3D MODELLING
Process of developing a mathematic rep of any 3D surface of object via a specialised software.
Create a new layer 1. Click Format menu » Layer. 2. In the Layer Properties Manager, click the New Layer button. a. A layer name, such as LAYER1, is automatically added to the layer list. 3. Enter a new layer name by typing over the highlighted layer name. b. A layer name can include up to 255 characters: letters, digits, and the special characters dollar sign ($), hyphen (-), and underscore (_). Use a reverse quote (`) before other special characters so that the characters are not interpreted as wild-card characters. Layer names cannot include blank spaces. 4. To change the properties, click icons. c. When you click Color, Linetype, Lineweight, or Plot Style, a dialog box is displayed. 5. (Optional) Click in the Description column and enter text. 6. Click Apply to save your changes, or click OK to save and close.
Find enquire distance 1. Start the LINE command and specify the first point. 2. Move the pointing device until the rubber-band line extends at the same angle as the line you want to draw. 3. Enter a distance on the command line.
The line is drawn at the length and angle you specified.
How to draw a line 1. Click Draw menu » Line. 2. Specify the start point.
You can use the pointing device or enter coordinate values on the command line. 3. Complete the first line segment by specifying the endpoint.
To undo the previous line segment during the LINE command, enter u or click Undo on the toolbar. 4. Specify the endpoints of any additional line segments. 5. Press ENTER to end or c to close a series of line segments.
To start a new line at the endpoint of the last line drawn, start the LINE command again and press ENTER at the Specify Start Point prompt.
Draw a polyline with straight segments 1. Click Draw menu » Polyline. 2. Specify the first point of the polyline. 3. Specify the endpoint of the first polyline segment. 4. Continue specifying segment endpoints as needed. 5. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.
To start a new polyline at the endpoint of the last polyline drawn, start the PLINE command again and press ENTER at the Specify Start Point prompt.
Draw a line and arc combination polyline 1. Click Draw menu » Polyline. 2. Specify the start point of the polyline segment. 3. Specify the endpoint of the polyline segment. * Switch to Arc mode by entering a (Arc) on the command line. * Return to Line mode by entering L (Line). 4. Specify additional polyline segments as needed. 5. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.
To create a wide polyline 1. Click Draw menu » Polyline. 2. Specify the start point of the line segment. 3. Enter w (Width). 4. Enter the starting width of the line segment. 5. Specify the ending width of the line segment using one of the following methods: * To create a line segment of equal width, press ENTER. * To create a tapering line segment, enter a different width. 6. Specify the endpoint of the polyline segment. 7. Continue specifying segment endpoints as needed. 8. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.
To create a boundary polyline 1. Click Draw menu » Boundary. 2. In the Boundary Creation dialog box, in the Object Type list, select Polyline. 3. Under Boundary Set, do one of the following: * To create a boundary set from all objects visible in the current viewport, select Current Viewport. Avoid this option for large, complex drawings. * To specify which objects to include in the boundary set, click New. Select the objects that you want to use to create the boundary. Using this option automatically selects the Existing Set option. 4. Click Pick Points. 5. Specify points within each area that you want to form a boundary polyline.
This area must be totally enclosed; that is, there can be no gaps between enclosing objects. You can select more than one area. Click Island Detection if you want internal closed areas to be included in the boundary set. 6. Press ENTER to create the boundary polyline and end the command.
The command creates a polyline in the shape of the boundary. Because this polyline overlaps the objects used to create it, it may not be visible. However, you can move, copy, or modify it just as you can any other polyline.
To draw a circumscribed polygon 1. Click Draw menu » Polygon. 2. On the command line, enter the number of sides. 3. Specify the center of the polygon (1). 4. Enter c to specify a polygon circumscribed about a circle. 5. Enter the radius length (2).
To draw a polygon by specifying one edge 1. Click Draw menu » Polygon. 2. On the command line, enter the number of sides. 3. Enter e (Edge). 4. Specify the start point for one polygon segment. 5. Specify the endpoint of the polygon segment.
