...BACKGROUND The research paper addresses the diagnosis of aneuploidy during the first trimester using Nuchal Translucency. The study was done in the fetal medicine unit in Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in South Africa. It included a total of 428 patients who were screened between July 2003 and July 2005. Those patients were chosen using a set of criteria that the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) has established. The patients had a mean age of 30 years. Of all the patients, 59 were screened positive and the remaining 356 were screened negative. 24 of those that screened positive had Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) performed. CVS is an invasive prenatal test that takes a sample of the chorionic villi to asses for chromosomal defects4. Therefore,...
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...Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper HCS/435 Katherine Rossiter September 12, 2010 Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper This paper will share an opinion of the conflicts that exist between medical research and ethics in the subject matter of patients with mental retardation with medical condition such as hepatitis. In this paper the discussion of patient consent, benefits to patient, society, and medical professionals; therapeutic research; and research outcomes. Also this paper will discuss the potential role of institutional compliance and ethics committees, potential responsibilities of management, and the managerial approach one might have taken if one were in a position of power. When talking about patient consent there is many different types of consent. To name a few types of consent, incapacitated, decision-making capacity, surrogate healthcare decision maker, informed consent, expressed consent, and implied consent. When dealing with incapacitated consent this means that the patient is lacking the ability to make a reasonable medical judgment. In this type of consent there would be a surrogate decision maker appointed. Also in an incapacitated patient that has come in from an accident there would be an implied consent this would mean that the hospital staff would do whatever they had to do to sustain life. Decision-making capacity is one where the patient has full knowledge of what they want to be...
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...and assess five ethical principles to be considered when carrying out educational research .Relevant examples should be cited from educational systems in Zimbabwe .Ethical principles encompass morals or rules for distinguishing between right and wrong .This paper is taking an ethic as a method ,procedure or perspective for deciding how to act ,norm for behavior that suits particular aims and goals for analyzing complex problems and issues when conducting educational research .There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research .Norms promote the aims of an educational research , such as knowledge , truth and avoidance of error for example prohibitions against fabricating falsifying or avoid error .The five ethical principles are now going to be observed and assessed intern as the essay unfolds Definition of terms Educational system Ethics Ethical principles Educational research An examination of five ethical principles to be considered when carrying out educational research The first ethical principle to be considered in this paper is confidentiality ,privacy or protection of anonymity when carrying out educational research .Sales and Folkman(2000) assets that there is need to protect confidential communications ,such as papers , grants submitted for publication ,personal records ,trades or military secrets...
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...Ethical Principles Paper PSY/305 Name Date Instructor: Henrietta (Loretta) Pleasant, born in August of 1920 in Roanoke, VA, was an African American woman who was raised by her grandfather in a small cabin on a plantation. At the age of 14, she gave birth to her first child, a son, followed by a daughter four years later. She married the father of her children, her first cousin David Lacks, shortly thereafter. After having moved to Maryland for work, the couple had three other children. The last, Joseph, was born in November of 1950, and two months later, in January of 1951, Henrietta went to the hospital with abnormal bleeding. A malignant tumor of her cervix was discovered, and was treated with radiation therapy, which was ultimately unsuccessful. Mrs. Lacks died on October 4, 1951, at the age of 31. During the course of her treatment for cervical cancer, a section of the tumor was removed and sent to the pathology lab. While being treated with radiation, two more samples (one of healthy tissue, and one of cancerous tissue) were also removed without Henrietta’s consent or knowledge. These cell samples were given to Dr. George Otto Gey, a scientific researcher who had spent years trying to figure out how to keep cells alive outside the human body. In Henrietta’s cells, he found his answer. The cell line grown from Henrietta Lack’s sample, now known simply as HeLa, has been utilized in research and medical labs throughout the world since the 1950s. The controversy ...
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...Ethical issues – Interviews Vs Questionnaires Context: Children between the age of 8 to 10 years are learning Chess as part of their Mathematics curriculum. It is very beneficial and challenging. A research can be done to identify the benefits and the challenges using this age group of children. Children have certain rights that researchers need to take into consideration when collecting data. According to British Educational Research Education (BERA) guidelines (2011), all researchers have to comply with the Articles 3 and 12 of the United Nations Convention in the right of the children. Cresswell (2009), revealed that as researchers anticipate data collection, many ethical issues arise during the data collection through different methods like interviews and questioners. While collecting data, researchers should not put participants at risk. Hence, researchers need to have their research plan as per the BERA guidelines (2011), which promotes respect for all researchers and participants and those who use the research. Because BERA is always continuing with the best ethical practice and...
