...This essay will focus on exploring the changing approaches and attitudes to welfare since the Poor Law, thus establishing the measures introduced or policies implemented to enable society to lead a sustainable livelihood. In addition, it will identify the individuals who were influential in the creation of a welfare state by examining six different concepts, namely: the 1601 Elizabethean Poor Law, The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, New Liberalism, Fabianism, Thatcherism and Blairism. The removal of monasteries and church welfare led the parliament to pass the first act for the relief of the poor. The 1601 Old Poor Law was a response to the issue of poverty by the state on a national scale, providing relief to the sick/elderly/disabled; able-bodied and children/orphans. Administered by parishes, it “sought to assist the 'settled' poor, who were expected to accept whatever work or relief the parish offered.” (www.victorianweb.org/history/poorlaw/elizpl.html) There is an implication that a safety net was provided for those who had fallen on hard times, however they had no freedom of choice regards the type of employment they took on, their dietary intake, clothing etc. They were reliant on relief and were susceptible to exploitation through cheap labour. “Each parish looked after their own poor and a poor rate was levied on householders” (Moore; 2000). The lack of uniformity in system suggests that treatment and rules differed from parish to parish, however, parishes were likely...
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...1 National Employment Policy and Strategy of Ethiopia November 2009 Addis Ababa ii Acronyms AIDS ART CETU CSA EEF EPRDF ERP FDI GDP HERQA HICES HIV ICT IHDP IMF M&E MDG MFI MOFED MSE NEC NEPS NES NGO PASDEP PSNP TVET UEAP Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome Anti-retroviral Therapy Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions Central Statistical Agency Ethiopian Employers’ Federation Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front Economic Reform Program Foreign Direct Investment Gross Domestic Product Higher Education Relevance and Quality Agency Household Income and Consumption Expenditure Survey Human Immunodeficiency Virus Information and Communication Technology Integrated Housing Development Program International Monetary Fund Monitoring and Evaluation Millennium Development Goals Micro-finance Institutions Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Micro and Small Enterprises National Employment Council National Employment Policy and Strategy National Employment Secretariat Non-governmental Organization Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty Productive Safety Net Program Technical and Vocational Education and Training Universal Electricity Access Program iii Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................ iv PART ONE Background ......................................................................................................
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...Question: identify public policy problem and propose a policy to address it Introduction Definition: According Wikipedia Public policy as government action is generally the principled guide to action taken by the administrative or executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. Other scholars define it as a system of "courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives." Public policy is commonly embodied "in constitutions, legislative acts, and judicial decisions." Unemployment as a public policy problem In Kenya one of the public policy problems is unemployment. Unemployment in Kenya is where persons, who are able to work, are actually seeking jobs, but are unable to find work. According to the Ministry of Youth and Sports, there are nearly 2.5 million unemployed youth, and barely 125,000 are absorbed annually into formal employment. Some have referred to the problem as a ‘ticking time bomb’ saying the number of unemployed youth could rise to 14 million over the next seven years the causes of unemployment in Kenya rage from Government corruption to poverty, to lack of proper infrastructure but I think the cause of the high unemployment is Our Education system. Our education system is very academic. Our children go to school on Saturdays as young as standard 2, a standard 7 pupil wakes up...
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...Nairobi, Kenya Acronyms AACC All African Conference of Churches AU African Union DAC Day of the African Child DPAC Day of Prayer and Action for Children DRC Democratic Republic of Congo ECP End Child Poverty GNRC Global Network of Religions for Children IDEP International Day of Eliminating Poverty SSCC South Sudan Council of Churches Organisations represented 1. End Child Poverty- Arigatou International – Nairobi 2. Global Network of Religions for Children (GNRC) 3. National Islamic Council of DRC 4. South Sudan Council of Churches (SSCC) 5. Refuge Point 6. International Movement of Catholic Students- Burundi (IMCS Pax Romana Africa) 7. Women of Faith Network Burundi ORGANISATION PROFILE - END CHILD POVERTY End Child Poverty is a multi-faith, child centered, global initiative of Arigatou International that mobilises faith-inspired resources to end child poverty by addressing both the structural cause of poverty and the root causes of poverty in the human heart. In our child-centered work and service we seek to integrate positive religious values; we promote faith-inspired initiatives; and we cooperate with like-minded organizations to work together for a world free of child poverty. The initiative was launched at the Fourth Forum of the Global Network of Religions for Children (GNRC) in 2012, in Dar es...
