Pages: 6
...MGT 325 Test #1 Study Guide This test is comprised of 60 Multiple Choice questions. Some are definitional and some are application questions. You will need to read the book as well as review the PPTs. Use the PPTs/lecture notes to help you focus your reading and studying. Chapter 1 and Management History PPTs (13 questions) What is OB? Organizational Behavior Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (there are 10) Interpersonal Figurehead Leader Liason Informational Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson Decisional Entreprenuer Disturbance Handler Resource Allocator Negotiator Management Functions: Planning: Decide on goals, Organizing: Establish rules, Leading (Directing): Coordinate individuals, Controlling: Evaluate and improve History of Management (From lecture) (You will need to know names!) Current issues Levels of study in OB and the course Chapter 2 – Diversity (14 questions) Current workforce Aging workforce Surface-level vs. deep-level diversity Forms and effects of discrimination Diversity and ability tests Intelligence dimensions Ensuring a diverse workforce Good and bad metaphors for diversity True Colors video Chapter 3 (12 questions) 3 Components of Attitudes: ABC Affective: Emotion or feeling of a attitude Behavioral: How we behave Cognitive: How it relates to me or my beliefs Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory: Incompatibility between people; seeking to reduce the gap Perceived Organizational...
Words: 410 - Pages: 2
...Involvement, Locus of Control and Managerial Performance Journal: Manuscript ID: Manuscript Type: 23rd Annual Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference draft Paper just-in-time < 15. Technology, Innovation and Supply Chain Management, manufacturing technology < 15. Technology, Innovation and Supply Chain Management, operations management < 15. Technology, Innovation and Supply Chain Management, performance measurement < 15. Technology, Innovation and Supply Chain Management Keywords (Select the keywords for the Track(s) which you have selected on the previous step): Page 1 of 25 ANZAM 2009 Manager’s Degree of JIT Involvement, Locus of Control and Managerial Performance ABSTRACT The competitive global environment has lead many firms into adopting practices that focus on eliminating inefficiencies across the enterprise and its supply chain. The Just-in-Time philosophy is one such practice, however, research has predominantly focused on its technical features and on organisational variables, with surprising little research at the individual level. This paper examines JIT at an individual level and argues that the manager’s locus of control orientation would interact with their degree of JIT involvement to affect managerial performance. The results of a survey of 60 managers employing JIT, demonstrate that an increased degree of JIT involvement leads to a more positive effect on managerial performance for internal locus of control managers than...
Words: 9239 - Pages: 37
...to accomplish the task. 2. Cameron and the 5 traits of organizational behavior a. Locus of control; He has internal locus of control. He is a perfectionist and enjoys taking risk. b. Self-efficacy; He is an inventor and innovator. He confident about his ability to complete tasks and is very success. c. High self-esteem; He keeps going when things get difficult. Strong belief in one’s self and abilities. He is known to be dictatorial and displays a fiery temper. d. Self- monitor; He can be insensitive to others; less concern about what others think of him; Confident in is ability to get the job done. e. Emotional Intelligence; His emotional detachment gives he the ability to be more focused and determined regarding the risk he takes in being innovated, creative and controversial. 3. At first Fox, didn’t want to take the risk of making the film due to high cost of the technology involved. Fox gave Cameroon $10 million so that he could show proof of his concept. After, the Fox executives saw the 3D screening, they were interested, Cameroon made concessions with project to cut costs, but Fox back-out of project due to cost. Fox changed their mind due to bring in partners to share in the financial costs; Fox owned much of the distribution and other rights; Fox didn’t get the concept of the film, but they believed in Cameron. The rest is history to the tune of $2.78 billion. 4. Yes, Cameroon is a...
Words: 436 - Pages: 2
...required to review and write a report based on their understanding regarding the differences of managerial function for both organizations. Students also have to identify new trends of principles of management that are important for managing the organization. Contents of the report: 1.0 Introduction Briefly explain the company’s background (name, history, and types of products or services, location, organization members) 2.0 Differences between international and local company FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL LOCAL COMPANY COMPANY a. Planning Types of planning programmed and non-programmed decisions b. Organizing Types of the organization Organizational structure/ chart Basic structural formats/ departmentalization (functional/ productservice/ geographic location/ customer classification department) Span of control (wide/ narrow) Locus of decision making (centralized/ decentralization) c. Leading leadership approach motivation approach communication approach INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT (1101) Page 2 ASSIGNMENT 1, ASSIGNMENT 2, PRESENTATION d. Controlling control methods e. Findings and recommendation identify new trends of principles of management f. Conclusion Guidelines on report preparation Sequences of the report materials i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Title page (title, name of recipient and sender, date of submission) Acknowledgement Table of...
