...The Extraction of Bioethanol from Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Peelings Through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Using the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae AN INVESTIGATORY PROJECT SUBMITTED AS AN ENTRY TO THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT OLYMPIAD (16TH INEPO) 16. INEPO ÇEVRE PROJE OLİMPİYADI FATİH KOLEJİ (FATIH COLLEGE) ISTANBUL, TURKEY 1-4 JUNE 2008 Avril Rodiel Bries Quezon City Science High School (Regional Science High School for NCR) REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES- CUMHURIYET FİLİPİNLER School Year 2007-2008 Mr. Noel Pablo Diaz Research Adviser Abstract: On average, 435,000 metric tons of pineapples are produced annually in the Philippines, which is one of the country’s leading commercial fruit products. However, there are a lot of unused excess parts of the pineapple, notably the peelings, which are considered as waste and contribute to the country’s garbage problem. There is a global oil crisis, as the demand for petroleum increases each year while our supplies are rapidly being depleted. Bioethanol, a principle biofuel, is a natural alternative to gasoline. One solution to both dilemmas is to produce bioethanol from pineapple plant peelings. This will be made possible by extracting the glucose content of the peelings and fermenting it through the process of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) using the yeast sample. Peel samples, coming...
Words: 2907 - Pages: 12
...A CORPORATE PROFILE About Food & Water Watch Food & Water Watch works to ensure the food, water and fish we consume is safe, accessible and sustainable. So we can all enjoy and trust in what we eat and drink, we help people take charge of where their food comes from, keep clean, affordable, public tap water flowing freely to our homes, protect the environmental quality of oceans, force government to do its job protecting citizens, and educate about the importance of keeping shared resources under public control. Food & Water Watch 1616 P St. NW, Ste. 300 Washington, DC 20036 tel: (202) 683-2500 fax: (202) 683-2501 info@fwwatch.org California Office 25 Stillman St., Ste. 200 San Francisco, CA 94107 tel: (415) 293-9900 fax: (415) 293-8394 info-ca@fwwatch.org www.foodandwaterwatch.org Copyright © 2013 by Food & Water Watch. All rights reserved. This report can be viewed or downloaded at www.foodandwaterwatch.org. A CORPORATE PROFILE Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Company History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Modern-Day Monsanto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Monsanto’s Environmental Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Market Share . . . . . . . . . . ....
Words: 7321 - Pages: 30
...fast food chain, to the milk you drink, bananas, chicken, tomatoes, and the beef you buy at your local grocery store. Scientists have discovered that by inserting genetic information from one organism to another and modifying it into another organism, it makes the food crops stay fresher, grow bigger, and make the crops produce their own pesticides. However, the technology to modify these genes has gone beyond its practicality. If science continues to genetically modify foods they have the potential to pose various risks to our bodies, the environment, as well as, have a huge impact on the global economy. Some risks associated with genetically modified food is the lack of research, lack of regulations, and the possible long term health risks associated with eating genetically modified food. In our paper, we plan to discuss all of these issues and show that while there are some benefits to genetically modified foods, the risks associated with the genetic modifications vastly outweigh the benefits. Introduction: Genetically modified organisms are any organism that has had a gene from one organism implanted into another organism in order to improve or change the genetic makeup of that organism. It can also be referred to as transgenic, due to the process being the transfer of genes from one organism to another. Other names also referred to are biotechnology, gene splicing, genetic engineering, or recombinant DNA technology, all of which meant the same thing. Transferring genes...
Words: 1406 - Pages: 6
...Amish Cultural Research Paper Amish Cultural Research Paper Imagine living in a society where the members socialize exclusively with each other and not with the outside world. The men of this society dress conservatively in dark colors sporting clean-shave until married when they switch to beards. The women, wearing only full skirts, wear their hair up in a bun and covered with a simple white cap or bonnet. The community, called an ordnung, decides how the community will be run from state to state. The culture itself keeps an arms distance from technology because they believe that it weakens the structure of the family. Planting and sowing of the fields is done by using horse drawn machinery and very rarely does the hum of anything fuel powered echo from the farms. Intermarriages are kept within the genetically isolated society to include first cousins and divorce is not tolerated. The Amish are a horticultural-based culture that consists of a society that is very conservative and strong on religion. The intent of this paper is to focus on the Amish culture, their primary mode of subsistence, and to identify three aspects of it impacted by this mode. History The Amish are a peace-loving, upright, religious group of people, settled happily in different parts of the United States and Canada. They disregard the modern way of life and are content to live their lives preparing for death and heavenly rewards by going without modern conveniences, such as electricity...
