...limitation. It is as if all those who analyse the subject were overawed by the grandeur of modern science, and their studies were in the nature of tributes laid at the feet of this great saviour. All analysis starts from the assumption that modern science is a set of value-free theories that uniquely explain reality. After the scientists in the early 20th century started overhauling their theories in a big way, it was granted that the value-free theories of science that explain reality may do so only partially at a given time, but as science progresses, its theories explain more and more of reality and the process converges towards the ‘ultimate’, ‘unique’ law that explains everything. Committed to this idealist picture of a unique value free science, the philosophy of science is reduced to a set of attempts at finding the epistemological criterion, internal to science, that allows the scientist, unencumbered by any extraneous considerations, to choose the true theory out of a competing set; the sociology of science is reduced to writing down the set of social norms, self-imposed by the scientific community, which ensure that the technical criterion that guarantees the selection of the ‘true’ theory is strictly adhered to and the historiography of science is reduced to writing a catalogue of the achievements of modern science, discovering the contributions made by more ancient sciences to the modern science and , more...
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...THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY: COMPARING COMMUNICATION METHODS OF MODERN SOCIAL NETWORKS TO RURAL INDIGENOUS GROUPS [DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORS] 1 ABSTRACT “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity” (Einstein 1875-1955). This quote by Albert Einstein shows the vast technology changes experienced by humanity. The early indigenous tribes and groups had developed systems of communication and networks to conduct their daily activities (ie. trade, etc) with the use of technological resources which were far inferior compared to modern day. They created social networks to communicate and share common interests during their interactions. A social network defined is a social structure that encompasses individuals and organizations who become connected through sharing of common interests, for example in friendship, beliefs, knowledge, etc. In the modern era, post 1950s, humankind had begun to see a sharp climb in technology uses to ease daily tasks and activities. They created a social structure such that much of the interaction and creation of social networks revolves around the use of technology as a resource. Technology in the modern era has begun to be viewed as a means of effective communication and function for a majority of individuals. The comparison between rural indigenous groups of the past and the modern era communication methods can be studied to see whether technology has increased level of communication. ...
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...problems are a rather specific matter for the analysis. A problem can be explained by the fact that there is no uniform opinion among scientists as for the definition of the term, and moreover, the problems can be of various types and kinds. However, the most important point in this is that the interpretation of social problems is rather personal. This means that a problem can be important to one person and absolutely of no importance to another one. But of course, this does not mean that social problems should be interpreted and analyzed subjectively. Even vice versa, the analyst should forget his or her personal views of the problem so, that to ensure its objective analysis. Consequently, social problems should be considered with the help of the strong pieces of evidence. There are small and large social problems and in this paper one of the largest ones will be addressed. Problem The topic of my proposal is the joining of generations in all its aspects. To put it in other words, this paper will suggest a program of the solution of a social problem of lack of understanding and a huge gap that exists between the older adults and children. The problem has always been important in the human society, and nowadays it acquires special significance due to the outside factors that influence the thinking of both social groups more frequently. Among these factors, the following ones can be singled out as the modern culture affecting children and changing their views and...
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...these methods. The paper will conclude with comparing and contrasting the described approaches to research. A. Sociologists study social behavior of groups and focus on the interactions among different social groups. They look for repeating patterns in society. Two tools used by Sociologists to conduct their research are Surveys and Secondary Analysis. Surveys are usually utilized to collect data from a large population. Sometimes a representative sample of the target population is surveyed. The study subjects are asked a set of questions, which the researchers then use to compare answers from different groups, or to draw conclusions about similarities or differences. The questions are often carefully designed to illicit a specific response. Sometimes the subjects have to choose from a given set of answers. These methods of questioning are geared towards producing uniform data, which can be statistically analyzed. One advantage of conducting surveys is that data of large populations can be obtained in a relatively short time; a disadvantage would be the chance of the subjects not being truthful in their responses. Secondary Analysis is based on previously collected data. This data can stem from official records like those kept by government agencies, from previously conducted studies, or historical records, to name a few. The researchers...
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...alcohol vary around the world from adoration to proscription of drink, but there are few cultures [1]that completely ignore alcohol (Mandelbaum 1965: 281). Distillation of hard spirits happened only in recent times and for much of human history, wine and beer[2] were the only alcoholic beverages available for common consumption (if a bar or tavern was present in a particular culture). Archeological evidence shows that while during the last 10,000 years alcohol consumption was common, it was also uniquely culturally contextual. Dutch archeologist Marijke Van der Veen claims that “[studying] the production, preparation, consumption, and disposal can help identify the social context of food” (Van der Veen 2006: 407). A more traditional archeological approach focuses less on the production of food due to its “transient nature”.[3] Ethnographic research can provide more information about consumption practices as can historic sources, but we need more information from actual artifacts found at sites around the world. With artifacts, we can provide a more conclusive picture of how different cultures produced, consumed, valued or tabooed, alcohol. Analysis of residues on ceramics provides valuable knowledge about food production practices and trade. However, it is important not to neglect other links in the chain of human food and drink use, most notably consumption itself, the facet of culture we know the least about. ALCOHOL IN PREHISTORIC SOCIETIES: There is...
