...Autism Spectrum Disorder Students Lindsey Liermann Liberty University Abstract This paper includes a reference list of literature relating to components of successful inclusion for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In general, the literature seems to indicate what practices are effective for successfully including ASD students with typical peers, as well as, if inclusion is right for all ASD students. The literature includes evidence that the different components support students’ progress in general education settings. More empirical data needs to be collected to see if different components work for all students with Autism Spectrum Disorder while with typical peers. Keywords: students with ASD, inclusion, typical peers, successful strategies, perceptions of inclusion, support, and modification for students. Topical Reference List: Inclusion of Autism Spectrum Disorder Students Until recently, the common practice was to pull children with Autism or other disabilities out of regular education classrooms for majority of the day or even have them completely segregated. It seemed more efficient to provide specialized instruction in separate classrooms where children with Autism could received individualized attention without having to alter the mainstream curriculum that typical peers received. But, different practices were proposed in the 1980’s for greater efforts to “include” students with disabilities into regular...
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...ELSE 6183 Teaching Students w/ASD Name: Melissa Garner 10/29/15 Directions During week 2, submit a brief explanation of your Autism Spectrum Disorder research topic. This is the first major step in the process of conducting relevant research to guide practice. The topic should address a strategy, method, or intervention that has been researched and proven effective for teaching students diagnosed w/ASD. This topic should be of personal interest and prove beneficial to all SpEd and Gen-Ed Teachers. Once you have decided on an area of interest, it is time to narrow your topic into a thesis statement. This thesis narrows the focus of your paper and presents an arguable assertion or hypothesis. For the Research Plan Assessment respond to the following: I. Identifying and Limiting the Research Topic: What instructional/teaching method of ASD are you interested in? The instructional intervention I am interested in is Discrete Trial Training, or DTT, and how it is effectively used to educate students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders. It is helpful to understand the context of your problem. What problem do you see in your school, classroom, and/or educational context? What do you want to research? I am researching the applied behavior analysis procedure called Discrete Trial Training intervention and its effectiveness on...
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...for educators and professionals to consider the best evidence based practices for individuals with ASD. Simpson (2005) states that “dependence on and uncritical use of miracle cures and unproven methods have encouraged unhealthy, unrealistic and improbable expectations and have, in all too many cases, retarded the progress of students with ASD” (p. 141). Adopting evidence-based practices and using scientific methods are important for educating and supporting individuals with ASD. Effective matching of EBP methods to the particular needs of an individual with ASD is considered best practice. Programs must be correctly applied and evaluated by knowledgeable professionals (Simpson, 2005). Implementation of evidence based-based practices involves a process of actions, multiple decisions and corrections (Fixsen, Naoom, Blase, Friedman & Wallace, 2005). Application to the clinical treatment, education and social intervention of individuals with autism spectrum disorders is influenced by current economic and political trends as well as historical influences. The National Research Council (NRC) issued a report in 2001 that incorporated a thorough analysis of the scientific base for the education of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The review highlighted the aspects of effective programs such as the preparation of educators, early intervention and a low ratio of students and teachers. The importance of families and the necessity for future research were also recommended...
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...Behavior Portfolio for Autism Student Name Institution Behavior Portfolio for Autism Student Case Study of an Autism Girl Positive Behavior Support Plan Positive behavior plan are strategies formulated to deal with problematic behaviors exhibited by ASD individuals to reduce the occurrence of the problem and teach new skills to those individuals (Matson, Tureck, Turygin, Beighley, & Rieske, 2012). It is a rigorous plan that involves all members around the individuals on how best to deal with individuals with ASD and to ease their co-existence, which may sometimes be stressful. Members surrounding the individual receive full details of the problems to enable them have an in-depth understanding of what triggers the problem and therefore know how to prevent it. It also provides information on how to respond to those problems and the importance of teaching and reinforcing new skills. According to Neitzel Positive Behavior Support is used currently as a mode tool to reduce interfering behaviors of individuals with ASD and has been noted to be effective in reducing interfering behavior (Neitzel, 2010). The individual’s environment is to be modified to allow ease of transition and application of new skill to reduce any interfering behavior exhibited by the individual. Characteristic of the Individual Trisha is a nine-year-old girl living with her parents and three siblings in their country house in the outskirt of the city. Their home is large and each of the children...
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...Behavior Analysis and Autism Spectrum Disorder Psychology PS501-03 Dr. Valerie Balldin March 18, 2014 Behavior Analysis and Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstract Autism refers to a group of development brain syndromes, collectively known as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).The term spectrum is a wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability, or impairments that children with ASD can have. Some of the ASD children are insignificantly impaired by their symptoms while others are severe. Behavior Analysis and Autism Spectrum Disorder According to American Psychiatric Association; "Autism is a neuro-development syndrome defined by deficits in social reciprocity and communication, and by unusual restricted, repetitive behaviors.” (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). It is a condition that usually begins at infancy-before or by three years old. Affected children begin by not using words to communicate though they may recite the alphabet and familiar passages. There is a wide variation of the degree in the way autism spectrum affects individuals. Each child with autism has a unique abilities, challenges and symptoms. Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder: Even though Autism is not a single Disorder; but it is a spectrum of closely related Disorders with a shared core of symptoms:...