Words: 2281 - Pages: 10
...Going “gluten-free” is a very popular mantra lately. No differently than dietary fads of the past, the phrase “gluten free” commonly appears in health magazines, cooking shows and on the shelves in our supermarkets. However, the difference between the present gluten free dietary craze and the fad diets of the past is that losing weight is not the end goal, instead, preventing and warding off disease and illness is. Perhaps for this reason going gluten free has gained global popularity and unparalleled support from the medical community. There are a number of unhealthy side effects that come from consuming gluten that most of us consume in the form of wheat. While research on the issue is still inconclusive we know there is something in the wheat plant that is making many of us sick. This research paper was created to examine how gluten and the wheat grain are affecting humans, the potential causes of the sudden manifestation of gluten related disorders, and what, if anything, can be done to prevent gluten related ailments. By way of background, gluten is the main structural protein found in wheat and other grains such as rye, barley, and oats. Wheat is the most commonly consumed gluten containing grain as it makes up approximately seventy-five percent (75%) of all calories consumed from carbohydrates in the American diet. The gluten proteins found in wheat is what gives dough its elasticity and the ability to rise when combined with yeast. Traditional breads, baked goods, pasta...
Words: 2235 - Pages: 9
...Abstract This research study includes the characterization and examination of the physical and chemical properties of the soil present in Cavite National Science High School to collect data about the present status of the soil in the area. The researcher examined the soils through the collection of data using the protocols provided by the GLOBE Website. The data that were collected were encoded to the GLOBE Website for the scientists to be able to better understand and interpret the current status of the soil. The soil samples were collected from the site located inside the vicinity of Cavite National Science High School. The gathering of samples was done on the two different seasons of the year, the wet and dry season. The protocols provided by the GLOBE organization were used in conducting the experiments in determining the soil properties. Some of the experimentation proper was done in the school’s Chemistry laboratory and Biology Laboratory. Soil samples were sent to the Department of Agriculture in Trece Martirez City to be able to obtain the results for the pH level and N-P-K Content of the soil. The results showed that the soil in Cavite National Science High School had a pH level of 5.8, temperature of 27.65°C. The nitrogen and potassium content of the soil was low in all of its horizons, sufficient potassium content and medium content of phosphorus. According to the analysis made, there was a significant difference in the bulk density of the soil and there was no significant...
Words: 9275 - Pages: 38
...In Greenberg’s paper, he analyzes gender and compares the survival values of sucrose and water, and finds that flies live about 50 percent longer on sucrose alone than on water alone, and that female house flies live more than 35 percent longer than male house flies (Greenberg 1960). In Chapman et. al's paper, a study evaluated food odours and female house fly sex pheromones which were applied to a sugar mixture to gauge the attraction potential of such variables (Chapman et al. 1998). Brown’s study concentrated on the development of chemical attractants as bait, and found that none of his compounds were active enough to attractive flies on a per-compound basis but that a combination of a few compounds were successful in attracting flies (Brown...
Words: 2476 - Pages: 10
...Abstract In this review the state of the art of lignocellulose bioconversion by solid substrate fermentation (SSF) is presented. The most important lignocellulolytic fungi and their properties are described, and their application in novel solid state bioreactors with on-line process control is discussed. The most important bioconversion products, biofuels, enzymes, animal feeds, biofertilizers, biopesticides, biopromoters, secondary metabolites, and the economy of their production by SSF is discussed. The use of SSF in the pulp and paper industry and in integrated crop management is illustrated. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Lignocellulose; Bioconversion; Solid substrate fermentation 1. Introduction Lignocellulose composes more than 60% of plant biomass produced on earth. This vast resource is the potential source of biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed and chemical feedstocks. Lignocellulose is also the raw material of the paper industry. To fully utilize the potential of lignocellulose, it has to be converted by chemical and/or biological processes. Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) plays an important role, and has a great perspective for the bioconversion of plant biomass. Lignocellulose may be a good feedstock for the production of biofuels, enzymes and other biochemical products by SSF. Crop residues (straw, corn by-products, bagasse, etc.) are particularly suitable for this...