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...University of Phoenix Material Multicultural Matrix and Analysis Worksheet Instructions: Part I: Select and identify six groups in the left-hand column. Complete the matrix. Part II: Write a summary. Part III: Format references consistent with APA guidelines. |Part I: Matrix |What is the group’s history in the United |What is the group’s population in the |What are some attitudes and customs |What is something you admire about | | |States? |United States? |people of this group may practice? |this group’s people, lifestyle, or | | | | | |society? | |Native Americans |Native Americans were already residing in |The 2010 census reported 2.9 million |Native Americans are known because of |Throughout history, Native Americans | | |what is known today as the United States |people with Native American heritage. |their humble background. Although the |were slain, abused, and now | | |when America was discovered. They also |This number represents an increase of |majority of them do not share |outnumbered. Despite of these facts, | | ...
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...director of a local television station, it is my duty to make my lead story about what is happening in the community. A celebrity’s death is important to many, but the parks closing three days a week will affect my audience more. When reporting news, you should always think about the effects of the community and not the ratings. Rating matter, but not as much as people seem to think they should. Today’s headline is that the city council has just voted to close all city parks for three days a week to save money. I think we should get together and do a fundraiser to allow our children to play at the park when us adults need a break. They will probably close these parks from Saturday to Monday. These days are two of the days that children are not in school. What about our younger children not old enough for school. Many take their children to the park in the morning time, while the school-age children are at school. “Why do we need to save money at a city park, anyway?” City parks are free for the children to play anytime during the day. I think we need to protest the city council’s decision. “Don’t you think so?” Next on discussion today is that Whitney Houston has died. They found her body in a full...
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...Art from the past can depict and influence culture in a variety of ways, and can still be seen in our own culture today. At times, we might often wonder how a tradition or ritual had originally started, but never actually retrieve many answers. Fortunately, art from centuries ago could help us trace the clues to how things began. The things that we see and use nowadays could have easily be connected to the past as a sacred relic or a powerful symbol. Though we may not know it, we could very well be using some of the same customs that many have used in the past, but in our own modern way. Regardless of when it was made or where it was originated, art can take on different forms, but still hold some of the same meaning it had had from many years...
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...The article’s headline serves as an indicator of the key subject areas for the critical analysis, by Peter Matheson, of the humanist movement and how it was intertwined to the reform movements of the sixteenth century. The reader should care about what the author is saying because of his in-depth analysis of two very different ways of thinking and how these ways of thinking reflected the culture that was around them. This subject is interesting because it offers a unique perspective on the way human self-worth and importance was viewed and how Peter Matheson believed humanism was not essentially the key force driving the reforms of the sixteenth century. After reading Matheson’s analysis of humanism and the reform movements, it seems to me...
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...FILM 3759G Dr. Christopher J Mitchell Chengdong Hu Analysis of Cultural Denotation and Humanity in Ang Lee’s Films Ang Lee’s film works, not only in the business, but in artistic level won the world audience recognition. He grew up in a traditional Chinese family and study in the United States. The differences between eastern and western culture took a sharp collision in his heart, and it revealed without hiding in his movie and finally become his own unique aesthetic features. This article try to read Lee’s creative thought and artistic style through analysis and research of Lee’s special culture background master’s creative ideas, and learn more about the human temperament of the director which is full glory of human nature. First, this article will introduce about Ang Lee’s growing environment and studying experiences, in order to analysis the formation of his Chinese and Western characteristics. Secondly, through multiple films, the article would analysis of the impact of the East-West cultural collision and merger. Furthermore, a comprehensive interpretation of Ang’s unique film elements and the traits would be expounded. Abstract Ang Lee, Taiwan filmmaker, however, doesn’t have the same characteristics with other Taiwan film makers. He is like a movie ranger, with no specific cultural identity, however, simultaneously, it could be find a certain kind of familiar cultural identity on him, especially in his...
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...Abstract This paper provides an interim assessment of my company by using certain tools as applicable. The analysis will seek to address the following: what tools are available to provide analysis, identify the tools and how they are used, the benefits of each tool, concluding with an organization change agenda demonstrated by a Balance Score Card of the company. The following tools will be used in the analysis: Organizational Culture – “This is defined as a pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its problem of external adaptation and internal integration”. This assumes the initial stage of identifying Organizational Capital We will examine the Nirvana group using the “ice berg” principle to demonstrate how the culture is made up. The “7-s Frame work”---A system used to garner a better understanding of an organization. This tool will be used simultaneously to: To conduct a SWOT analysis and identify the seven key elements existing in the company and to what benefit they serve. “Balanced Score Card”--- This will address the organization change agenda by identifying and measuring three criteria, namely; Customer Perspective, Alignment, and teamwork. Resort Demographics The Nirvana hotel group is Jamaican owned and operated, it comprises four resorts totalling 920 rooms “Nirvana Resorts’ primary target market is defined as the active, romance-expectant couple. The typical clientele are adults...