To draw an inscribed polygon 1. Click Draw menu » Polygon. 2. On the command line, enter the number of sides. 3. Specify the center of the polygon. 4. Enter i to specify a polygon inscribed within a circle of specified points. 5. Enter the radius length.
To draw a rectangle 1. Click Draw menu » Rectangle. 2. Specify the first corner of the rectangle. 3. Specify the other corner of the rectangle.
To draw an arc by specifying three points 1. Click Draw menu » Arc » 3 Points. 2. Specify the start point. 3. Specify a point on the arc. 4. Specify the endpoint.
To draw an arc using a start point, a center point, and an endpoint 1. Click Draw menu » Arc » Start, Center, End. 2. Specify a start point. 3. Specify the center point. 4. Specify the endpoint.
To continue an arc with a tangential line 1. Complete the arc. 2. Click Draw menu » Line. 3. Press ENTER at the first prompt. 4. Enter the length of the line and press ENTER.
To continue an arc with a tangential arc 1. Complete the arc. 2. Click Draw menu » Arc » Continue. 3. Specify the second endpoint of the tangent arc.
To define regions 1. Click Draw menu » Region. 2. Select objects to create the region.
These objects must each form an enclosed area, such as a circle or a closed polyline. 3. Press ENTER.
A message on the command line indicates how many loops were detected and how many regions were created.
To define regions by using boundaries 1. Click Draw menu » Boundary. 2. In the Boundary Creation dialog box, in the Object Type list, select Region. 3. Click Pick Points. 4. Specify a point in your drawing inside each closed area that you want to define as a region and press ENTER.
This point is known as the internal point.
Note You can make a new boundary set to limit the objects used to determine the boundary.
To combine regions by adding 1. Click Modify menu » Solid Editing » Union. 2. Select one region for the union. 3. Select another region.
You can select regions to unite in any order. 4. Continue selecting regions or press ENTER to end the command.
The command converts the selected regions to a new combined region.

To combine regions by subtracting 1. Click Modify menu » Solid Editing » Subtract. 2. Select one or more regions from which to subtract and press ENTER. 3. Select the region to subtract and press ENTER.
The areas of the second regions you selected are subtracted from the areas of the first regions.
To draw a circle by specifying a center point and radius or diameter 1. Click Draw menu » Circle » Center, Radius (or Center, Diameter). 2. Specify the center point. 3. Specify the radius or diameter.
To create a circle tangent to two objects 1. Click Draw menu » Circle » Tan, Tan, Radius.
The command starts Tangent object snap mode. 2. Select the first object to draw the circle tangent to. 3. Select the second object to draw the circle tangent to. 4. Specify the radius of the circle.
To create a solid box 1. Click Draw menu » Modeling » Box. 2. Specify the first corner of the base. 3. Specify the opposite corner of the base. 4. Specify the height.
To create a solid cone with a circular base 1. Click Draw menu » Modeling » Cone. 2. Specify the center point of the base. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. Specify the height of the cone.
To create a solid cone with the height and orientation specified by the axis endpoint 1. Click Draw menu » Modeling » Cone. 2. Specify the center point of the base. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. On the command line, enter a. 5. Specify the axis endpoint of the cone.
This endpoint can be located anywhere in 3D space.
To create a solid cylinder with a circular base 1. Click Draw menu » Modeling » Cylinder. 2. Specify the center point of the base. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. Specify the height of the cylinder.
To create a solid cone frustum 1. Click Draw menu » Modeling » Cone. 2. Specify the center point of the base. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. Enter t (Top radius). 5. Specify the top radius. 6. Specify the height of the cone.
To create a solid cylinder with the height and orientation specified by the axis endpoint 1. Click Draw menu » Modeling » Cylinder. 2. Specify the center point of the base. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. On the command line, enter a. 5. Specify the axis endpoint of the cylinder.
This endpoint can be located anywhere in 3D space.
To link objects in a drawing 1. Start the source application and open a document. 2. Select the information you want to link and copy it to the Clipboard. 3. Open the drawing. 4. Click Edit menu » Paste Special. 5. In the Paste Special dialog box, click Paste Link.
