...Whenever I hear the word respiration I think of the word ‘respire’. Respire is breathing, us, as humans we need to breathe. Every time we breathe we take in oxygen and we exhale carbon dioxide. In this lab the topic was about cellular respiration. The lab is to investigate fermentation in respiration. Cellular respiration is a process an organism goes through to obtain energy, ATP [adenosine triphosphate]. Oxygen is then reacted with glucose which results in water, carbon dioxide and ATP. Every organism goes through some type of respiration but only animal cells undergo cellular respiration. For this lab we came up with a question, what environmental conditions are optimum for alcoholic fermentation? What temperature ranges? Our hypothesis was, higher temperature will accelerate the production of carbon dioxide between honey and yeast....
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...Cellular Respiration Ben Gipson BIO 1400 Exercise 6.1 Alcoholic fermentation is a metabolic pathway used primarily by yeast and some bacteria. In fermentation, glucose is broken down into ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide. In the process, some of the energy that had been stored in the glucose bonds is used to form high energy bonds in ATP. Name some factors that affect enzyme activity. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration Materials: yeast, test tubes, beakers, rubber stoppers, wax pencil, water, corn syrup Procedure: 1. You will need to have three fermentation setups, so you should have six large test tubes, three pieces of plastic tubing that have been inserted into rubber stoppers, and three beakers (400 or 600 mL). Using a wax pencil, label three of the test tubes 1, 2, and 3 and set them aside. Assemble the setups one at a time following steps 2-7. 2. Fill a tub or sink with hot water. 3. Insert the end of the plastic tubing into one of the test tubes. This tube will be the CO2 collection tube. Submerge the collection tube and plastic tubing in the tub of hot water. 4. Submerge the beaker. Place the collection tube in the beaker in an inverted position. 5. Bring the beaker out of the water. One end of the plastic tubing should still be inserted in the collection tube. Hold up the other end of the tubing (the one with the rubber stopper on it) so that the water won’t be siphoned out. Setting up the CO2 collection...
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...Cellular respiration is where stored energy is extracted from food, specifically glucose, through a process of metabolic reactions. This process begins in the cytoplasm with glycolysis, which breaks down 1 molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate. Next, it goes to pyruvate oxidation (occurs in the mitochondrial matrix) where it takes the 2 pyruvates and oxidizes it to make the products of 2 acetyl CoA, 2 molecules of CO₂, and 2 NADH. Then it continues onto the citric acid cycle which goes through a series of catalyzing enzyme reactions and since there are 2 pyruvates, the total products are 4 CO₂, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂, and 2 ATP. Finally, in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, the electrons from NADH and FADH₂ is utilized in the electron transport chain (ETC). The 3 transmembrane proteins in ETC are used as hydrogen pumps while the 2 carrier molecules allow transporting of electrons between hydrogen pumps. Also, oxygen ends up being the final electron acceptor in this process. Eventually, the hydrogen ions flow down their...
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...Name _________________________________ Date _____________ Period ______ Lab: Investigating Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Background: All organisms are dependent on a healthy carbon dioxide-oxygen balance. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key processes in maintaining this balance. Plants, through the process of photosynthesis, use energy absorbed from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugars and oxygen. Animals and plants, through the process of cellular respiration, use oxygen and sugars to produce carbon dioxide, water, and the energy needed to maintain life. Purpose: To determine how carbon dioxide cycles through a biological system by performing the “Carbon Transfer Through Snails and Elodea” lab activity. Procedure: 1. Read through the background information and purpose. Create your own question for what you are investigating in this experiment. a. Problem (in question form): How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? 2. Obtain 8 test tubes of equal size/volume and number the test tubes 1-8. Fill each test tube with approximately 30 mL of deionized water. 3. Add enough bromothymol blue (BTB) indicator to solution to each test tube to change the water to a green color (about 3 mL). 4. What is Bromothymol Blue? Why is the BTB in the test tube green (Hint: recall the teacher demonstration)? Bromothymol blue is an indicator that changes color when carbon dioxide is present. Green in...
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...more than when we are resting. Exercise is carried out by increasing the respiration rate and the heart rate. (BBC Bitesize 2014) Exercise occurs when the muscles contract and relax which create movement. Energy for cells is created in the mitochondria of every cell, through the process of cellular respiration (Glucose + Oxygen -----> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY). The Mitochondria is known as the "powerhouse" of all cells and they act like...
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...Define the following terms: Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points) Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and can be used in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration, or cell respiration using oxygen, uses the end product of glycolysis in the TCA cycle to produce more energy currency in the form of ATP than can be obtained from an anaerobic pathway. Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points) Fermentation is a metabolic process converting sugar to acids, gases or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved human muscle cells. Fermentation is used by humans to make beer and food, like kimchi. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic digestion that generates ATP by the process of substrate-level phosphorylation. Summarize what occurs during the three steps of cellular respiration and indicate where each process takes place in the cell. (6 points) Glycolysis: It is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm. It converts each molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid. It refers to an anaerobic process that proceeds whether or not oxygen is present or not. The pyruvic acid diffuses into the inner compartment of the mitochondrion where a transition reaction occurs that starts to prepare pyruvic acid for the next stage of respiration. Krebs cycle-This is the second...
