...Marriage: A Defining Relationship Marriage, what is it? What does it entail? Are there different kinds of marriage institutions? There are numerous differences of what people in society think makes a marriage. Marriage between a man and a woman; between a man and multiple women; between two women or two men. Which one is correct? Does one have more positive aspects to it and society than the others? There is a growing controversy as to what should be allowed in society by law, for a marriage. Thousands of people believe that marriage is only between a man and a woman, and on the other side, thousands of people believe that same-sex marriage should be legal and provide all the rights as one man and one woman marriages. In my paper I will discuss the differences in the types of marriage, and what I believe to be the only correct and proper way to have a marriage; between one man and one woman. Children need to be brought into this world with a father and mother that love them, and that honor each other and their marriage. “Research findings suggest the value of healthy marriages for child well-being, for adult social and emotional health, and for economic and societal stability.” (Brotherson and Duncan). Marriage between one man and one woman has been around since the beginning of time. According to the Holy Bible, Christians believe that God married Adam and Eve, the first man and woman on the Earth, in the Garden of Eden, and commanded them to “multiply and replenish the earth...
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...WOMEN IN PAKISTAN DISADVANTAGED AND DENIED THEIR RIGHTS 1. INTRODUCTION Women in Pakistan suffer widespread human rights violations. Police officers torture and rape women in their custody with impunity. If the victims bring complaints of rape before the courts, unless they can prove that they did not give their consent they may be punished for unlawful sexual intercourse under laws which explicitly discriminate against women. Women face cruel, inhuman and degrading punishments such as floggings and stoning to death. The discrimination against women in law reinforces their vulnerability to other human rights violations. Women's rights are seen as being of secondary importance and women are in a particularly weak position if they try to gain redress. It is always difficult to prosecute law enforcement personnel who have raped women in their custody. In Pakistan the law relating to rape creates an additional hurdle. Despite the number of women who have been beaten and raped in police custody, few police officers have ever been prosecuted for such violations of women's basic human rights. In the rare cases in which police officers have been convicted of abusing women in their custody, the convictions have always been overturned on appeal. Women who have been raped are at risk of being convicted of unlawful sexual intercourse. The victim's testimony is not taken into account in rape trials when maximum penalties are at stake. So a woman who has been raped can be sentenced...
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...Summary and Analysis Jose Rizal’s legacy to Filipino women is embodied in his famous essay entitled, “To the Young Women of Malolos,” where he addresses all kinds of women – mothers, wives, the unmarried, etc. and expresses everything that he wishes them to keep in mind. SUMMARY “To the Women of Malolos” was originally written in Tagalog. Rizal penned this writing when he was in London, in response to the request of Marcelo H. del Pilar. The salient points contained in this letter are as follows: 1. The rejection of the spiritual authority of the friars – not all of the priests in the country that time embodied the true spirit of Christ and His Church. Most of them were corrupted by worldly desires and used worldly methods to effect change and force discipline among the people. 2. The defense of private judgment 3. Qualities Filipino mothers need to possess – as evidenced by this portion of his letter, Rizal is greatly concerned of the welfare of the Filipino children and the homes they grow up in. 4. Duties and responsibilities of Filipino mothers to their children 5. Duties and responsibilities of a wife to her husband – Filipino women are known to be submissive, tender, and loving. Rizal states in this portion of his letter how Filipino women ought to be as wives, in order to preserve the identity of the race. 6. Counsel to young women on their choice of a lifetime partner RIZAL’S MESSAGE TO FILIPINO WOMEN Jose Rizal was greatly impressed...