Words: 8457 - Pages: 34
...Soil Fertility for Feeding the World Global population is increasing Land use issues (forests, habitats, etc for food production) Increased demand for more with less input Farming on poor soils Improved management practices- production per acre Technological advances- fertilizer, pest management, seeds, etc. A fertile soil does not equal a productive soil Plants require 16 elements for growth and reproduction Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen are acquired through air and water 13 are from soil Primary= N, P, K Secondary= Ca, Mg, S Micro= Zn, Mn, B, Cu, Cl, Fe, Mo Most NEB soils contain large amounts of all the elements, but only a small % of these total amounts are available to the plant Factors that affect availability: Form and chemical properties of the element Soil pH Interactions with soil colloids Microbial acitivity Soil physical conditions: Aeration Compaction Temperature Moisture Mineral Components of Soil: 1. Silica= Si 2. Quartz= SiO2 3. Hornblende 4. Feldspar 5. Pyrite * Secondary= Montmorillinite, Kaolinite, Illite Structure Net negative charge absorbs positive particles Interactions Soil Minerals Soil Organic Matter Soil H2O Soil Air Broadcast application produces same yields as banded applications Mobile nutrient Wet soil? Band? Optimum moisture (structure aggregation) pH? Highly fertile soil Band applications produce higher yields than broadcast regardless of rate Immobile...
Words: 1753 - Pages: 8
...associated with direct interference with the endocrine reproductive axis. Examples are those with estrogenic activity or the potential to interact with the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Exposure to toxicants during development is of particular concern because many feedback mechanisms functioning in the adult are absent and adverse effects may be noted at doses lower than those observed in the adult. Endometriosis is a painful reproductive and immunologic disease of women characterized by aberrant location of uterine endometrial cells. It affects approximately 5 million women in the United States from 15 to 45 years of age and often causes infertility. The etiology of this disease is unknown. In a single study with a small number of animals, research has suggested a link between dioxin exposure and the development of endometriosis in rhesus monkeys. The severity of this lesion was dependent on the dose administered. Recently, a small pilot study to test the hypothesis that serum dioxin concentrations have an association with human endometriosis has been reported. No statistically significant correlations between disease severity and serum levels of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons were found. These preliminary data, admittedly on a limited population, suggest that serum dioxin concentrations may not be related to human endometriosis. Human breast cancer is a major health problem in the United States. While considerable information is available on risk factors for human...
Words: 2561 - Pages: 11
...Tibor meats Name Course Institution Date Introduction Tibor Meats is a major player in the meat industry, despite its relative success in the market it has experienced three problems that have been affecting its continued growth and enhanced success to an elevated level. The three major problems include; * The Information Technology department is so behind and inefficient it is keeping the productivity of the whole company. * Ineffective marketing strategies * Emerging issues, notably, food safety This paper aims to elaborate on the possible solutions to the above problems. Problem The IT department is so behind and in efficient it is keeping the productivity of the whole company below what it should be. Solution to the Problem Information Technology influences business undertakings in various ways, thus ensuring efficiency in the IT Department is imperative to achieving success in any industry. Information Technology is dynamic thus the need to ensure Tibor Meats keep up with emerging trends in the IT industry. How Tibor Meats applies information technology to facilitate supply chain functions is important to its success in the market. The core functions of a supply chain are; * Reaction to client needs * Revolution of goods in location and form to deliver them proficiently to customers. Chains are different compared to the traditional marketing channel in the extent to which firms collaborate with each other. Information technology aids the execution of...