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...Multicultural Analysis Elizabeth Alston ENG157 March 11, 2013 Melissa Sheppard Multicultural Analysis Multicultural literature offers the reader a brief look into a new or unknown culture. The traditions, values, beliefs, and lifestyle are revealed through the story, and the reader realizes why certain actions or decisions are made. In the various stories throughout this course there are common themes represented in many. Modern ideas and traditional beliefs often disagree and this is shown in Chinua Achebe’s “Dead Men’s Path,” Chitra Divakaruni’s “Mrs Dutta Writes a Letter,” and Subhadra Sen Gupta’s “Good Girls Are Bad News.” These stories illustrate the conflict between modern ways of thinking versus traditional beliefs and if the ability to change is present. Every culture has their traditions and practices that make them who they are. These traditions are learned from past generations and continually passed on. It takes many years to change common customs as well as open minds. When something is practiced decade after decade it makes it harder to accept change, especially for the older generations who are very much set in their ways. This is demonstrated in all three stories. In “Dead Men’s Path” it is the young headmaster, Obi who wants to move forward and eliminate the path from the school as he thinks it is not necessary. Obi believes the school’s appearance is more important than years and years of tradition. In “Mrs Dutta Writes a Letter” it is the...
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...RETHINKING THE IDENTITY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: INTERDISCIPLINARY REFLECTIONS The world of government and public administration has traveled far since the early days of its struggle for disciplinary independence. Lately, there has been talk of the advent of a new spirit in the public sector, or at least expectations of its coming. Some say that such a spirit is already here. Others aver we are witnessing only the tip of change. The world wide globalization process supported by stronger orientations towards open markets, open highways of information, growing levels of organizational learning and interdisciplinarity in the social sciences have also made their impact on the study of our bureaucracies. Yet by all definitions public administration in the beginning of the 2000s still lacks the sense of identity that other fields of the social sciences has long since obtained. In other words, the Have you looked outside lately at the world of government and administration? Have you noticed a strange scent in the air indicating the arrival of a new spirit in the public sector? Some people say it is already here. Others say we have only witnessed the edge of the change. Yet by all definitions public administration at the beginning of the 2000s is looking for its way forward. Today, it is already much different from what it used to be forty, thirty, and even twenty or ten years ago. In the coming years it is going to be even more different. field is looking back and down into its...
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...find an excellent compilation of essays regarding the history of terrorism. Beginning with the earliest recorded manifestations of terrorism to the present day, the editors provide not only detailed accounts of terrorism through the ages, but valuable historical context that helps the reader understand the complexities of the terrorism we face today. Overall, the purpose of this book is to show that terrorism is used for political purposes, that it is psychological in nature, and that this has been the case throughout history. The editors organize this collection of essays into a roughly chronological order that provides continuity to the argument that terrorism has evolved throughout history, while maintaining signature characteristics that distinguish it from other types of warfare. Beginning with the Zealots and Assassins of pre-medieval history, readers will soon begin to make connections between the various eras of terrorism. Additionally, this chronological arrangement lends itself to understanding that from its earliest stages, terrorism has always been a tactic that “…is the most violent form of psychological warfare (viii), and that “Terrorism is above all a tool, or, if you will, a technique” (50). Pre-French revolution terrorism, the French revolution, and the birth of modern terrorism all the way through to modern religious terrorism are covered in detail. Although the chronological order is loose, it shows that history gives even...
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...Student Name | [Research Methodology Assignment] | This research specifies information needed, issues addressed, methods and a design of collecting information, how data collection has been managed and implemented, analyzed and lastly communicates the results and findings and their implications with Literature and evidence. | Table of Contents Background 2 Literature Review 2 Overview of the Marketing Research Procedure 2 Stages of Marketing Research Procedure 2 Stage 1: Purpose of Market Research 2 Stage 2: Research Objective 3 Stage 3: Estimation of value of research 4 Stage 4: Research Design 4 Exploratory research 4 Data Analysis 4 Questionnaire, Sampling and Sampling size designing 4 Stage 5: Data Collection 6 Stage 6: Data Analysis 6 Stage 7: Result and Presentation 7 Marketing Research Process of Tesco goes to China Analysis 7 Background 7 Stage 1 Research Purpose 7 References 8 Background The reason behind choosing the Market research is because as stated by Philip Kotler (2007), it defines the first step of economic process. And it links to the consumers, public to marketer, customers and lets you identify, define and analyse marketing opportunities and issues pertinent to the marketing. The process of market research renders researcher scope to evaluate process, generate, refine and define marketing current actions. It helps to monitor market performances, and also enables a clear picture of understanding the marketing process. It is noted that market...
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