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...cultivated out of feelings of love. These sorts of relationships have fascinated people for centuries. Authors, from centuries ago, have written entire plays based upon the respectable and illicit relationships between men and women. Infidelity alone is talked about in over one-hundred and sixty six verses in the Bible while marriage is mentioned one-hundred and seventy seven times. The fact of the matter is that the bonds between men and women are interesting, complex, and scandalous many times. It’s for this very reason we have entire magazines dedicated to following the social lives and relationships of famous people. Three works of literature in particular shed light upon the development and consequences of these illicit relationships. These three works are Fortunata and Jacinta by Benito Perez Galdós, Adolphe by Benjamin Constant, and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Each of these books contains similar and distinct, relationship development, main characters, characterization of classes, environment depiction, and resolutions. Fortunata and Jacinta was written by Benito Galdós in 1887. Galdós, born on the Canary Islands and living in Madrid during the time he wrote this book, was a member of the middle class. The book was criticized by political and religious leaders for its critique of the middle class and revealing sexuality. It was, however, venerated by his peers for its realistic depiction of life among all classes during the time period. This...
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...Compelled to become instruments of war, to kill and be killed, child soldiers are forced to give violent expression to the hatreds of adults -- Olara Otunnu In the country of Uganda lies terror in the minds of many children. Many people are unaware of the inhumane and wretched experiences that happen in Uganda. Families cannot sleep peacefully at night because of unwanted attacks from rebels who torture and abduct their children. These children are then forced to be placed into an army, comprised mostly of children in an environment that radically changes their soul. Like the quote from Olara Otunnu, children are used as objects to carry forth actions that certain adults feel towards their civilization. If one is fortunate enough to escape or rescued then they must deal with the cruel effects of reintegrating into society. Research confirms that it is immoral to have child soldiers in Uganda because war-related experiences inhibit a healthy growth as a one suffers from psychological and physical trauma. Known to be one of the worse humanitarian crises since World War II, the epidemic in Uganda began over twenty years ago. This came about due to a man name Joseph Kony and his ideology of establishing a government based on the Ten Commandments (Benter 1). He believed with a large enough army, he would be able to overthrow the current system residing in Uganda today. One usually associates the idea of an army with adults; men and women who voluntary commit to serve their country...
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...1 WOMEN IN MANU Manu and Manusmrti are the two words that invoke mixed feelings. There are some who would like to perform the funeral rite for the man and his work as many times as possible, while other would like to make it the centre of Hindutva, relying point on matters of religious, social and legal importance. The rise of Dalit movements in India has one important point to make: remove everything that is related to Manu. Its consequences we have been watching with concern for the last few years as they have disturbed the very foundation of social, religious and political life of the Hindu orthodoxy. Women's voice of protest has not been so loud, nor their organizations that political clout, though, as we shall see, they have much to complain about for their present state of affairs which has been sustained mainly by the laws of Manu. Manu and Manusmrti If mere mention of the name is the criteria to place a man in his historical context then Manu may be a mythical/historical person. He is mentioned in the Vedas itself and is described as the law-giver (1). The later commentators and law-givers such as Yaska (2), Baudhayana (3), Apastamha (4), Samkara (5), often quote him and his works. There is no doubt about the antiquity of the name, but we do not know the time of the man who was really the author of the work. Manusmrti has been placed between 200BC - 200 AD by the scholars, rather a very long time for a person to exist in his earthly life. However this time in the history...
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...identified customs that promote bullying behaviors in men? When someone thinks of bullying, a typical image that comes to mind is a school hallway, a bigger kid throwing a smaller kid into a locker, and some belittling phrases. However, bullying can occur in many different forms, and on different levels of severity. In some cultures, men are taught growing up that they are dominant over females. “Many have debated the definition of culture. Overall, most agree with the definition that culture is an acquired and transmitted pattern of shared meaning, feeling, and behavior that constitutes a distinctive human group” (Ayman & Korabik, 2010). As these young boys grow up, become husbands and fathers, these men begin to treat their wives poorly, often bullying them verbally, mentally, or even physically. This bullying can lead to violence. When young children are involved, especially boys, they see the way their father treats their mother, learn that they do not have to respect their mother, and it becomes the norm for them too. When they become adults, they treat women the way it was modeled to them; as their father did. This can be a cultural norm for different ethnicities and cultures. When bullying infiltrates Bronfenbrenner’s macro system,...
