...Running head: ADULT LEARNING THEORY: ANDRAGOGY1 Adult Learning Theory: Andragogy Jonathan S. Ponce American Public University System Author Note Jonathan Ponce for COLL 100, American Public University System, taught by Instructor Anthony Underhill ADULT LEARNING THEORY: ANDRAGOGY2 Abstract The andragogy theory can best be defined as the art and science of helping adults learn. This paper will explore exactly what the andragogy theory is and how it differs from pedagogy. A few examples of earlier andragogy strategies used in adult education were group discussions, interviews, and joint problem solving sessions. Now a days we see online tools such as discussion forums and blogs being used online to promote learning among adult learners. Simply put, andragogy is an organized and sustained effort to assist adults to learn in a way that enhances their capacity to function as self directed learners. ( Mezirow 1981) But does this method really only apply to adults? Could it be used by the younger learners before they reach adulthood? Is either method greater or more efficient than the other? Though mostly seen as a useful tool in adult education, studies into andragogy have shown that there are flaws within the core principles that conflict with its purpose of being a more...
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...Staff Development Project Summary In today’s environment of exponential advancements in knowledge and technology, a concept known as the learning organization (LO) is becoming increasingly important to health care institutions (Marquis & Huston, 2012). The LO philosophy embraces the importance of learning as a continuous process and emphasizes that in order for hospitals to adapt to changes in the environment and be successful, they must create staff development programs. Nurse educators are the primary hospital resource for generating such educational programs. This summary will describe the steps to follow when planning an effective staff development program, which include assessing learning needs, selecting a learning theory, developing learning objectives, presenting learning content, and evaluating learning. Assessment of Learning Needs In order for the teaching-learning process to be effective, an assessment of learning needs must first occur (Kearney-Nunnery, 2012, pp. 162-176). Performing an analysis of learning needs will identify knowledge gaps and skill deficits and enable the educator to select the most relevant topics when creating staff development programs. Research has shown that questionnaires are a reliable method to collect this type of information (Doughty, 2012). To analyze and determine learning needs of nurses in the intensive care unit where I work, a questionnaire composed of two parts was used. The first part consisted of five questions...
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...Critics of andragogy state that “it lacks the fundamental characteristics of a science because it cannot be measured.” (Taylor & Kroth, 2009) It is not that they disagree with the foundations of andragogy, but that its variables are subject to interpretation and do not allow for a scientific validation. Within the model of andragogy there are a series of checks and balances with allow the instructor to tailor the model to the needs of the learner. It is a broad model that does not specifically point to one type of learner at a time. However andragogy is a theory about the characteristics of adulthood and the process from which these characteristics come from. Knowles states that the key characteristics of adulthood are “a) self-directed, b) task or problem-centered orientation to learning, c) internally motivated, d) life experience is a rich resource for learning and e) readiness to learn develops from life tasks and problems.” (Knowles, 1980) The best about the model is that it can be modified and adapted with the use of other theories in conjunction with Knowles idea. The worst is that it looks to the individual only and does not take into account the boundaries an instructor has within a classroom environments, were the are more than one individual that needs the program tailored to them. Sometimes it can work well if you have a classroom of like-minded individuals; but often you have to take into account other theories to adapt to the situation. Bibliography ...
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...GLOBALIZATION ON ADULT EDUCATION IN ONTARIO By MICHELLE P. SCOTT Integrated Studies Project submitted to Dr. Angela Specht in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts – Integrated Studies Athabasca, Alberta April, 2008 Abstract This project consists of two parts. The first section is a literature review of the following topics: Adult education, Ontario’s approach to Adult education, four different pedagogical approaches to Adult education (andragogy, self-directed learning, informal and incidental learning, and emotions and imagination), education and globalization. These areas were reviewed to identify key elements around Adult education, as well as for how contemporary globalization shapes Adult education. The second section is a research essay building off of the literature review. Andragogy, self-directed learning, informal and incidental learning and emotions and imagination were examined to determine if these adult education philosophies were being practiced in Ontario. Globalization’s impact is a force with widespread reach and implications. Education will be vital for survival in a global community. The effect of globalization on adult education in Ontario was investigated. The principles of andragogy, self-directed learning and informal and incidental learning are evident in Canadian and Ontario teaching practices; however, emotions and imagination are absent in this discourse. Michelle Scott MAIS 701 Adult Education and...