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...Blow Up a Balloon with Cellular Respiration Introduction: Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms of the fungi kingdom. They are facultative anaerobe, which means that they can respire or ferment depending upon environmental conditions. In the presence of oxygen, respiration takes place (aerobic respiration). Without oxygen present, fermentation occurs (anaerobic respiration). Both processes require sugar to produce cellular energy. Here is the chemical reaction of fermentation, which produces ethanol and carbon dioxide as metabolic waste products. Objective: In this lab, students will use the respiration powers of yeast to blow balloons. This activity will reinforce the basic principles of respiration as a fundamental metabolic process for living organisms using yeast as a model. It will also explore how humans use this biological knowledge in everyday life. Material: balloons narrow funnel 1 tablespoon (15mL) active dry yeast 1 teaspoon (5 mL) sugar measuring spoons measuring cup warm water ruler Safety: Remind students there is NO eating or drinking in the lab. Students must not attempt to inflate the balloons with their mouths, especially after it is filled with the reacting agents. Procedure: 1. Place the bottom of a funnel into the opening of the balloon. You may need to stretch the opening of the balloon a little bit so that it fits. 2. Have a carefully supervised student pour the yeast and the sugar...
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...Metabolism III: Oxidative Cellular Respiration Introduction Oxidative cellular respiration is composed of series metabolic processes that convert broken down food molecules into usable energy in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). The process follows oxidation (catabolic) and reduction (anabolic) pathways. Processes involved are glycolysis, Krebs or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain. One step in the TCA cycle is the enzyme-catalyzed conversion of succinate to fumarate in a redox reaction. In intact cells succinate loses hydrogen ions and electrons to FAD to form fumarate. This step in the TCA cycle will be used to study the rate of cellular respiration under different conditions. (Patriquin, M. Rand, T. 2012). Since DPIP is a reducing dye it will absorb the hydrogen ions and electrons from the redox reaction of the TCA cycle between succinate and fumarate producing a discoloration of the dye. The discoloration is measured in percent transmittance of light over 30minutes at 5 minute intervals. The change in dye color is the associated with cellular respiration activity, and will be used to record the cellular respiration rate in mitochondria isolated from pulverized lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) and subsequent effects of different substrate concentration, pH, and metabolic inhibitors . If the difference of light percent transmission produced by (DPIP) can be recorded over time associated with the cellular respiration rate then the rate...
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...|11 |11 |11 | |100 watts |12 |13 |12 |12 | Purpose The purpose of this lab was to investigate the relationship of light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis. Introduction This lab was conducted to examine the two biological processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is a process that uses carbon dioxide, water and energy to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular Respiration is the reverse process of photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration uses the glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. These become the main source of food and energy for the plants and animals. The basis of the relationship between plants and animals is that they have a co-dependency upon each other because they are both making something the other needs. Hypothesis or Predicted Outcome I hypothesize that the production of gas will continue to increase as the light intensity amount increases. Methods Under controlled experiential conditions we observed to see what changes occur in nature as the light source intensity is increased during the in cellular respiration process (Gnaigner, Steinlechner-Maran, Mendez & Margreiter, 1995). Ocean water was placed in a glass bowl, rocks and a seaweed...
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...1st Hour 12-4-15 Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis In my Photosynthesis Lab my group changed the amount of light intensity by increasing the amount of Light Bulbs used (2 per cup), making it Qualitative. By increasing the amount of light bulbs we noticed that the leaf disks floated to the top of the water 2 times as fast. The leaf disks floated to the top because the water put little pockets of CO2 and Oxygen and us putting more light bulbs the Oxygen and CO2 were being ¨put into” the leaf disks faster. In our Cellular Respiration Lab we first had to fill a plastic cup with water and put a thermometer in the water. Then we prepared the respirometers by putting ½ a cotton ball in each and push them down with a glass tube. Then we put in .5 mL of 15% of potassium hydroxide. Then we put 10 germinating mung beans in one respirometer and then 10 ¨controlled¨ corn kernels in the other. Then the respirometers were put into the water and we waited for it to ¨equalize¨. Then we added red manometer fluid to the tip of each tube. Then we waited to check how far the fluid traveled every 10 minutes until it entered the chamber. The initial temperature reading was 25 degrees C. If I could have changed something in this lab I would have increased the amount of corn and mung beans to see if it would increase the speed of the red manometer fluid. From these 2 labs I learned that water during the Photosynthesis process can add Oxygen and CO2 into a leaf. I also learned that...