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...THE CHALLENGE OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM by JAMES RACHELS “Morality differs in every society, and is a convenient term for socially approved habits.” Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture (1934) 2.1 How Different Cultures Have Different Moral Codes Darius, a king of ancient Persia, was intrigued by the variety of cultures he encountered in his travels. He had found, for example, that the Callatians (a tribe of Indians) customarily ate the bodies of their dead fathers. The Greeks, of course, did not do that—the Greeks practiced cremation and regarded the funeral pyre as the natural and fitting way to dispose of the dead. Darius thought that a sophisticated understanding of the world must include an appreciation of such differences between cultures. One day, to teach this lesson, he summoned some Greeks who happened to be present at his court and asked them what they would take to eat the bodies of their dead fathers. They were shocked, as Darius knew they would be, and replied that no amount of money could persuade them to do such a thing. Then Darius called in some Callatians, and while the Greeks listened asked them what they would take to burn their dead fathers' bodies. The Callatians were horrified and told Darius not even to mention such a dreadful thing. This story, recounted by Herodotus in his History illustrates a recurring theme in the literature of social science: Different cultures have different moral codes. What is thought right within one group may be utterly abhorrent...
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...functionalism. Functionalism is defined as a theoretical perspective that interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of the whole society. The creation and upbringing of a son or daughter in a marriage fulfills society’s needs. Whether the upbringing of a child is conducted properly and positively varies by family, but sexual reproduction accomplishes the selfless task of adding to a society. The traditional Functionalist Theory in the United States of America interprets the proper family consisting of a monogamous relationship of one father and one mother from an endogamous group; meaning from a similar race/religion/wealth class (Anderson, Taylor: 314). A small group of Utah Mormons practice polygamy (multiple wives), but it is very rare. Traditional marriages expect the men to take the dominant role of the family providing income and protection as...
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...ARE WOMAN REALLY SAFE IN INDIA? The condition of women in India has always been a matter of grave concern. Since the past several centuries, the women of India were never given equal status and opportunities as compared to that of their male counterparts. The patriarchal nature of Indian society, which even though gives respect to women as they are our mothers and sisters, has greatly hampered both the independence as well as the safety of women. One of the main reasons of violence against women is the mentality which deems women inferior of men and merely limits their importance to the maintenance of the household, the upbringing of children and pleasing their husbands and serving other members of the family. Violence against women is present in every country, cutting across the boundaries of culture, class, education, income, ethnicity and age. Even though it is now forbidden in most parts of the world, the reality is that violations against women’s rights are often sanctioned under the garb of cultural practices and norms or through misinterpretation of religious tenets. Moreover, when the violation takes place within the home, as is very often the case, the abuse is effectively condoned by the tacit silence and the passivity displayed by the state and the law-enforcing machinery. In India even in the 21st century, women cannot step out of their house at any given time, assured of her physical and sexual safety. Everyday women in this society face more problems than men.The...
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...Oriental Society http://www.jstor.org/stable/604266 . Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . American Oriental Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the American Oriental Society. http://www.jstor.org THE YOUNG WIFE AND HER HUSBAND'S BROTHER: RGVEDA 10.40.2 AND 10.85.44 M. B. EMENEAU and B. A. VAN NOOTEN UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Textual problems are presented by devikdmd in the marriage verses RV 10.85.44 and AV 14.2.1718; problems of interpretation are presented by these verses and also by the occurrence of devf- in RV 10.40.2. These problems we hope we have solved, or at least eased, by consideration of the social structure involved in the niyoga institution described in the smrti texts, the similar custom seen in many communities in present-day North India, and the related 'jesting relationship' described for roughly the same communities (and others). Chronological problems are discussed, especially the establishment of a chronology...