Paste Link pastes the contents of the Clipboard into the current drawing and creates a link to the file in the source application. If you click Paste, the Clipboard contents are embedded instead of linked. 6. In the As box, select the data format you want to use. 7. Click OK.
To create a table 1. Click Draw menu » Table. 2. In the Insert Table dialog box, select a table style from the list, or click the [...] button to create a new table style. 3. Select an insertion method: * Specify an insertion point for the table. * Specify a window for the table to fit. 4. Set the number of columns and the column width.
If you used the window insertion method, you can select the number of columns or the column width, but not both. 5. Set the number of rows and the row height.
If you used the window insertion method, the number of rows is determined by the size of the window you specified and the row height. 6. Click OK.
To create a horizontal or vertical dimension 1. Click Dimension menu » Linear. 2. Press ENTER to select the object to dimension, or specify the first and second extension line origins. 3. Before specifying the dimension line location, you can override the dimension direction and edit the text, the text angle, or the dimension line angle: * To rotate the extension lines, enter r (Rotated). Then enter the dimension line angle. * To edit the text, enter m (multiline text). In the In-place Text Editor, revise the text. Click OK.
Editing within or overwriting the brackets (<>) changes or removes the dimension value calculated by the program. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value. * To rotate the text, enter a (Angle). Then enter the text angle. 4. Specify the dimension line location.
To place text within extension lines 1. Click Dimension menu » Style. 2. In the Dimension Style Manager, select the style you want to change. Click Modify. 3. In the Modify Dimension Style dialog box, Fit tab, under Fit Options, select an option. 4. Click OK. 5. Click Close to exit the Dimension Style Manager.
If there is enough room, text is fit between extension lines.

To hatch areas 1. Click Draw menu » Hatch. 2. In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, click Add: Pick points. 3. In your drawing, specify a point inside each area that you want hatched, and then press ENTER.
This point is known as the internal point. 4. In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, Hatch tab, in the swatch box, verify that the sample pattern is the pattern you want to use. To change patterns, select another pattern from the Pattern list.
To see how the hatch pattern will look, click the [...] button next to Pattern. Click OK when you finish previewing. 5. In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, make adjustments, if necessary.
You can specify new hatch boundaries by clicking Add Boundaries or Remove Boundaries. 6. Under Draw Order, click one of the options.
You can change the draw order of the hatch so that the hatch is drawn either behind or in front of the hatch boundary, or behind or in front of all other objects. 7. Click OK.
To hatch selected objects 1. Click Draw menu » Hatch. 2. In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, click Add: Select objects. 3. Specify the object or objects you want to hatch.
The objects need not form a closed boundary. You can also specify any islands that should remain unhatched. Also, you can set the HPGAPTOL system variable to treat a set of objects that almost enclose an area as a closed hatch boundary. 4. Under Draw Order, click one of the options.
You can change the draw order of the hatch so that the hatch is drawn either behind or in front of the hatch boundary, or behind or in front of all other objects. 5. Click OK.
To include layer information in a published DWF file 1. Click File menu » Publish. 2. In the Publish dialog box, under Publish To, click DWF File, and then click Publish Options. 3. In the Publish Options dialog box, under DWF Data Options, Layer Information, click to display the drop-down list, and select Include.
Note By default, Layer Information is set to Don't Include, to reduce publishing time. If you change the setting to include layer information, you can turn individual layers on and off when you view or print the DWF file. 4. Click OK. 5. In the Publish dialog box, either continue with publishing tasks or close the dialog box.
To combine solids 1. Click Modify menu » Solid Editing » Union. 2. Select the objects to combine. 3. Press ENTER.
To subtract solids from one another 1. Click Modify menu » Solid Editing » Subtract. 2. Select the objects to subtract from. 3. Press ENTER. 4. Select the objects to subtract. 5. Press ENTER.
To create a solid from the intersection of two or more other solids 1. Click Modify menu » Solid Editing » Intersect. 2. Select the objects to intersect. 3. Press ENTER.