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...| Essay, Custom Research Paper: Argumentative Essay on Child Labor Laws and Regulations | | | | Child labor occurs along a continuum, with harmful and exploitative work that endangers the welfare and potential of the child at one end of the spectrum and light work and often beneficial training and apprenticeship at the other. National and international labor standard regulations with respect to what constitutes a legally permissible minimum age of employment accordingly depend typically on a range of criteria including (a) the type of work, as distinguished by the degree of hazard a child faces, or whether the child is subject to exploitation, or the worst forms of child labor; (b) the sector of employment, whether in agriculture, manufacturing, or family businesses or the household; and (c) the degree to which child labor work interferes with schooling, depending on the number of hours a child is put to work, say, per week.Though child labor statistics inevitably paint an aggregate picture, the coverage of national and international statistics has improved, reflecting a diversity of activities that come under the umbrella of child labor work. International Labour Organization (ILO) statistics treat any child as economically active with performance of at least 1 hour of work during the week prior to asurvey. The ILO also defines a child laborer as synonymous with (a) an economically active person between the ages of 5 and 11, and (b) an individual between the ages of 12...
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...Process of Budgetary Policy Dilan Tharaka Senevirathne Process of Budgetary Policy The national budget is the most important statement that any government has to make. Far from being a mere compilation of income and expenditure, it is the blueprint for a nation’s socioeconomic policies for each financial year. It defines in concrete terms the direction of national policy, the plan of action and the cost implications of government programmers and projects. This process mainly involves five stages. Those five stages are, 1) Agenda setting. 2) Policy Formulation. 3) Policy Adoption. 4) Policy Implementation. 5) Policy Evaluation. Agenda Setting Under this, public attention focuses on a public problem or issue. Then the issue will get the attention of relevant authorities. The main issues raised by people during this few years were mainly Poverty, Unavailability of electricity and clean water, quality roads. Irrigation system for lands in the dry zone, better schools, hospital facilities, housing, sanitation and environmental preservation. In order to address these issues the government needs a policy which is directed towards giving proper solutions. Under this phase the government realized the areas that need attention and according to that they formulate the policy. For an example if lack of proper education in remote areas was raised as a problem...
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...Charter recognizes that democracy and social and economic development are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and that promotion and observance of economic, social, and cultural rights are inherently linked to integral development, equitable economic growth, and the consolidation of democracy and the rule of law in the states of the Hemisphere; RECOGNIZING that social justice and equity are essential for democracy; CONSIDERING that the Charter of the OAS establishes among its essential purposes to eradicate extreme poverty; CONSIDERING AS WELL that extreme poverty constitutes an obstacle to development and, in particular, to the full democratic development of the peoples of the Hemisphere; and that its elimination is essential and constitutes a common and shared responsibility of the American states; REAFFIRMING the determination and commitment of member states to urgently combat the serious problems of poverty, social exclusion, and inequity that affect, in varying degrees, the countries of the Hemisphere; to confront their causes and consequences; and to create more favorable conditions for economic and social development with equity to promote more...
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...October 29, 2014 IS 206GENDER ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY Box 1: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL MOBILITY ACROSS OECD AND LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES Presented by Del Mundo, Maria Naida Box 2: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL COHESION, SOCIAL TOLERANCE OF INEQUALITY Presented by Gutierrez, Cherry Lou THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY ABSTRACT October 29, 2014 There is growing evidence and recognition on the powerful and corrosive effects of inequality on economic growth, poverty, social mobility and political cohesion. This paper finds that the real and potential impacts of inequality in relation to economic growth, poverty, social mobility, social stability and cohesion. KEYWORDS: Inequality, Economic Growth, Poverty, Social Mobility, Political Cohesion, Gender I. INTRODUCTION In relation to the worldwide gender gap, in so far as inequality also exist in political imbalance in the Philippines distinguished through the partisan move of a party, wherein, such intent, policies and term of their advocacy is their ultimate road map and reluctantly to engage in the opponent’s adherence. Colonial mindset, attributable to the Spanish era wherein their colonial stay in the country portrays the strictness and conservative ways in precluding to whom or to which is one’s belief will end up to, and upon the continuance of the American regime, where westernized ways has gotten in the minds of the Filipinos, that every choice of an American decision draws correct conclusion...
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...less than the 138 percent of the national poverty level, and promoting innovative procedures of delivering the medical care so as to lower healthcare costs (Schembri & Ghaddar, 2018). The ACA has promoted health care access by many...
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...SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF THE SURVEY Franco Viciani Kostas G. Stamoulis Alberto Zezza Franco Viciani nd Alberto Zezza are consultants, and Kostas G. Stamoulis is a Senior Economist, Agriculture and Economic Development Analysis Division (ESA), FAO, Rome. | 1. Introduction 2. Poverty, Inequality and Food Insecurity 3. Policy Reforms Affecting Agriculture and Rural Development, and Changes in the Role of the State 4. Globalization and International Trade Liberalization 5. Increasing Agricultural Production: Sustainability and Technology Changes 1. INTRODUCTION The first step in the CUREMIS exercise was a survey conducted among all the regional and sub-regional policy officers and outposted staff of the Economic and Social Department of FAO. The survey was based on a questionnaire which was distributed to them and was structured around "major trends affecting food, agriculture and rural development" as identified in the process of preparing the FAO Strategic Framework, namely: * changes in the role and functions of the state and implication for food, agriculture and rural development * trade liberalization, globalization and increased reliance on regional blocks * persistence of poverty, mounting inequality, food insecurity and continuing risks of emergencies * population growth, urbanization and related changes in demand on agriculture; increasing pressure on natural resources and the environment * research and technology development and inequality of...