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...Disfluency is the interruption of an otherwise continuous flow of speech. Current views explain speech disfluency in terms of both an epiphenomenon of cognitive overload, and as an intentional function for easing social interaction to convey non-explicit thought processes. This study looked at both of these hypotheses, with main focus upon disfluency as a form of social communication. The disfluencies focused upon were: ‘uh’, ‘um’, ‘hmm’, ‘oh’, laughter and silences. The Autism Spectrum Disorder is partially defined by a lack of social awareness. The Autism Quotient (AQ) test is used for determining where any individual lies on the continuum from typical development (TD) to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study used the AQ as a measure of meta-cognitive awareness. TD students at the University of Edinburgh (N=50) undertook both a written AQ test and a verbal general knowledge test. Disfluency use during the general knowledge test was analyzed and compared to: utterance length, question answer confidence ratings, gender and AQ scores. All modeled disfluencies were found to increase with utterance length, which has been related to cognitive load (Oviatt, 1995; Shriberg, 1996). The use of ‘um’, laughter, and silence increased during moments of uncertainty, as shown by the individual confidence ratings. However, this does not distinguish whether participants were intentionally communicating uncertainty or whether it was accidental. Conversely, the use of ‘uh’ increased...
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...I love my job although there are some challenges within it, I work with students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) so every day is a new adventure. One of the concerns that I have experienced with my job is that there are quite a few staff that are stuck in their ways and it becomes challenging to advocate for the children they are supporting. I work with a variety of teaching staff, support staff and administrators that work with some challenging students and families. Another concern is that ASD is a disorder that can be extremely difficult sometimes and some of our students also have duel diagnosis that can make their lives and family lives tricky. Supporting the families and students is difficult when there are not enough...
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...Literature Review on Autism Wilfredo Garcia Table of Contents Abstract 3 Autism 4 Videogames and young people with Developmental disorders 10 Funding of Applied Behavior Analysis 11 Executive function in individuals with sub threshold Autism traits 12 Conclusion 14 References 15 Abstract The increasing number of individuals with Learning Disabilities (LD) and psychiatric disorders presents a key challenge to their assessment and treatment in mental health services. Children and young people with LD are more likely to experience mental health than the general population (Allington-Smith, 2006). There is a close relationship between autism spectrum disorder and learning disability. Epidemiological studies suggest that autism is more frequent in people with LD, nearly 40% of people with LD also have autism on the other hand, and nearly 70% of people with autism also have LD (La Mafa, 2004). The strong association between autism and LD (Bradley, 2004) also associates an increased risk of mental health problems. It is suggested that adults with LD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; however, this requires more conclusive evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adults with LD and autism. ...
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...http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://aut.sagepub.com/content/14/3/155.refs.html Downloaded from aut.sagepub.com by guest on November 12, 2010 Editorial What can innovative technologies do for Autism Spectrum Disorders? S V E N B Ö LT E , O F E R G O L A N M AT T H E W S . G O O DW I N L O N N I E Z WA I G E N B A U M autism © 2010 SAGE Publications and The National Autistic Society Vol 14(3) 155–159; 365028 1362-3613(2010) Technology deals with human usage and knowledge of instruments and techniques to help people control and adapt to their natural environments. The usage of technology is taking an increasingly prominent role in research and clinical practice related to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). At the International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR), where the idea for this Special Issue on Autism and Technology was born, the number of accepted technology presentations increased from eight in 2004 to 36 in 2008. In 2009, a session dedicated solely to autism and technology was held at IMFAR where over 30 presenters from around the world demonstrated their work. Autism Speaks, one of the largest autism research funders internationally, continues to support an Innovative Technology for...
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...Disorder (ASD) most commonly known as Autism is a neurological disorder that affects the normal brain function. It is a disorder characterized by deficits in three major areas of behavior-social, communicative and the display of repetitive or restricted behaviors. This research paper will provide a review of people with autism spectrum disorders, including the symptoms, diagnosis criteria, and possible causes. In addition, it will describe with how it has impacted the society, families and themselves. Completing the Puzzle of Autism Spectrum Disorder Can you imagine trying to understand what your parents or peers are saying but you don’t really know what the words mean? Sometimes this can make a child very upset and frustrated just because they can’t come up with the right words to express his or her feelings or thoughts. These kids with special needs try to live their lives by learning to handle stuff that are challenging and annoying for them. People with autism can make a significant contribution to society, as well as to their families. However, having autism is generally difficult for the person themselves and their family, it also involves great financial sacrifice. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) most commonly known as “Autism” is a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affecting a person’s communication skill, social interaction, behavior and interest. ASDs are spectrum...
