activity. ________________________________________ Chemical catalysis was investigated through the synthesis of a palladium catalyst (Figure 1) containing the novel phosphine ligand 1-naphthyl(diphenyl)phosphine. A Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by the new palladium catalyst was carried out and compared to the results observed using a common catalyst, Palladium dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine). The results of relevant catalytic methods were characterized by analytical tools and
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SCH 4U1 | Equilibrium and Le Châtelier’s Principle | | Introduction: Chemical equilibrium is the state of a reaction in which all reactants and products have reached constant concentrations in a closed system (DiGiuseppe, Haberer, Salciccioli, Sanader, & Vavitsas, 2012, p. 420). Chemical reactions will occur until the reaction reaches a point where the concentrations of the products and reactants become constant. Le Châtelier's principle states that chemical systems at equilibrium
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Laboratory Report The Rate of Reactions Abqari Afandi Grade 10 October 6th 2014 Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the temperatures of Hydrochloric acid with the duration of Magnesium ribbon to dissolve in the acid. Procedure: 1- Prepare four 400ml beaker: one for the hot bath, one for the room temperature, one for ice water bath and one for super hot bath. Fill all beakers half-full. Put one on a hot plate; the temperature of the water on the hot plate should not
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Chemistry Extended Essay “How does pH affect the concentration of trihalomethanes formed in a sample of reservoir water when it is disinfected with chlorine or chloramine and to what extent do both chloramine and free chlorine decompose when exposed to ultraviolet light?” Abstract This investigation aims to find out how pH affects the concentration of trihalomethanes formed in a sample of reservoir water when it is disinfected with chlorine or chloramine and the extent to which both
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6. Ion exchange capacity Capacity can be used to compare different resins or to calculate the total amount of resin to be added during a batch exchange process [IAEA Vienna, 2002]. It described by the number of functional groups on it. This value is constant for a given ion exchange material and is generally given as milliequivalents per gram (meq/g), based on the dry weight of material in a given form (such as H+ or Cl–). For organic ion exchange resins it can be given as milliequivalents per
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Many chemical reactions are affected by temperature. The chemical reaction in a battery slows down in lower temperature which results in loss of capacity. A battery will deliver 100% of its capacity at 770F and at 200F the battery can only deliver 74% capacity. Excessive heat will contribute greatly
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variation in water content within the longer channel length. Shyam Prasad and S. Jayanti et al. [16] studied the serpentine flow fields that have long been used in PEM fuel cell for effective transportation of reactants from the flow field to the reaction sites. It was observed in literature that localized flooding near the U-bend region of serpentine flow fields occurs at high current densities. This was attributed to the boundary layer separation and recirculation of flow in the U-bend. It was established
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This written paper will discuss a total of three points. Namely the crystal chemical relationship between quartz (SiO2) and FePO4, the symmetry relationship between FePO4 polymorph, its dependence on temperature and also the mechanism of the symmetry change for the FePO4 polymorphs. Respective paragraphs of this paper will touch on each point listed above. Firstly, the crystal chemical relationshop between quartz (SiO2) and FePO4 will be discussed. The cell parameters of the α-phase FePO4 has a non
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prepare coordination compounds is through the direct combination of a metal ion and appropriate ligands in solution. Thus, the addition of a sufficiently high concentration of ammonia to an aqueous solution of a nickel2+ salt leads through a series of reactions. Complexes of metal ions in high oxidation states are sometimes more readily formed by adding the ligands to a solution of the metal ion in a lower oxidation state in the presence of an oxidizing agent. Thus, addition of ammonia to an aqueous solution
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Discussion: The purpose of this lab was to investigate the effects that the intermolecular forces of different sized alcohols had on temperature decrease during evaporation. This was investigated using a thermometer to measure the initial temperature of a cotton ball containing 10 drops of an alcohol and its final temperature after 3 minutes of evaporation. It was hypothesized that Butanol, the largest molecule and the one with the strongest bonds, would experience the least temperature decrease
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