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...Cognitive Development of Adult Learners Sheri Adult learning is often looked upon as being a separate entity in the education system, an educational process that has little to do with prior experiences and makes little connection to the learning that has taken place in childhood and adolescence, when it fact it is though those experiences that have shaped and molded the adult into the adult that they become (Brookfield and Tuinjman, 1995). Andragogy, which is defined as "the science of helping adults learn," has taken on a broader meaning and included not only curriculum based education, but also experience and learner centered education (Titmus 1981). Today, we know different. There is a plethora of research devoted to the cognitive development of adults and their learning styles. “Adult learning is inherently joyful. Adults are innately self-directed learners and that good educational practice always meets the needs articulated by learners themselves and that there is a uniquely adult learning process as well as a uniquely adult form of practice. (Brookfield and Tuinjman, 1995).” As an educator of adults, the andragogical cycle of teaching is critical to effective communication with adult learners. There are five stages of the cycle of teaching adults. They include: the identification and analysis of adult needs; the identification and selection of a program that is designed to meet those needs and meet educational goals; the planning of instructional...
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...Designing an Active Training Sales Program for Wellbridge Clubs Sales Staff Dawnita Blackmon-Mosely Tiaunna Connelly Elizabeth Davis Jesus Elias Jaimi Faux Michael Morris Rodney Ulibarri Webster University Abstract The purpose of this project was to develop a training program for Wellbridge Clubs that focused on teaching sales staff to sell personal training (PT) packages to members, in order to increase Wellbridge sales. The training agenda was designed based on Silberman’s (2006) Active Training, in order to engage the participants in their learning process. The use of immediate learning exercises is intended to draw the participants into the process of guided note taking during the brain-friendly lectures. Through headlines and graphical associations, organized information is presented that is more easily retained. Role-playing scenarios solidify newly acquired information, and action planning provides an opportunity to prepare the participants for on-the-job application. These techniques were chosen because they provide the best option for active involvement of the participants, and thus, their attainment and retention of skill. Keywords: Wellbridge, personal training, active training, human capital Designing an Active Training Sales Program for Wellbridge Clubs Sales Staff Wellbridge Clubs is a fitness management company that was founded in 1983 in Denver, Colorado (Wellbridge Clubs, 2014). Through the operation of 19 athletic clubs nationwide, Wellbridge...
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...Methods and Techniques Annexure References 60 For more detail :- http://www.gurukpo.com UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Q.1. What is training? Ans.Training can be defined as “The systematic acquisition of attitudes, concepts, knowledge, roles, or skills, that result in improved performance at work.” It refers to the process of teaching employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. Training refers to skill enhancement processes and activities designed to provide learners with the knowledge and skills needed for their present jobs. Q.2.What is training needs assessment? Ans. Training Needs Assessment consists of : Organizational Analysis :Examines systemwide factors that effect the transfer of newly acquired skills to the workplace Person Analysis: Who needs what kind of training Task Analysis: Provides statements of the activities and work operations performed on the job Q.3.What is training design? Ans. Training design refers to the content, methods, material etc. used for purpose of imparting training. It is based on the following information:...
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...Training RESEARCH ON HUMAN LEARNING Published by the Department of Education and Training © State of Victoria, 2004 All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described in the Copyright Act 1968 of Australia and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical and photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Address inquiries to: Research and Development Branch Office of Learning and Teaching Department of Education and Training Level 2, 33 St Andrews Place GPO Box 4367 Melbourne 3001 Acknowledgments This resource has been developed by the Office of Learning and Teaching, Department of Education and Training, Victoria, 2004 Authors Sandra Mahar and Maddy Harford Contributions This publication was developed by the Research and Development Branch, Office of Learning & Teaching for the Department of Education and Training. Contents INTRODUCTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 4 Defining Learning 5 Overview of the paper 6 THEORIES OF LEARNING 7 Cognitive Learning Theories 7 Social Learning Theories 7 Constructivist Theories 8 Experiential Learning 9 Adult Learning, or Andragogy 9 Multiple Intelligences 10 Situated Learning Theory and Communities of Practice 10 FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING 12 Neurological development...