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...Methylphenidate. Methylphenidate attaches to the dopamine transporter all of which is located in the presynaptic membrane, the transporter is unable to clear DA from the synaptic area due to this. The process? “Mechanism of action” the medication implicates DA, the etiology of ADHD may be the DA as a neurotransmitter. DA neurons actually travel DA from mid-brain by three pathways; nigrostriatal, mesocorticolimbic and tuberoinfundibular pathways. Inside these pathways, DA actually regulates basal gangua loops as well as cortical loops both structurally and functionally. When this process occurs characteristics of ADHD is produced due to the disruption causing motivational distraught and difficulties in one's character. Two studies involving ADHD students showed neuroimaging identified the rich in dopamine which is the frontal cortical regions relate to the ADHD. Furthermore dopamine genes receptor D4 (DRD4) has a multitude of studies of which are positive. D4 is a dopamine receptor, it is also a in relation to the dopamine receptor family and is a G-protein coupled receptor, dopamine receptor family (D1-D-5). D4 is used in...
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...Cognitive Deficits in Children with Autism Melissa Ridjaneck Cognitive Psychology PY 280 Carlow University Jennifer K Roth, PhD Although autism has been around for many years, it has just recently been getting diagnosed more and more. Currently, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 1 in 68 American children are on the autism spectrum (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). 1 in every 42 boys and 1 in every 189 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United States (Autism Speaks, 2014). According to the DSM-V, there are five criteria that need to be present in order for an individual to be diagnosed with ASD. The first criterion states “persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts such as; deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships (DSM-V, 2013).” The second criterion states “Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following; stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech, insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior, highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus, hyper- or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory...
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...the effectiveness of inclusive practice. A (400 words minimum) SWOT analysis will allow me to identify gaps in my own practice in regard to ensuring inclusive practice. SWOT analysis highlights strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Teoli, Sanvictores and An, 2024). In turn, conducting my own analysis, has allowed me to identify weaknesses that can be transformed into strengths and threats into opportunities. For example, I am effective in identifying and ensuring the individual needs of the students in the class are met. For example, I was able to identify that a student with ASD was finding writing activities anxiety inducing, which...
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...The Influence of Affective Empathy and Autism Spectrum Traits on Empathic Accuracy Marije aan het Rot*, Koen Hogenelst Department of Psychology and School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by interpersonal deficits and has been associated with limited cognitive empathy, which includes perspective taking, theory of mind, and empathic accuracy (EA). The capacity for affective empathy may also be impaired. In the present study we aimed to determine if EA in normally developing individuals with varying levels of autism spectrum traits is moderated by trait affective empathy. Fifty male and fifty female participants (‘perceivers’) completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale to assess autism spectrum traits and trait affective empathy, respectively. EA was assessed using a Dutch-language version of a previously developed task and involved rating the feelings of others (‘targets’) verbally recounting autobiographical emotional events. Targets varied in trait emotional expressivity, assessed using the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire. Perceivers with more autism spectrum traits performed worse on the EA task, particularly when their trait affective empathy was relatively low. Interpersonal deficits in autism spectrum disorder may be partially explained by low cognitive empathy. Further, they might be aggravated by a limited capacity...
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...National Student Conference On “Advances in Electrical & Information Communication Technology”AEICT-2014 Nitro-Shock Absorber- Potential and Challenges Abhishek Dixit1, Sachin Bhatia2, Nitin Srivastava3 Research Scholar, Professor 1 abhishek48a@gmail.com, 2sachin.form@gmail.com,3nitin.srivastava@gmail.com Mechanical Engineering Department Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India. Abstract—The disturbing forces must be eliminated or reduced considerably by using some devices for a smooth and comfortable ride. The present scenario of competition compels the automobile industry manufacturers to produce comfortable and safe vehicles which the consumers can utilize to the full extent and potential. Keywords— Acceleration Sensitive Damping, Position Sensitive Damping, Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV), Shock Absorber, Suspension System. I. INTRODUCTION Shock absorbers are devices which isolate the vibrations by absorbing some disturbing energy themselves [2]. The gas filled shock absorbers are designed to reduce foaming of the oil and provide a smooth ride for a long period. Nitro Shock Absorbers are high quality, nitrogen filled shocks designed and gas charged specifically for each vehicle application. The addition of nitrogen under pressure limits the foaming effect and increases efficiency [3]. These first shock absorbers were simply two arms connected by a bolt with a friction disk between them. Resistance was adjusted by tightening or loosening...
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