...Photosynthesis and Aerobic Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Aerobic Cellular Respiration Emily Satterstrom AIU student | Photosynthesis | Aerobic Cellular Respiration | Full balanced equation | 6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2 | C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O +ATP | Reactants | Carbon Dioxide, Water, and light energy | Glucose and Oxygen | Products | Glucose and Oxygen | Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP | Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic? State which one it is. | Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction. This means it requires energy | Aerobic Cellular Respiration is an exergonic reaction. This means that it gives off energy. | Energy source used | Sunlight | Glucose | Cell organelles involved in the reaction | Chloroplasts | Mitochondria | Role of ATP in the reaction | ATP is synthesized in the light dependant stage and stores energy which is used in the light-independent stage to synthesize glucose. | ATP is produced in the reaction and released as energy. | Photosynthesis The organisms that can use photosynthesis to produce glucose are called photoautotrophs. Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make their own food through photosynthesis. Because of this, autotrophs are considered the producers of the food chain. Eukaryotic plants, algae, and some prokaryotes are all examples of photoautotrophs. [ (Windows to the Universe) ] Aerobic Cellular Respiration The types of organisms that exclusively use aerobic cellular respiration to break down glucose...
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...Life 120 Lab #1 “Cell Structure and Function And Movement of Materials across Cell Membranes” 1-20-15 Plant Cell Structure Abstract: In cells, water will move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This was addressed by observing the changes in cells as they were surrounded by NaCl solution and later by a water solution. The results support our hypothesis and show that the composition of the surroundings has a visible (under a microscope) effect on the shape and structure of each individual cell. As the NaCl concentration increased, water rushed out of the cells and caused them to pull away from the wall while as the water concentration increased water rushed into the cells and caused them to swell. Introduction: The “big problem” that is being addressed is the change in a cell’s structure when surrounded by different concentrations of solutions. It is known that substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, but to validate this knowledge, we must observe the change in a cell from its “normal” state with the addition of solutions. Questions that must be answered are what affect a different NaCl solution has on plant cells as compared to water? The hypothesis being tested in this report is that when a plant cell is introduced to a NaCl solution, the water in the cells will move out to an area of low concentration, thereby altering the shape of the cell. This directly relates to the key question. Materials...
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...I am always excited when it comes to doing lab experiments in this class. Especially when it comes to experimenting with things that will have a drastic change at the end. Doing lab ten, I was kind of desperate to see the result in the chemicals that I was working with. For example, when I was doing experiment 10.1 Aerobic Cellular Respiration, in this lab I had to wait a couple of minutes to see if the phenol red solution will turn into yellow if I stir it for about 40 minutes. This was the section that surprised me the most because I honestly did not believe that the Phenol red solution was going to change the color if I stir it. My professor and my group members were even seeing the solution change from pink to red, red to orange, and then...
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...Vocabulary: Cell Energy Cycle Vocabulary • Aerobic respiration – a chemical process in which oxygen is used to produce energy from carbohydrates. o Aerobic respiration produces much more energy than anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration results in the formation of 30 to 38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. • Anaerobic respiration – a chemical process in which carbohydrates are partially broken down without using oxygen. A small amount of energy is produced in this manner. o Anaerobic respiration produces much less energy than aerobic respiration, resulting in the formation of 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. • ATP – adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes. o Energy is released when an ATP molecule is converted to an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule. • Cellular respiration – a process by which energy is released from food. o When oxygen is present, oxygen and glucose combine to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules. The by-products of cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen are carbon dioxide and water. o When oxygen is not present, a smaller amount of energy is produced from the breakdown of glucose. Possible by-products include lactic acid and alcohol. • Chemical energy – energy that is released or absorbed in chemical reactions. o In the cell, chemical energy is stored in glucose molecules...
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...producing carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and energy. The burning of food in the cells results in the free of energy is called respiration. Carbon dioxide and water, which are formed during respiration, are transferred through various organs of the body. The energy released in respiration fulfils the energy needs of the body. Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration is the process that takes place in presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration break down molecules to get hold of bio-chemical energy and has oxygen. Molecules used by cells in aerobic respiration are glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. Glucose + Oxygen →Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water The aerobic respiration is an energy making process. During the process of aerobic respiration as many as 38 molecules of ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose that is utilized. Aerobic respiration process breaks down a single glucose molecule to yield 38 units of the energy storing ATP molecules. Anaerobic respiration. The term anaerobic means without air, which takes place without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is the process of oxidation of molecules in the absence of oxygen, which produces energy in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). Anaerobic respiration is identical when the glycolysis of energy production is useful in a particular cell. The process of anaerobic respiration for making of energy can occur in either of the ways shown below: Glucose → Energy (ATP) + Ethanol...