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...lady from Virginia. In 1951 Mrs. Lacks was diagnosed with cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital. HeLa cells were derived from Mrs. Lacks cancerous cells. The tumor cells were unusually aggressive. They spread throughout her body, and she died at the age of 31. The doctor who treated her took the biopsy sample and sent it to Dr. Gey who was a researcher at Johns Hopkins. They cultivated the biopsy sample of Mrs. Lacks cancerous tissue in Laboratory without her knowledge. This was the first time scientists have observed cells which showed extensive growth, and they were immortal....
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...Research Paper When you look at the different states, the majority of them have the same laws for age of consent, but a few of them are different. The purpose of me researching this is because I have family members that is a Defendant of statutory rape, but in reality he is the victim. I believe he is the victim because he is the one having to sit in prison and waste his life away because of the laws in Washington State, while the Victim is out living her life and not being affected at all. The legal definition of statutory rape is: “Statutory rape generally refers to sex with a person who is under an age specified by statute. At this point, most state laws call it something else.” This particular case was reported on the twentieth day of the second month in the year of 2008. He was sentenced on the seventeenth day of the third month in the year of 2008, almost a month after sitting in the county jail. He was charged with Rape of a Child Second Degree, in Washington state this means, “A person is guilty of rape of a child in the second degree when the person has sexual intercourse with another who is at least twelve years old but less than fourteen years old and not married to the perpetrator and the perpetrator is at least thirty-six months older than the victim.” If you look at both sides of the case (Victim vs. Defendant) you might ask your self, “How does this case affect both the victim and their (in this case a girl) family, and the defendant and their (in this case...
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...know what to do. Teenagers are too young to be allowed to get married, and a child commonly lives in single parent family (very often it is difficult to identify the father of the baby). The most common decision of the teenagers and their parents is to get rid of pregnancy. Abortion in such a young age is quite a regular thing nowadays, because a baby is a great responsibility and one can not study and work having it. On the other hand abortion influences the girl’s body badly and it is the next problem. So, the topic is extremely urgent in modern society and nearly every student is asked to prepare a research paper on teenage pregnancy and analyze the problem deeply. Students have to spend much time to discover some cultural aspects and points of view towards teenage pregnancy of different people of the world. They have to brainstorm good methods and solutions how to prevent it. In order to compose a successful paper one has to know how to present data and support the point of view and format the paper. The most common writing assistant is the Internet and students take advantage of free examples of research papers on teenage pregnancy available there. A successful research paper has to include the medical and psychological aspects of the...
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...18th 2009 The version of this document is: 5 Experts Working Group on data protection and privacy Chaired by: Caroline Gans-Combe Special thanks to the Panel Members: Andrew Bottomley, Duarte Carvalho-Oliveira, Costas A. Charitidis, Eva Del Hoyo-Barbolla, Anne Demoisy, Anna Giovanetti, Walter Hannak, James Houghton, David Morton, François Moutou , Jane Lamprill, Antony Lebeau, David Townend, and Mary Sharp. - Very special thanks to the Ethics Team : Isidoros Karatzas, Mihalis Kritikos, Yamina Cheikh, Paulette Matkovic Ramirez, Marie Cocquyt, Marco Michelini, Stefan de Vos and François Hirsch General disclaimer: this document examines the major concepts of data protection and privacy from the point of view of research ethics. It aims at raising awareness about these concepts in the scientific community and at assisting applicants while preparing to submit their project proposals. It does not seek to discuss these concepts in-depth but provides a general overview of their main parameters and some basic suggestions regarding their handling for the purposes of the European Commission's Ethical Review procedure. This document represents an effort to reflect on the experience gained during the operation of the Ethics Review mechanism and to provide some practical guidance, thus it will be regularly updated. The document contains three sections: → 1. The first section consists of an awareness list which contains the main questions that need to be taken...
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...Epidemiology Paper In this epidemiological paper, I will be discussing about my chosen vulnerable population of elderly and the disease of type II diabetes among elderly population. I will also be discussing epidemiology and what it means, the steps and methods of epidemiology and how it was done for my chosen population and disease. Ethical and legal considerations, how to provide culturally competent care, and at last, I will discuss whether the research was descriptive or analytical, and the process of feasibility and evaluation of prevention of diseases. As stated in Nursing Standard, epidemiology is a scientific research discipline concerned with observing, measuring and analyzing health-related occurrences in human populations (Last 1995, Trichopoulos 1996). Mausner and Kramer (1985) suggest that epidemiological studies can be applied to all diseases, conditions and health-related events (Whitehead, 2000). Although epidemiology is focused on observing, measuring, and analyzing, it also evaluates diseases and health services, rationalizes resources, and prioritizes as to how to formulate strategies for health promotion. Epidemiology can also help to determine the health of the population, planning of health policies and services, and maintaining a healthy environment for all. When it comes to nursing, epidemiology offers nurses many benefits in incorporating health practices into their professional roles, helps them in having a better understanding in regards to the disease...