Words: 3462 - Pages: 14
...Antonie van Leeuwenhoek81: 537–547, 2002. © 2002Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 537 Antibiotic production by bacterial biocontrol agents Jos M. Raaijmakers ∗ , Maria Vlami & Jorge T. de Souza Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands (∗ Author for correspondence) Abstract Interest in biological control of plant pathogens has been stimulated in recent years by trends in agriculture to-wards greater sustainability and public concern about the use of hazardous pesticides. There is now unequivocal evidence that antibiotics play a key role in the suppression of various soilborne plant pathogens by antagonistic microorganisms. The significance of antibiotics in biocontrol, and more generally in microbial interactions, often has been questioned because of the indirect nature of the supporting evidence and the perceived constraints to an-tibiotic production in rhizosphere environments. Reporter gene systems and bio-analytical techniques have clearly demonstrated that antibiotics are produced in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of a variety of host plants. Several abiotic factors such as oxygen, temperature, specific carbon and nitrogen sources, and microelements have been identified to influence antibiotic production by bacteria biocontrol agents. Among the biotic factors that may play a determinative role in antibiotic production are the plant host, the...
Words: 8188 - Pages: 33
...is increased. Technology is involved in every facet of our lives. It is used continuously every day whether it be waking up to an alarm clock, watching TV that you recorded on a digital video recorder, brushing your teeth with a mechanical toothbrush, or using your GPS navigation system when going to your latest vacation destination. The latest technology has made it possible for people to communicate with others all over the world in both audio and video formats. Scientists are continuously looking for ways to make living easier and more productive. They are looking for solutions to world hunger, new medical advances to cure cancer and other diseases plaguing the world, and ways to make our society a healthier place to live. In this research paper, we will be discussing Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and their contributions to these causes. We will be examining the history, political, moral, ethical, and many other ways that GMOs have influenced everyday living. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)...
Words: 12380 - Pages: 50
...Hotel’s Chosen 4 Summary and examples of what “others” have said about the Outlet 7 SECTION II Standardized Recipes, Converting and Costing 10 Introduction; The importance of Standardized HACCP Recipes and Cost Cards 10 Standardized HACCP Recipes 11 Cost Cards 21 Comparison of MMP and Selling Price 26 SECTION III Equipment & Cooking Methods 28 Introduction; The importance of Selecting Equipment & Cooking Methods 28 Equipment Needed to Produce and Serve 28 Cooking Methods and Techniques Used 30 ?? Outlet: Do the Selected Cooking Methods and Techniques Work? 30 & Suggestions for Improvements based on Outlet and Target Guest SECTION IV Ingredient Category Research 32 Introduction: Definition and Description of the Ingredient 32 Trends Associated with the Ingredient 33 Impact of the Trend on the Hotel, Foodservice, or Outlet. 34 SECTION V Purchasing Specification 36 Introduction: Define and Describe Purchasing Specifications 36 Purchasing Specifications Example: (Meat, Poultry, Fish or Seafood) 36 Purchase Specification Rationale (Meat, Poultry, Fish or Seafood) 36 Purchasing Specifications Example: Produce (fresh) 36 Purchase Specification Rationale Produce: (fresh) 36 Purchasing Specifications Example: Dairy 36 Purchase Specification Rationale Dairy...
Words: 7622 - Pages: 31
...Technology, Society, and Culture Table of Contents Technical Aspect of GMO by Chad Dookie Page 3 Moral and Ethical Aspect of GMO by Ronald Claude Page 7 Cultural and Legal Aspect of GMO by Evangelina Ramirez Page 14 Environmental Issues of GMO by Donovan Collins Page 23 References Page 32 Technical Aspect of GMO by Chad Dookie Description of GMOs and the associated science Most of the populations that do shopping in the groceries to buy food for their family are not aware of the “naturalness” of the food. Groceries sell items such as; cotton seeds, rice, soy, sugar beets, yeast, cassava, papaya, bananas, food flavoring, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, squash, oils, beef, pork, chicken, salmon, peas, alfalfa, and honey. Notice that most of the items listed either came from a plant or an animal. Those are the top 20 grocery items that have been genetically modified. What are genetically modified organisms? A genetically modified organism is any living thing that has had their DNA tampered with. This can be mutating, removing, or adding genetic material into the organism. All of the items listed in paragraph one has had their DNA tampered with. Most times when people talk about genetically modified organisms, they mostly refer to plants that are genetically modified. You may be wondering how the animals listed are considered genetically modified. This is because scientists modify the plants that are being fed to the animals. This causes the...
Words: 9591 - Pages: 39