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...The Importance of Photosynthesis and Respiration Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food you eat: Photosynthesis is the process in which certain life forms are able to use sunlight to create energy. This energy is created by making carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll. Plants release large amounts of oxygen into the atmosphere as they produce much more than needed during the photosynthesis process. Aerobic respiration is an important process in life as we know it. This process further breaks down molecules and sugars using oxygen. During this process adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is created, used to store and transfer energy to cells throughout the body. (Aerobic respiration, 2010) Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are both needed for each other to be able to perform their primary functions. One without the other would not work properly. Between both of these processes we receive three main sources; water, carbon dioxide and oxygen. Plants and animals require all three of these in order to live. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are a lot like a circle. Animals need oxygen to live and emit carbon dioxide, while plants need carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and omit oxygen, thus completing the circle. (Photosynthesis, 2005) During the photosynthesis stage a plant produces oxygen that aerobic respiration will use in order to break molecules, during this process electrons...
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...Define the following terms: Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points) Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and can be used in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration, or cell respiration using oxygen, uses the end product of glycolysis in the TCA cycle to produce more energy currency in the form of ATP than can be obtained from an anaerobic pathway. Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points) Fermentation is a metabolic process converting sugar to acids, gases or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved human muscle cells. Fermentation is used by humans to make beer and food, like kimchi. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic digestion that generates ATP by the process of substrate-level phosphorylation. Summarize what occurs during the three steps of cellular respiration and indicate where each process takes place in the cell. (6 points) Glycolysis: It is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm. It converts each molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid. It refers to an anaerobic process that proceeds whether or not oxygen is present or not. The pyruvic acid diffuses into the inner compartment of the mitochondrion where a transition reaction occurs that starts to prepare pyruvic acid for the next stage of respiration. Krebs cycle-This is the second...
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...Photosynthesis and Respiration and the Links Shawna Smith November 24, 2013 IP2-SCIE206-Biology Photosynthesis and Respiration and the Links The sun plays a vital role in the survival of life on our planet. We all use its light for many reasons. We use it to create energy for some of our basic needs. There are other ways to create energy for some of our daily life, and other living things can create energy by no light source. The energy is produced by photosynthesis and respiration. This helps the cells in every living organism. Photosynthesis is one of the ways that energy is produced. Photosynthesis is only preformed by plants because they contain chlorophyll. “Photosynthesis is the process by which plant cells capture and process the sun’s energy to make this energy available to all living things” (Educational Board [EB], 2012). Photosynthesis happens when the sunlight is captured by the chlorophyll, carbon dioxide enters through the stomata and water enters through the roots. Photosynthesis produces glucose and water. The carbon dioxide is produced by animals which breathe it out and the glucose, which is sugar, is produced by the process of photosynthesis. This production is helpful to both the plants and animals. The oxygen produced as a by-product is used by the animals and humans. The bi-product produced by the animals and humans is used by the plants. They benefit both and help each of them survive. “Photosynthesis occurs in two stages are called the light...
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...supply of cellular energy. This energy comes in the form of Adenosine Tri-phosphate (ATP), which provides the biological energy for cells to carry out their many functions. The energy in ATP is released through the process of hydrolysis and is broken down into Adenosine Di-phosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphorus. It through the hydrolysis of ATP that its energy is released, allowing all the biological processes of the body to occur. However, this process is reversible by one of two processes. The first process is anaerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration converts the pyruvic acid into lactic acid that is then transported to the liver to be converted back into glucose when sufficient oxygen becomes available, while only resulting in a small amount of ATP produced (~2 molecules). When oxygen is sufficient, aerobic respiration occurs that results in a significantly larger amount of ATP (~34 molecules) without the build-up of lactic acid....
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...Introduction. a. Background Information. Cellular respiration is the oxidation of organic compounds through cellular metabolism to release energy in a form that is usable by a cell. There are two basic types of cellular respiration aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration requires the use of oxygen and anaerobic respiration which does not use oxygen. There are several types of anaerobic respiration, most familiar is a process called fermentation. Aerobic respiration is the process by which ATP is produced by cells by the complete oxidation of organic compounds using oxygen . In aerobic respiration oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, accepting electrons that ultimately come from the energy rich organic compounds we consume. Aerobic Respiration takes place in three stages. Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle and electron transport chain. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and all cells regardless of the type of cellular respiration they do are able to carry out glycolysis. Because of this we believe that glycolysis probably arose very early in the evolution of life on the planet. In glycolysis glucose is partially oxidized and broken down into two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvic acid. In the process, glycolysis produced 4 ATP for a net gain of two ATP and two molecules of NADH. Each NADH is carrying two energy rich electrons away from the glucose and these electrons can be used by the cell to do work. After glycolysis...