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...Evaluating the Research Process HCS 465 Evaluating the Research Process The article “Are abnormal premorbid personality traits associated with Alzheimer’s disease?-A case-control study” is very informative for those researching such cases. This paper will provide an explanation as to how the research for the above article was conducted. Research is a vital process that consists of very specific stages which result in new conclusions. These stages consist of selecting an issue to conduct research on, formulate a hypothesis, reviewing the provided information, identifying each different aspect, providing an explanation, and analyzing the information/data in order to formulate a conclusion. Just as the article is titled, this is a case-control study. Each participant and informant which will be explained provided consent, whether it was written or verbal. This design of research was utilized to identify and provide factors which are believed to possibly play a role in certain medical conditions. As any other research is conducted and hypotheses are formed, a comparison must be made to establish the case. In this study, there were 217 participants which have onset Alzheimer’s disease. Out of the 217 participants, there were 57 males and 160 females. This portion of participants was grouped between the ages of 67 to 98 years of age. The control groups were made up of 76 siblings who do not have the same condition, Alzheimer’s. This group consisted of 32 males and...
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...Option: Personal Interview Introduction to Assignment: The experiential learning paper should be an extensive and thoughtful research paper which synthesizes scholarly research and personal experience. Synthesize means to blend and create something new and unique, so you will combine your research with your experience to create a new understanding of the topic. The paper should be at least 5-6 pages long (including cover page, but not reference pages), citing at least three scholarly sources in addition to the information provided through the course texts and classroom lectures/discussions. It should include research and reflection components, and will represent 20% of the student’s course grade. The finished paper should be typed, double-spaced with 12-point font, and one-inch margins and use all appropriate APA conventions. It should be free from spelling, punctuation or usage errors. All experiential learning papers should also include, at minimum, the four critical components and best practices for experiential learning described below: 1. BUILDING A FOUNDATION FOR THE EXPERIENCE: Conducting Research and Pre-Reflection (Frontloading) 2. HAVING THE EXPERIENCE: Observing and Describing the Concrete Experience 3. REFLECTING ON THE EXPERIENCE: Considering Lessons Learned and Abstract Conceptualizations 4. APPLYING THE EXPERIENCE TO FUTURE SITUATIONS: Using New Knowledge through Active Experimentation Instructions for Personal Interview We each see the world through lenses...
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.... Inform Consent Draft • Purpose of the research: Primary purpose of the study it to determine whether child abuse rates can be decreased through intervention programs with mothers being treated for substance abuse. It is conducted by the principle investigator Dr. Johns. • Procedures involved in the research: The criteria to use to determine the risk would be Parenting Stress Index and a test of knowledge of child development. Using the plan, after determination, those who are at risk would then be randomized to receive either to receive social work visits alone or the experimental intervention involving counseling, a brief education program on child development, and regular social work visits. After six months control group participants...
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...Making a Connection between Student Achievement, Teacher Accountability, and Quality Classroom Instruction. Mahdi Alreshidi Educational Data Analysis EDUC 5504 Shawnee State University 1. Are the aims and objectives of the research clearly stated? Answer: Yes, aims and objectives of this research are to improve the relationship between classroom instruction and standardized test content and to see the effects these have on students,” parents and teachers. • What are the goals of the research? Answer: The goals of this research are: 1. To identify factors that affect student performance 2. To...
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...Unit Aims This unit aims to develop learners’ understanding of the purpose of research in the health and social care sectors. Learners will be able to explore different research methodologies, enable them to plan and conduct their own research relating to a health or social care issue and evaluate the success of the outcomes. Unit Objectives 1 Understand the function of research in health and social care 2 Understand ethical issues relating to research in health and social care 3 Understand research methodologies relevant to health and social care 4 Be able to plan for a research project 5 Be able to conduct research relevant to a health and social care context 6 Be able to interpret research findings WHAT IS RESEARCH? Research is a planned process in which information is collected systematically for a specific purpose, analysed and reported. Research can have many different functions in health and social care. Functions of Research In pairs read through the following study and discuss the function(s) that the research can be used for. Aim: Hofling (1966) aimed to discover whether nurses would comply with an instruction which would involve them having to infringe both hospital regulations & medical ethics. The intention was to test the strength of the doctor-nurse relationship, regarding how far a nurse would go to comply with doctor’s orders against their own code of professional conduct. Procedure: ...
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