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...Running head: A Portfolio of International Business A Portfolio of International Business Kathaleen Hull International Business 662 Harding University Abstract Understanding how we learn as adults, what positive and courageous leadership looks like, international business defined and ventures in global business we are able to look at international business as a whole. All of these components affect how we do business beyond borders and give us an idea of what components are required as a professional in a vast growing global market. A Portfolio of International Business Defining International Business According to BusinessDictionary.com, international business can be summarized as the exchange of goods and services among individuals and businesses in multiple countries or a specific entity, such as a multinational corporation or international business company that engages in business among multiple countries. (BusinessDictionary.com) Knowing that the definition of International in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is defined as relating to two or more nations and that business in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is defined as a commercial or sometimes an industrial enterprise; I think Business Dictionary’s definition of international business is very accurate. (Merriam-Webster Online) When you think international business, the non-profit sector is probably not the first type of organization that comes to mind. Heifer International is a non-profit entity that...
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...teaching session and facilitating workplace learning module. INTRODUCTION As a requirement for the pre-registration program in Nilai University, I have to take Facilitating Workplace learning module. The aim of this module is to enable me to become a better facilitator in the future. Having experiences from my previous clinical posting, I realized that nursing profession is not only about patient’s bedside care, but also workplace improvement by facilitating others for example students, colleagues and patient health teaching. Gopee (2011) defined facilitating learning is that the learner becomes aware that they should be the originator of their thinking, meaning to say the learner should take more control of their learning instead of passively receive information from the teacher. In addition, facilitating learning is usually form part of healthcare’s professional code, as mentioned in code of practice by Nursing Midwifery Council (2008) that registered nurse must be willing to share their experiences and skills for the good of their colleagues and must facilitate student and others to develop their competent. In order to fulfill this subject, I have two main parts to complete. First, a plan for facilitating a learning session applied all the relevant theories that have been lecturing, and the second part, I am going to write here is a reflective essay using Gibb’s (1988) reflective cycle on what I have learn from this module and my learning from the observed session. In this paper...
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...Training is also project related. Suppose a new project has arrived at an organization and very few people possess the technical know-how to execute the project. They are then entrusted with the task of spreading the knowledge of the skills required and ensuring that the right people know the right things required to execute the project. This constitutes training. A newly promoted employee needs training to be able to fit into his/her new role and perform as expected. A technically competent designer may have been promoted to a managerial or executive job on request or due to exceptional performance. He may not be comfortable with the use of for example, MS Office. He will then require training for the same. Development is defined as “Learning that goes beyond today’s job and has a more long-term focus.” It prepares every employee to keep pace with the organization’s pace of growth. In today’s world, where customer focus and changing customer needs are the key drivers for growth, development plays a pivotal role. It looks towards enhancing or adapting the skills of an individual to the changing dynamics of the industry. Also, the individual needs of the employees are taken care of through development initiatives which provide the opportunity for the individual to grow within the organization Objective of the Term Paper: Every research work is conducted to achieve some objectives. . The main objective of the term paper is to know...
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...HRM592 Final Exam Study Guide YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The Final Exam is open book, open notes. The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit for Grade button by then, you will be exited from the exam. In the Final Exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, and so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet service providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your Final Exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to log in again as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. 3. See the Syllabus section "Due Dates for Assignments & Exams" for due date information. 4. Reminders • You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time. • Click the Save Answers button often. • If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, log in again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, first contact the Help Desk and get a ticket number, and then contact your instructor. • You will always...
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...Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations...
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...2008): 46-62. Turn on hit highlighting for speaking browsers Hide highlighting Abstract (summary) Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Full Text Headnote Executive Summary Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. Introduction Continual learning has always been essential to the ongoing success of organizations. Managers and employees must acquire new knowledge and skills to...
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...registered nurse who assesses students’ needs, to help facilitate the learning process in a practical setting. Chambers and Wall (2000) suggest that a good mentor should include qualities of honesty, enthusiasm, trust, patience, knowledge, experience and empathy. They should also be able to have a non-judgmental attitude and good interpersonal skills. For this mentorship course I have been allocated a second year child branch student. She has had little to no experience working with neonates, but has worked on a children’s ward. Her placement will last 10 weeks and she has been allocated 2 mentors. For the first week of her placement she worked with me solidly. Kenworthy and Nicklin (2000) suggest that the more comfortable and secure a student feels within the placement environment, they are more likely to have a positive experience. Honey and Mumford (1992) express that if you teach according to a specific learning style, preferred by the student this creates a tailored learning experience. They suggest that it’s important to tailor your teaching to the style your student prefers for them to have the best learning experience possible. They also describe learners as activists, pragmatists, theorists or reflectors. Honey and Mumford (1989) researched that many students were a combination of these styles but normally one of them stands strongest. When first meeting my student I took into account the learning styles depicted by Honey and Mumford (1989) to try and teaching my student...
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