...Battle of Algiers The Battle of Algiers is a film by Italian filmmaker, Gillo Pontecorvo. The film was nominated for three Oscars for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay - Written Directly for the Screen, and Best Director. It won the grand prize at Venice and was given top honors in London during its debut. The Battle of Algiers reveals the questionable effects of Western imperialism and how the legacy of imperialism is tied to the suppression of indigenous resistance. The film is set in the city of Algiers which was the capital of Algiers, during French colonist rule of the 1950s and 1960s. The film depicts how the French colonists were successful in winning the Battle of Algiers in 1957, however, in the end, their tactics cost them the colony of Algeria; three years later, the people overthrew French colonial rule and won their independence. The film is an insightful interpretation of the effect of Western colonialism; as such, it's an important source of reference in the discussion of current events involving the West's intervention in the Middle East. The movie begins with a torture scene in which French paratroopers have just gained information about the freedom fighters. The French know where the leader, Ali Pointe, is hiding and he has thirty seconds to surrender. Much of the film is a flashback from the point of view of Ali Pointe, the leader of the resistance. The way the film came about is surprising in many ways. The movie was subsidized by the Algerian...
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...Define Colonialism (Western) Colonialism: A political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. The purposes of colonialism included economic exploitation of the colony's natural resources, creation of new markets for the colonizer, and extension of the colonizer's way of life beyond its national borders. In the years 1500 – 1900 Europe colonized all of North and South America and Australia, most of Africa, and much of Asia by sending settlers to populate the land or by taking control of governments. The first colonies were established in the Western Hemisphere by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th – 16th centuries. The Dutch colonized Indonesia in the 16th century, and Britain colonized North America and India in the 17th – 18th centuries. Later, British settlers colonized Australia and New Zealand. Colonization of Africa only began in earnest in the 1880s, but by 1900 virtually the entire continent was controlled by Europe. The colonial era ended gradually after World War II; the only territories still governed as colonies today are small islands. http://www.answers.com/topic/colonialism#ixzz1lYMQdYfY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process whereby the metropole claims sovereignty over the colony, and the social structure...
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...Paris, the City of Light has been Europe’s center of cultural grandeur and one of the most important centers for global business in the world. When we speak of Paris, we immediately conjure romantic images of an era gone by. We think of the majesty it once held as the French aristocracy attempted to keep up with the likes of Britain, Spain, and even Portugal as they heading the colonization of the new world. Others may think instead of the allure the city once held for its prominent contributions to the world of the arts including drama, painting, literature, music, fashion, and even architecture and landscape. I however think that although Paris is indeed one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and perhaps even one of the great wonders of the worlds, by today’s standards it is a city that parallels the vast diversity exemplified in other major global cities like New York City, and Barcelona and unfortunately, as a practical observer of the global community, I do not see the magic that others see in Paris. Yes, I do agree that the Parisian way of life coupled with its political, intellectual, and cultural contributions to the global market has earned it regardless of the its flow of influence, the title of a major player in the world economy. It is therefore easy to recognize why for centuries, the French language has remained one of "The Official" international languages of diplomacy. Today, beyond its high culture, political, and economic place on...
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...Understanding the Modern Middle East What have I learned this semester about the modern Middle East? First I must start with the conflict between Israeli and Palestinian conflict as well as my understanding of what a modern nationalism is and the advocacy toward the Middle Eastern region. In order to truly understand the nation states one must have knowledge about modernity. Modernity which seeks accuracy and representation is a hybrid of nature and culture differences. (Lecture 1/26) History assists us with defining modernity because history is the hybridization of current, past and future, which is the “unknown known”. We can tell the future because of the past, history has its way of repeating itself. The past is what we study, historiography. Modernity also goes hand in hand with control the surround regions, relationships and objects tell which regions have the control over the nation-states. Modernity aids economics and provides the particulars of the evolution of history. (Lecture 2/1) Politics are central to history. Geography matters, it is important to the evolution of history. A religion is traditional and provides prologue. The role of ideology plays a huge part in my understanding of the modern Middle East. Saddam Hussain wanted a secularized government. The issue with his ideology is that secularism is modern, however religion is traditional. Palenstine historically a struggled with existed between secular and theocratic values. Secularism clashes orthodox...
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...www.ccsenet.org/res Review of European Studies Vol. 4, No. 3; July 2012 Europe and the Middle East: From Imperialism to Liberal Peace? Raymond Hinnebusch1 1 School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK Correspondence: Raymond Hinnebusch, School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AX, Scotland, UK. Tel: 44-1334-462-861. E-mail: rh10@st-andrews.ac.uk Received: November 24, 2011 Accepted: April 26, 2012 Online Published: July 1, 2012 doi:10.5539/res.v4n3p18 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v4n3p18 Abstract Europe’s relation with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is discussed in the context of normative (International Society) and materialist approaches (World System’s Theory). First, European imperialism’s export of a flawed Westphalian state system is summarized. How Europe is “caught” between MENA and the US and co-opted into a division of labour toward the region is then surveyed. The gap between the normative rhetoric and actual inequitable outcomes and structures constructed under the Euro-Mediterranean partnership is examined, looking at the three “baskets” of economic developmental, political reform and cultural convergence. Four “hard cases,” EU policies toward Palestine, Iran, Syria and Turkey, illustrate the ambiguities of the EU’s approach to MENA. MENA public opinion’s ambivalence toward Europe reflects these realities. The conclusion is that the EU’sMENA policy...