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...Title: To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration. Introduction: In this experiment, we are going to investigate how the rate of respiration is affected by changes of temperature. Hypothesis: I think that the rate of respiration increases as the temperature increases; on the contrary, the rate of respiration decreases as temperature decreases. The reason is that as temperature increases until a certain point, acetyl-CoA works most efficiently, so that the amount of O2 and Co2 will increase as well. For instance, body temperature maintains constantly around 37℃. At this temperature, human beings can work more efficient than other extreme high or extreme low temperature. Experimental Design: Independent variable: Different temperatures (Inside & Outside) Dependent variable: The rate of respiration (Change in O2 & Change in Co2) Controls: * Timer * Pressure * Type + Number of worms * Volume of container * The initial amount of O2 and Co2 Materials: * 8 worms * 2 O2 sensors * 2 Co2 sensors * 2 Biochampers (250 ml) * 2 Thermometers * 2 Timers * 2 Lab Quest Minis * 2 Laptops Risk Assessment: Procedure: Put 4 worms in a biochamper inside the classroom. Set up O2 sensor and Co2 sensor in the biochamper. Set up O2 sensor, Co2 sensor and thermometer on the Lab Quest Mini, and then on the laptop. Wait for 2-3 minutes for Co2 inside to be even. Start the timer for 40...
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...produces more ATP. Thus more reps will be done under this condition. Or in other words stage 1 of the lab will have more reps than stage 2 because there is more energy available. During aerobic respiration the continuous break down of sugar will allow more activity to be done versus anaerobic respiration which will just be able to use the energy it currently has, it will not be able to create more. Could you tell when muscles went into anaerobic resp . what evidence? There was a tight feeling in the muscles along with tension and cramping. The oxygen could not be delivered to the cells quick enough to undergo oxidative phosphorylation and instead underwent anaerobic respiration in which oxygen is not needed. During anaerobic respiration, lactic acid fermentation occurred which causes the formation of lactase build up in the working muscles. This causes pain, stiffness, and fatigue which explains the symptoms experienced in the experiment. Panting was also experienced which occurs as a result of the body paying back the oxygen debt that was lost while lifting. When your muscles run out of oxygen, your muscle cells quickly try to produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation. The buildup of lactic acid causes a painful, burning sensation. Hot feeling after lifting. Explain using cellular respiration. Exercising increases the body’s heat production through cellular respiration. The more active you are, the more energy you consume. As more energy is burned, more heat is created...
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...Cellular Respiration Lab Report Purpose The purpose of this lab was to find out which substance, molasses, sucrose, or the items of choice. This experiment was done to help the students understand which substance the yeast could perform cellular respiration in and why it could depending on it’s structure and bonds. From this experiment students should be able to better understand cellular respiration and why it occurs, like how it happens and how the organism benefits from cellular respiration. Also it should be understood what substances cellular respiration occurs on more easily and which substances take longer, and why that is because of what they are composed of. Hypotheses For this experiment there were two substances to be brought in and experimented with, substances that were tried were pure honey and water. 1). 50 ml of pure honey will produce 10 cm of carbon dioxide. 2). 25 ml of pure honey diluted with 25 ml of water will produce 7 cm of carbon dioxide. Introduction There are two processes to remove energy, that is aerobic and anaerobic. Anaerobic is the process of fermentation and requires no oxygen. Aerobic is cellular respiration and requires oxygen. Going further into aerobic is the process of cellular respiration is the process which energy is removed in the form of ATP, this process requires oxygen and a food source. All Oxygen using organisms perform cellular respiration. There are 3 major steps to cellular respiration: 1). Glycolysis- It...
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...Rate of Photosynthesis Tyler Marshall AIU Biology Lab (SCIE2017 -1602A-16) * Purpose * The purpose of this lab is to find out the rate of photosynthesis. By measuring the number of oxygen bubbles using different light bulb watts. * Introduction * Photosynthesis and respiration are reactions that complement each other in the environment this much me we know. Even though they are the same thing the difference is that they happen in reverse. What happens is during photosynthesis; carbon dioxide and water yield glucose and oxygen. Also during respiration, glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water. As of a result of these two things the plants will give off oxygen. Which when in water you will be able to see the process happening through the release of bubbles. * Hypothesis or Predicted Outcome * The more light the plant is exposed to the higher the rate of photosynthesis. * Methods * In the lab we measure the rate of photosynthesis by exposing seaweed in a bowl of water to different light bulb watts. The watts where 0,25,50,100. The seaweed was exposed to each what for 1 hour, three different times. This was done in order to get an average of number of bubbles released to measure the rate of photosynthesis. Also in order to keep the experiment controlled for accrete results. * Results or Outcome * The experiment started out with exposing the seaweed to a light bulb with 0 watts. And after all three 1 hour trails...
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...Cellular Respiration Scientific Lab: lose control Adriana Resendiz Brandon Morse Halle Vogelpohl Clackamas Community College Cellular Respiration Scientific Lab: Lose Control Introduction My group wanted to find out the effects of an increase of mitochondrial suspension on the rate of aerobic cellular respiration. Specifically we're focusing on the second step of this process, The Kreb’s Cycle. Before the Kreb’s Cycle, the process of Glycolysis breaks glucose into 2 Pyruvate molecules, which is then oxidized into 2 Acetyl CoA. The two-carbon acetyl part of Acetyl CoA enters the Kreb’s Cycle with help from Coenzyme A, the latter of which is then recycled. The acetyl group combines with a four carbon molecule, marking a six carbon molecule...
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