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...Preparation Cellular Respiration 1. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below. Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? A. Row 1 B. Row 2 C. Row 3 D. Row 4 Base your answers to questions 2 & 3 on the diagrams below and your knowledge of biology. The arrow below each lettered process indicates where the process takes place. 2. Process A is known as A. photosynthesis C. dehydration synthesis B. fermentation D. aerobic respiration 3. Glucose is a product of A. process A, only C. process B and process C B. process B, only D. process A and process C 4. Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create energy. B. Only photosynthesis causes an increase in kinetic energy. C. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds. D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require chemical energy to make food. 5. A student prepared a test tube containing yeast, glucose, and water. After 24 hours, the test tube was analyzed for the presence of several substances. What substance would the student expect to find if respiration occurred in the test tube? A. a hormone C. nitrogen B. starch D. carbon dioxide 6. One type of anaerobic respiration results in the...
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...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is the aerobic harvesting of a chemical energy from organic fuel. The three stages are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport. • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of glycolysis is splitting sugar into two parts. This allows the cells to make ATP. When the splitting of the two molecules of ATP happen they turn into two molecules of pyruvic acid and the two electrons carrying NADH are produce. • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of the citric acid cycle is to reduce and carry electrons that are high in energy to the next stage. In this stage, glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA by creating many compounds that can store the high-energy electrons along the ATP molecules. • What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The electron transport system transfers the electrons through electron carriers. The energy that is released by electrons pumps hydrogen ions across the inner membranes of the mitchondrin, thus creating high hydrogen ion concentration. ...
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...Cellular Respiration Lab Report Purpose The purpose of this lab was to find out which substance, molasses, sucrose, or the items of choice. This experiment was done to help the students understand which substance the yeast could perform cellular respiration in and why it could depending on it’s structure and bonds. From this experiment students should be able to better understand cellular respiration and why it occurs, like how it happens and how the organism benefits from cellular respiration. Also it should be understood what substances cellular respiration occurs on more easily and which substances take longer, and why that is because of what they are composed of. Hypotheses For this experiment there were two substances to be brought in and experimented with, substances that were tried were pure honey and water. 1). 50 ml of pure honey will produce 10 cm of carbon dioxide. 2). 25 ml of pure honey diluted with 25 ml of water will produce 7 cm of carbon dioxide. Introduction There are two processes to remove energy, that is aerobic and anaerobic. Anaerobic is the process of fermentation and requires no oxygen. Aerobic is cellular respiration and requires oxygen. Going further into aerobic is the process of cellular respiration is the process which energy is removed in the form of ATP, this process requires oxygen and a food source. All Oxygen using organisms perform cellular respiration. There are 3 major steps to cellular respiration: 1). Glycolysis- It...
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...Cellular Respiration My hypothesis for the germinated pea experiment was that the level of aerobic respiration would increase as the temperature would increase. I also predicted that there would be an upper temperature limit. The experiment proved part of my hypothesis correct and part of it incorrect. I was correct in predicting that the rate would increase as the temperature increase, but I was incorrect in hypothesizing that there would be an upper limit. My hypothesis for the larvae experiment was that the level of aerobic respiration would increase as the temperature increased and there would be an upper temperature limit. My hypothesis was proved to be correct, for the rate of respiration continued to increase until the upper limit was hit and the rate started to decline. There were no unexpected results from our group, but I noticed that group six had some unexpected data in the class larvae table. The only explanation I can make out of it is that the group made a math error. I do not have any suggestions to make this experiment better. Other factors that can affect the rate of cellular respiration are amount of available nutrients, because this allows more energy to be produced from the cell with an increase in amount of nutrients. Another factor is the state of the cell, such as the difference between working and dormant cells or the difference between plant and animal cells. From our data, we noticed that the temperature had an effect...
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...energy required by cells in order to perform its mandated metabolic activities. This process is also known as aerobic respiration and is the main reason as to why animals are mandated to breathe in oxygen. Without mitochondria, complex organisms would cease to exist because their cells would only be able to obtain energy from anaerobic respiration. This process is known to be much less efficient than aerobic respiration. Using aerobic respiration, these tiny but...
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