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...liberate the Cuban people from American colonization (Crain, 2013). For this reason, the American memory of Castro and his revolution is typically disapproving. Americans and many Cubans alike, view him as a ruthless dictator, and violent abuser of human rights (Fidel Castro’s human rights, 2016). To understand why Castro is revered as a hero to some, one must consider the circumstances of the Cuban Revolution. Precursor of Revolution During the majority of the 1800s, Cuba was the property of Spain. Cuba’s Wars of Independence were fought against the European power in three segments throughout the 19th century. With the aid of the United States (U.S.), Spain was fought off in 1898, but to the dismay of the Cuban people, the U.S. had immediately inserted itself as their new colonial power (Chomsky, 2011). For the next four years, the U.S. occupied the island-nation until the establishment of the Platt Amendment, which officially put Cuba under U.S control, although Cuba was formally considered an independent nation by 1902 (Chomsky, 2011). Cubans became discontent over the next five decades as the U.S. exploited the country for sugar production, and asserted itself as a repressive force under the guise that they would transform Cuba into a republic. The U.S. invaded Cuba consistently up until 1933, when Fulgencio Batista seized power, and supported rebellions, to ensure that whoever became the leader of Cuba was complacent to American imperialism (Cuba Profile, 2018). For...
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...The Causes of War Summer Hansborough POL 300 004016 What causes opposition? Imperialism, nationalism, Social Darwinism, and militarism are causes of war, and I narrowed it down to the following; freedom, money, ideologies, race, religion and land. Although these are causes of war, in most cases, the ultimate cause of war is an elitist mentality. One believing their ideologies, race, policies and beliefs are superior to those that do not fit in or follow that particular system. What are the causes of war? An age old question that no one has yet to give a definitive answer. What is war? One definition explains war as an aggressively armed battle between conflicting people. Another definition explains war as fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons. To sum it all up, war is a condition of active animosity or contention and it is not exclusive to people. There are many kinds of war, such as is the war on drugs, the war on terrorism, political wars, and the war on AIDS. The war on AIDS is interesting, because it’s not a war apposing people, but a virus, a disease. According to the bible, our war is not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, wickedness and power in high places. (bible, 2005) A system, which is designed to bring order and uniformity, is an attribute to the causes of war. A system is vital to administer order to society. In the early days, before America established its own money system, America used...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...IGOROTS * Home * IGOROT SONGS * IGOROT DANCE * IGOROT TRADITIONS * MONEY ON THE MOUNTAIN IGOROT TRADITIONS IGOROT TRADITIONS When we talk about Igorot identity and culture, we also have to consider the time. My point is that: what I am going to share in this article concerning the Igorot culture might not be the same practiced by the Igorots of today. It has made variations by the passing of time, which is also normally happening to many other cultures, but the main core of respect and reverence to ancestors and to those who had just passed is still there. The Igorot culture that I like to share is about our practices and beliefs during the "time of Death". Death is part of the cycle of life. Igorots practice this part of life cycle with a great meaning and importance. Before the advent of Christianity in the Igorotlandia, the Igorots or the people of the Cordilleran region in the Philippines were animist or pagans. Our reverence or the importance of giving honor to our ancestors is a part of our daily activities. We consider our ancestors still to be with us, only that they exist in another world or dimension. Whenever we have some special feasts (e.g., occasions during death, wedding, family gathering, etc.), when we undertake something special (like going somewhere to look for a job or during thanksgiving), we perform some special offer. We call this "Menpalti/ Menkanyaw", an act of butchering and offering animals. During these times we call them...
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...Arab-Israeli Conflict The Arab League * October 1945 Britain helped form the Arab League * The first members were Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia * Its purpose was to prevent Soviet progress in the region * Others joined as they became independent * By 1983 new members included Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Oman, South Yemen, Kuwait and Bahrain * The 36 million Arabs had a common language and culture * Most were Muslims and hated colonial rule * They had similar economic problems * Even oil rich states had unequal distribution of wealth among rich and poor * But above all else they hated Israel Palestine 1923-47 * British Mandate from 1923 * Promises made during World War I led to Arab expectations * Also led to Jewish hopes for a homeland * Theodore Herzl (Viennese Jew) started the Zionist Movement * 1896 First Zionist Congress – he proposed a national home for the world’s Jews * The Balfour Declaration seemed to be a British commitment to this * 1920s 10,000 Jews a year settled in Palestine * Arabs alarmed – saw this as more Western imperialism * 1922 Churchill said it was a promise of a national Jewish home not a state * 1929 Arab riots against the 100,000 Jewish settlers * Jews protected themselves with the Haganah (their own security force) 1930s * 1933 Britain restricted Jewish immigration to Palestine to appease the Arabs * Led to Jewish riots *...