Words: 1321 - Pages: 6
...THE EFFECT OF SELF-LEADERSHIP AND LOCUS OF CONTROL ON WORK STRESS AMONGST MANAGERS IN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR By Agnes Akwa Nde Student number: 2009103587 A Dissertation submitted in Accordance with the Requirements for the Award of a MAGISTER COMMERCII Degree In Industrial Psychology Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences The University of the Free State Supervisor: Prof. Ebben Van Zyl Co-Supervisors: Dr Petrus Nel & Dr Estelle Boshoff Bloemfontein, 2015 DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation hereby submitted by me for a Masters of Commerce degree at the University of the Free State is my own independent work and has not been previously been submitted by me at another university/faculty. I furthermore cede copyright of the dissertation in favour of The University of the Free State. .............................................................................. Signature .............................................................................. Date [ii] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A project of this nature could not have been complete without the support of some people. At this juncture, I will like to recognize the assistance of such people who made indispensable contributions towards the realisation of this work. I received much technical support from my supervisor Prof Ebben Van Zyl and cosupervisors Dr Petrus Nel and Dr Estelle Boshoff. I appreciate all the efforts they made in seeing that this study...
Words: 58744 - Pages: 235
...1. Introduction Over 250 years ago, Cantillon formulated the first concept of entrepreneurship, although to this day there is no universally accepted definition (Iversen, 2008). The requirements of each entrepreneur can vary depending on the industry, sector and scope of the business (Cooper, & Dunkelberg, 1981). In the context of this essay I will be focussing on only 6 of many characteristics that define a successful entrepreneur. These include innovation, leadership and internal locus of control as characteristics I see in myself. Risk-taking, self-confidence and self-determination are three that I must develop further. I will define each characteristic, explain its relevance to entrepreneurship and link it to either my personal experience or an example of an entrepreneur. 2. Strengths 2.1. Innovation In his “Theory of economic development”, Schumpeter (1934) states innovation is a considerable driver for development and profit. He describes the theory of innovation, or in his words “creative destruction” as “"process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one incessantly creating a new one" (Schumpeter, 1934). In the last few decades, services and knowledge have become the major part of the business world (Sawyer, 2006). In other words, the circulation of information has become more important than that of material objects (Drucker, 1993). Innovation and creativity have gained more...
Words: 2196 - Pages: 9
...Teen pregnancy and family history of teen pregnancy research has not been fully studied. A peer-reviewed article that was published by the Journal of Psychology in Africa, entitled “Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study”. This article describes a study done to see if there was a “relationship between Protective factors, risk factors and adolescent pregnancy(Ditsela & Van Dyk, 2011)”. This study gives results of 121 mostly bi-racial females in South Africa. Problem to be solved The problem that this article discusses is about how possible parenting styles or lack they’re of, self-esteem issues, and locus of control may play a large part in adolescent pregnancy. This article give and exploratory study of the risk factors than may be associated with teen pregnancy. This study brakes down how family problems such as divorce, new parents, and low self-esteem are reasons teen pregnancy happens so much. Where as high self-esteem makes you less likely to become involved in risky sexual behavior (RBS). Health Care Administration The growing problem with teen pregnancy is a very important issue all around the world. Health care administration should study this issue so that more kids can be aware of the on going problem of children having children. There are so many issues that teens should be aware of with risky sexual behavior that many people do not think about. Like the sexual transmitted disease, a study was done in 2008 that shows...
Words: 1178 - Pages: 5
...Applying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care HSC/465 September 18, 2012 The Research Process and the Problems in Health Care Teen pregnancy and family history of teen pregnancy research has not been fully studied. A peer-reviewed article that was published by the Journal of Psychology in Africa, entitled “Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study”. This article describes a study done to see if there was a “relationship between Protective factors, risk factors and adolescent pregnancy(Ditsela & Van Dyk, 2011)”. This study gives results of 121 mostly bi-racial females in South Africa. Problem to be solved The problem that this article discusses is about how possible parenting styles or lack they’re of, self-esteem issues, and locus of control may play a large part in adolescent pregnancy. This article give and exploratory study of the risk factors than may be associated with teen pregnancy. This study brakes down how family problems such as divorce, new parents, and low self-esteem are reasons teen pregnancy happens so much. Where as high self-esteem makes you less likely to become involved in risky sexual behavior (RBS). Health Care Administration The growing problem with teen pregnancy is a very important issue all around the world. Health care administration should study this issue so that more kids can be aware of the on going problem of children...
Words: 1220 - Pages: 5
...SITUATIONAL COMMUNICATION JOURNAL OF BUSINESSCRISIS COMMUNICATION THEORY 10.1177/0021943604265607 IMPACT OF PAST CRISES ON CURRENT CRISIS COMMUNICATION Insights From Situational Crisis Communication Theory W. Timothy Coombs Eastern Illinois University Previous research based on Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) suggests that an organization’s past crises history affects the reputational threat posed by a current crisis when that crisis results from intentional acts by the organization. The study reported on in this article provides a wider test of crisis history to better assess its role in crisis communication. Results from the present investigation showed that a history of similar crises intensified the reputational threat of a current crisis even when the crisis arose from the victimization of the organization or from an accident, rather than from the organization’s intentional acts. The threat to reputation was primarily direct, rather than indirect, through perceived responsibility for the crisis. There was little difference in the perceptions of organizations identified as having had no history of past similar crises versus those for whom no information about past crises was provided. Perception of an organization’s responsibility was negatively correlated with the perceived impact on reputation. Implications for the practice of crisis communication and further development of SCCT are discussed. Keywords: crisis; communication; management; reputation; theory ...