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...Policy Paper Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. The foundation of public policy is composed of national constitutional laws and regulations. Further substrates include both judicial interpretations and regulations which are generally authorized by legislation. Strong public policy should solve problems efficiently and effectively, serve justice, support governmental institutions and policies, and encourage active citizenship. Some of the major issues that are trying to be addressed in today’s public policy concerns are the Tax policies empowering community solutions through the non-profit organizations. Budget and spending is a concern and addressing the communities’ needs. The Economy by strengthening communities through hob creations and economic development, Public-Private collaborations for the public good, Promoting civic engagement, and Public accountability and ensuring public trust. Knowing the importance of education in today’s society I would have to say that the K-12 Federal Policy Issue of No child left behind act is very important. Who are the stakeholders and affected constituencies? A stakeholder is any person who will be directly affected by the outcome of a decision-making process. It is a term that is commonly used when talking about public policy decision-making or dispute resolution,...
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...Security 3. Emergence of concept of welfare state and its obligation 4. Food Security in International Perspecticve 5. Food Security in Indian Constitutional Perspective 6. Judicial Approach towards Food Security 7. National Food Security Act, 2013 a. Origin and Development b. Object and Purpose of Act c. Food Security: Protection of Human Right in light of Natural law theory 8. Concluding Remarks Bibliography Introductory Remarks “It cannot mockery to tell someone they have the right to food when there is nobody with the duty bound to provide them with food. That is the risk with the rights rhetoric. What I like about choosing the counterpart, the active obligation of duties rather than the rights, you can’t go on and on without addressing the question who has to do what, for whom, when” Onor O’Neill Right to food is indeed a laudable national commitment, it’s apt to remember that ensuring food security to the impoverished million in this country is not a government charity but a Constitutional mandate of the States. Article 21 of the Indian Constitution provides that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life and liberty except according to the procedure established by law’. It has received the widest possible interpretations. Under the canopy of Article 21 of the Constitution, so many rights have found shelter, growth and nourishment.1 While interpreting the dimensions of life and liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court in Chameli Singh...
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...programs. Indeed while the notion of using public funds to help the destitue get back on their feet in a noble concept for left-leaning idealists, in practical application, it has generated more controversy from both sides of the American political aisle than it has addressed poverty in America. This contorvery has become more heated in light of the two recessions and the housing collapse of late 2009. For this research paper, I will be going the history of Welfare in America. The purpose of this research paper is to look at how and why welfare became a policy and how it has changed since its inception. The sources that I have used are from published literature. In conclusion, the reader will have better knowledge on welfare, the history and changes. I first became interested in the subject of Welfare after working for the Ohio Department of Jobs and Family services; where I met with families and processed their eligibilty for: Food Stamps, Ohio Works First (cash assistence) and Medicaid. Unfortuanlty, durning my training as a case worker no history was given, I did not know that AFDC (aid for dependent children) had become TANF (Temporary Aid For Needy Familes). Looking at the names I wanted to know how did policy change when the name changed and when? As I can recall my parents were never on government assistence and if they had been, I being a child was not privy to familes financial status. Welfare, a public policy concept in which programs...
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... The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms ......................................................................................................
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...that its recipients meaning “poor people” are getting a free ride getting public assistance. For others it is believed to be anti-work, anti-family. Nonetheless, regardless of how one’s felt about welfare, no one can argue that poverty is a social issue that has serious impact on society. Although poverty means different thing to different people, to some, poverty means the some members of society are lazy, not able to take personal responsibility. For others, it means that some members of society are not getting a fair share of the wealth distribution. The point that it remain is viewed as not having enough or lacking enough resource to provide for one’s needs. But many disagree on this definition, because some scholars in the field of sociology agree that poverty transcend money and wealth. Hutchinson (2003) eloquently posits that” poverty influences the ability of parents to adequately meet their children’s basic needs. Understanding human development requires an ecological approach that views the child in a home environment duly placed in a community context, where the family strives to meet their needs and obtain long-term resources” (p.56). The social problem created by poverty is a much larger than any debate ever address. Its remains an issue of serious social concern, addressing the truthfulness about poverty is crucial to assist in the policy making process. Because ignoring the cause of poverty only obscure the nature, extent, and causes of real material deprivation...
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