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...Introduction “The efforts of global powers to establish a global system to create a balance of power in the world to suit their interest are the root cause of global peace, conflict & refugee crisis.” The above statement is our debate topic & we are supporting the statement. Before we present our arguments to support it, the following questions should be answered: • Who are global powers? • What is balance of power? • What is their (global power’s) interest? • What is global peace, conflict & refugee crisis? The answers to above terms will provide us clear view on the esteemed statement. The terms are discussed as follows: Global Power: There are 10 powerful countries, the 10 great powers that can rock the world. They have been ranked by their fire power & ability to shape both their regional environments and the international system as a whole; among all the world’s countries these are the ones with the most ability to affect global politics by their choices. The global power rankings are revised every year. Until 2016, the top 10 global powers are as follows: 1. United States of America 2. United Kingdom 3. Germany 4. China 5. Japan 6. Russia 7. India 8. Turkey 9. Iran 10. South Korea Balance of Power: In international relations, the posture and policy of a nation or group of nations protecting itself against another nation or group of nations by matching its power against the power of the other side. States can...
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...Th e T yranny of Gui lt • Pa s c a l B ru c k n e r Translated from the French by s t ev e n r e n da l l The tyranny of Guilt An Essay on Western Masochism • P r i n c e t o n u n i v e r si t y P r e s s Princeton and Oxford english translation copyright © 2010 by Princeton university Press First published as La tyrannie de la pénitence: essai sur le masochisme occidental by Pascal Bruckner, copyright © 2006 by Grasset & Fasquelle Published by Princeton university Press, 41 William street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united kingdom: Princeton university Press, 6 oxford street, Woodstock, oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu all rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-Publication data Bruckner, Pascal. [tyrannie de la pénitence. english] The tyranny of guilt: an essay on Western masochism / Pascal Bruckner; translated from the French by steven rendall. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-0-691-14376-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. civilization, Western— 20th century. 2. civilization, Western—21st century. 3. international relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Western countries—Foreign relations. 5. Western countries—intellectual life. 6. Guilt 7. self-hate (Psychology) 8. World politics. i. title. CB245.B7613 2010 909’.09821--dc22 2009032666 British library cataloging-in-Publication data is available cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère des affaires étrangères et du service...
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...Wars and Revolutions of Western Civilizations Bobby Linnane HIS 102- OL012 Jan 2013 War and Revolutions have happened all over the world for many different reasons. Some were for social and cultural change, others for political change and most of them for nation dominance. The Wars and Revolutions in Europe had an everlasting impact and either heightened or hindered the area in which it took place. Yet through the masses of all the social and political upheaval, we see arise an alliance where the nation finally came together to turn any ones state strength or weakness to offset another. Revolutions 1830-1832 The revolutions of 1830 through 1832 were the breakthrough of liberalism in many areas of Western Europe. The July revolution in France from 1824-1830 was the pivotal point of liberalism. Charles X proclaimed four ordinances 1) dissolving the new Chamber 2) impose censorship on the press 3) reduce voting power to bankers, merchants, etc. and 4) election of the new basis. This produced the July Revolution and the upper class took action as to not be outcastes from political life. The workers and students in Paris put barricades in the city to fight away the army and police. These leaders wanted a democratic republic and workers wanted better conditions for employment. All these people simply wanted a king they could trust. When Charles X fled to England, Louis Philippe was offered the throne. He knew that he had received the throne through the insurrection...
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...The Coca Cola Company Market Audit. Table of Contents. Executive summary | 1 | Table of Contents | 2 | Introduction | 3 | 1-History of the company | 5 | 2- SWOT analysis | 7 | 2-1-Strengths | 8 | 2-2 Weaknesses | 9 | 2-3Opportunities | 10 | 2-4Threats | 10 | 3-Corporate Social Responsibility | 11 | 4- PESTEL Analysis | 14 | 4-1 Political analysis | 14 | 4-1-1 Coca Cola Company is an American symbol of imperialism | 15 | 4-1-2 Coca Cola in MENA Region | 15 | 4-2Economic analysis | 16 | 4-3 Social analysis | 19 | 4-4 Environmental analysis | 19 | 4-5 Legal analysis | 19 | 5- marketing mix | 19 | 5-1 product line and range | 19 | 5-2 pricing | 19 | 5-3 promotion | 19 | 5-4 place | 21 | 6 – the bottling company | 21 | 7 - conclusion | 22 | Executive Summary Coca cola company market audit should be wider than the range of this report. With a pioneer company holding the biggest market share in its industry, there are lots of parameters to analyze and study to find out the secrets and factors of this huge success. A SWOT analysis was done, explaining strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the company. And that is followed by a SELPET Analysis explaining Social, Economical, Legal, Political, Environmental and Technological factors. In the sustainability report, the current CEO Muhtar Kent announced a company expansion target of the double by 2020, and the ways to reach their. He explained the main areas which...
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