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...Jonathan Swift. A Modest Proposal Return to Renascence Editions Jonathan Swift A Modest Proposal. (1729) Note on the e-text: this Renascence Editions text was converted to HTML from the University of Adelaide mirror of the ERIS Project plain text edition. The text is in the public domain. Content unique to this presentation is copyright © 1999 The University of Oregon. For nonprofit and educational uses only. Send comments and corrections to the Publisher at rbear[at]uoregon.edu. [Note: the five most pertinent paragraphs were missing from this text when we received it, and it has been corrected (in red below) as of 3/9/05. Our apologies. Risa Bear] A MODEST PROPOSAL FOR PREVENTING THE CHILDREN OF POOR PEOPLE IN IRELAND FROM BEING A BURDEN TO THEIR PARENTS OR COUNTRY, AND FOR MAKING THEM BENEFICIAL TO THE PUBLIC It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes. I think it is agreed by all parties that...
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...Beteckning: Humanities and Social Sciences Double Oppression in the Color Purple and Wide Sargasso Sea. A Comparison between the main characters Celie and Antoinette/Bertha. Ingela Lundin 2008 C-essay English Literature Supervisor: Dr Maria Mårdberg Examinator: Dr Helena Wahlström Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose and main questions ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Method and material......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Theoretical approach ........................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Previous research – an overview ...................................................................................... 3 1.5 Introducing the novels ...................................................................................................... 4 2. A comparison of the double oppression in the two protagonists’ marriages.................. 6 2.1 The diminishing and isolation of Celie and Antoinette/Bertha........................................ 6 2.2 The upholding of the white man’s norm ........................................................................ 14 Conclusion..........................................................
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...involved in dowry system whether they are educated or illiterate. However, most of the respondents are against this system. Simple random sampling technique and questionnaire as a data collection instrument has used to accomplish this research. Furthermore, reliability analysis has applied to verify the reliability of scale and chi-square has used to check the association of demographics with research questions. Results have been discussed in the light of Pakistani cultural context. Introduction: Marriage plays an important role in human life. As it is a turning point of life. It leads to many problems in life after marriage but before marriage there is a big deal that can affect life after marriage in Pakistan that is dowry system. Among Pakistani society, the dowry system plays the most significant role. Their tentacle far and ample in the society distressing almost every segment of the society and it is especially prevalent in Pakistani culture. Dowry is no longer a set of gift items intended for contributing towards a suitable beginning of the practical life of a newly married couple. Copious and loud marriages, designers‟ items studded bride, bridegroom and other family members, many...
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...Á Assalato Wasallaamo ‘Alaika Yaa Rasool Allah À Wa ‘Alaa Aalika Wa As Haabika Yaa Noor Allah À Divorce and Waiting Period Author: Maulana Mohammed Shakir ‘Ali Noorie (Ameer – Sunni Dawat e Islami) Published by: Maktab e Taibah Markaz Ismail Habib Masjid 126, Kambekar St, Mumbai 3. Rights of Spouses Book Name: Compilation: Divorce and Waiting Period Maulana Mohammed Shakir ‘Ali Noorie. (Ameer- Sunni Dawat e Islami) Translation: Quantity: Price: Published: Hafiz Muhammed Salim Noorie (Canada) (Muballig, Sunni Dawat e Islami) Maktab e Taibah (Sunni Dawat e Islami), 2010 Copyright Reserved For further queries, please contact: WORLDWIDE HEADQUARTERS MAKTAB E TAIBAH Ismail Habib Masjid, 126 Kambekar St, Mumbai-3 Tel: 0091 22 23434366 U.K. MARKAZ S.D.I. Noor Mosque, Noor St, Preston, U.K. Tel: 0044 1772 881786 Website: www.sunnidawateislami.net 2 Rights of Spouses CONTENTS Literal Translation of Divorce.................................................................... 4 Conventional Meaning of Divorce............................................................ 4 Types of Divorce.......................................................................................... 4 Best (Ahsan) Divorce .................................................................................. 4 Good (Hasan) Divorce ................................................................................ 5 Reprehensible (Bad’i) Divorce ....................
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