Words: 11305 - Pages: 46
... Intellectual wellness involves the interest in learning new things, and being open minded on different situations in the world. This includes being updated on current events, the T.V. shows I choose to watch, reading a good amount of books, my enjoyment of playing mind-stimulating games such as different card games and clue, and reading a variety of material. This dimension also emphasizes an importance in seeing both sides to issues, which I think is extremely important and try to always do in my life. One last thing that I believe is important to my intellectual wellness is that I value my education, and feel it is very important in life and for a future carreer. The intellectual dimension relates well to the locus of control. One can either have an interanal or external...
Words: 1086 - Pages: 5
...Locus of Control Scale This questionnaire assesses your opinions about certain issues. Each item consists of a pair of alternatives marked with a or b. Select the alternative with which you most agree. If you believe both alternatives to some extent, select the one with which you most strongly agree. If you do not believe either alternative, mark the one with which you least strongly disagree. Since this is an assessment of opinions, there are obviously no right or wrong answers. When you have finished each item, turn to the scoring key for instructions on how to tabulate the results and for comparison data. This questionnaire is similar, but not identical, to the original locus of control scale developed by Julian Rotter. The comparison data provided in the scoring key comes from research using Rotter’s scale instead of this one. However, the two instruments assess the same concept, are the same length, and their mean scores are similar. 1. a. Leaders are born, not made. b. Leaders are made, not born. 2. a. People often succeed because they are in the right place at the right time. b. Success is mostly dependent on hard work and ability. 3. a. When things go wrong in my life, it’s generally because I have made mistakes. b. Misfortunes occur in my life...
Words: 988 - Pages: 4
...| Saving Face | By: Francine D. Kemp | | sjcruz | 9/19/2010 | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | Within the last nine years, more than 310,000,000 people migrated daily to new points on the globe. (Kemp 2009) Why are so many people migrating? In a world where culture understanding may become more important than actual communication, “Saving Face” by Francine Kemp tries to help us understand conflict in multicultural organizations. To obtain a better understanding of what Kemp means by “saving face” we need to move forward and understand what is happening in the world around us. Author Francine Kemp’s professional interests are in leadership development. Kemps main research lies in the field of women and diverse groups with the focus being cross cultural communication between cultures, genders and social groups. Her education and background are also impressive. Dr. Kemp possesses a Doctorate of Management in Organizational Leadership through the University of Phoenix, a Masters in Education from the Trenton State College now Renamed the College of New Jersey earned in Tel Aviv, Israel, and a double Bachelors in Education from Wright State University, Dayton, Oh. http://www.apu.apus.edu/community/faculty/bio/779/francine-d-kemp “Saving Face” has a broad...
Words: 1357 - Pages: 6
...MAN 6245- PMBA Name _________________________________ Organizational Behavior Dr. Kroeck EXAM 1 STUDY QUESTIONS Summer-Fall 2010 Part I: Choose the ONE BEST answer. 1. Each of the following is a major category of abilities EXCEPT: - B) Creativity 2. In Deci's theory of intrinsic motivation, the enjoyment gained from task-challenge decreases when: - b) External rewards for success are provided 3. A mechanistic organization exhibits: - d) all of the above 4. Goals most likely to be obtained are: - D) All of the above 5. Many researchers have criticized Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory because there is no clear evidence that: -d) all of the above 6. "Feedback," in goal-setting theory, refers to: -b) information 7. Which of the following is not a managerial implication of VIE theory? -d) reward all employees exactly the same. 8. Goal setting theory of motivation is similar to expectancy theory in that: - D) all of the Above 9. End of term grades are an example of which of the following reinforcement schedules? ...
Words: 1521 - Pages: 7
...furniture is purchased and who buys the furniture i.e. now middle income families and younger generation are also buying modern furniture as its cheap. Ikea is prime example of out of box innovation as they introduced things like flat pack furniture , furniture catalog , particle board furniture , restaurant in furniture store , and store layout ( ikea maze) where customers travel to all the departments of the store making people imaging their future homes which have previously never done by furniture store as only traditional furniture store were there with their expensive needed to be custom made. Main purpose of the report understand how innovation leads and supports entrepreneurship. This report also give brief history and knowledge of Ingvar Kamprad : the father of modern furnishing and how his idea caused the cultural shift in todays society and also factors leading to the success of his idea and how academic literature defines his success. BACKGROUND (ENTERPRENUR & BUSINESS) Ingvar Kamprad was born on in south Sweden in 1926 and raised in a farm called Elmtardy near the village of Agunnaryd. According to Cantillon (1734)...
Words: 1817 - Pages: 8
