...The piece that I decided to examine was “The Crucifixion” which is located at the Walters Art Museum. The painting was created by Peter Gartner in 1537. This painting personally stood out to me and was very personal to me. I am a very dedicated Christian woman, so seeing this painting automatically created an emotion for me. I believe that Gartner wanted to reenact the emotions that were running through the various race on the day that Jesus was crucified. In the piece, what you see is Jesus in the center and according to the Bible, Matthew 27:38, it states that next to Him were the 2 robbers or thieves. If we go in depth with this piece, what you see is Jesus wrapped in white garment which typically signifies purity and cleanliness while the robber on the right had a black undergarment which typically means negative things like death and in this case even hell. But then you look at the other robber on the left of Jesus, his under garment is white...
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...History through the 15th Century Introduction Art is an interesting aspect of life that a society cannot afford to lose. Art has been practiced for many years and is still under practice because of its rich heritage and many other importance’s that cannot be overruled. The collection and perseveration of pieces of art is a noble undertaking and those that have been given the responsibility of ensuring that a piece of art has to be preserved should not hesitate in doing that. The history of art will not be complete without mentioning the names and artistic work of characters such as Donatello in the medieval period and Carlo Crivelli of the Gothic period. The two artists have many pieces of arts among them the “Mary Magdalene’’ and “Crucifixion’’ respectively. The preservation of pieces of arts is of much importance, pieces can be analyzed descriptively while at the same time it is important to appreciate that social, political and religious beliefs influence the design, the function, the purpose and the symbolic message in a piece of art. This essay will describe the two pieces of art and also explain the cultural significance of art. Medieval Period Art: Donatello’s Art-Mary Magdalene Many pieces of arts were produced by several artists during this period. The pieces of arts were rich in content and beauty. Donatello is among the famous artists of this period that came up with a number of pieces of art that are still currently discussed and analyzed hence the importance of...
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...Soeteria Winters April 18, 2014 FAS202-Introduction to Humanities II Art History Analysis Paper When we think of art, we rarely focus on its origins. Art itself dates back to the early modern humans that lived thirty-five thousand years ago. This includes carvings on Mammoth tusks, cave paintings, sewn beadwork on clothing, carved Venus statues from bone, and baked clay. The created art often depicted the animals that were hunted and the seasons. In many cases the animals could not be recognized as the depictions were distorted, thus it was concluded that said depictions were of religious significance, making this the first type of “religious” art. Two examples of such art is the cave art in Lascaux, France and Altamira, Spain. Through these ancient depictions of the past, we are able to improve in all matters of society. This is just one of many examples that prove, art reflects the human journey through the past, present and into the future. The artists surrounding my art history analysis are the works of Juan Bautista Maino and Alessandro Turchi. “The Resurrection”, painted by Juan Bautista Maino in Spain, in 1612. The Baroque style art depicts the strong Christian values of the time, as Christianity had become a major religion in Spain. Christianity was introduced to Spain in 62 AD but was later rejected by the Visigoths whom rules Spain in 711 AD. In this time, the religion of Islam began to spread due to lack of taxation of citizens and the lack of forced...
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...as the end of the first century, early Christians were drawing theological and spiritual imagery from the nomina sacra, of which the staurogram is one of many. The author of the epistle of Barnabas (ca. 70-135 CE) in 9:7-8 interpreted Abraham’s 318 servants in Genesis 14:4 spiritually as a representation of Jesus and the crucifixion by alluding to the nomina sacra form of Jesus’s name, IH, the Greek number for 18, and T, the Greek number for 300, as a visual representation of the cross. Contrary to Nongbri’s claims, if Christians were drawing imagery of Jesus’s crucifixion from the T shape of the Greek tau at the end of the first century, it would hardly be out of place for a ca. 200 manuscript to contain a visual representation of the crucifixion in the form of a staurogram. Finally, Nongbri’s method for widening the palaeographic window of P66 into the fourth century by comparing similar looking letters or words in other manuscripts is questionable. In a recent article Orsini and Clarysse criticized a similar approach used by Comfort and Barrett to push for earlier dates of the New Testament papyri. Orsini and Clarysse wrote; “Their palaeographic analysis and their comparative method are based on impressionistic suggestions and on the shape of single and separate signs. As a result, in Comfort-Barrett the general graphic framework, reconstructed from the manuscripts that they take into account, is reduced to just a few types.” Roger S. Bagnall made a similar criticism of...
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...Running head: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF OPEN THEISM An Analysis of the Open Theist Views Donell Winder Baptist Bible College Authors Note This paper was prepared for Survey of Doctrine TH517, taught by Professor David Mappes. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF OPEN THEISM Abstract God is all knowing, unchanging, and all powerful. These are beliefs that are taught in the doctrine of God. These are beliefs that Christians live by and pass on to their friends and families. The Open Theist have come to challenge those beliefs. They argue God literally changes his mind, continues to learn, and is even said to take risks, (Sanders, 1998). The Open Theists are trying to challenge the Doctrine of God. This paper will dispute these beliefs and use evidence of scripture to prove that these arguments are invalid. Revelations 22:18-19 states,” 18 I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: if anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues which are written in this book; 19 and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of...
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...The Flagellation of Christ by Piero della Francesca is a complex and unusual depiction of the flagellation. The painting was so unusual that the Gardener textbook had extremely limited information regarding the artwork. It was created in the mid fourteenth century, making it a quattrocento, and utilizes the styles of renascence art. The group of three men in the foreground contains the main theme of the painting that is the Christian acceptance and Jewish rejection of Jesus as the messiah and how that created a divide in theological beliefs between the two groups. Through a visual analysis it is apparent that this image is unlike almost any other Christian depiction of the life of Jesus. In this representation of the Flagellation Jesus is not the main focus; rather he is confined to the background of the image. This is an unprecedented reversal of Jesus and surrounding figures in Christian artwork. The main focus is of a group of three men in the foreground. This is apparent due to their location relative to the location of Jesus. It is easily seen that the group of three men are in the foreground due to the artist’s clear lines on the floor that creates a three-dimensional scene. Although there is distance between the groups, there is a clear connection between them. Jesus and his group of tormentors reflect the first triad. This is further supported by the similarities between the posture of Jesus and the middle youth in the foreground. The fact that the two groups are...
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...Jesus: Fact from Fiction Christianity is currently the largest religion in the world with approximately 2.1 billion people identifying themselves as Christians. Jesus is the central focus of attention and worship in Christianity, and is held by most Christians to be the Messiah, foretold in the Hebrew Bible or “Old Testament”. They believe him to be the savior of mankind, and the son of God. However, in modern times, the use of critical scholarship in analysis of the Bible and to the New Testament Gospels in particular, has lead to an accelerating rate of disintegration in the traditional Christian belief system. The term "scholarship" implies the application of the scientific method of the evaluating evidence on the basis of objective standards unhindered from any personal involvement or biases. The main source of information on Jesus is from the Christian Gospels. Some scholars claim that the sources on which the Gospels are based were written within the living memory of Jesus' lifetime. There are four such Gospels the earliest being Mark (68-73 AD), followed by Matthew (70-100 AD), Luke (80-100 AD), and John (90-110 AD). Many conservative Christians accept these writings as evidence for a historical Jesus and as an account of his life and death. According to the Christian Gospels, Jesus was born in Bethlehem between 6 BC and 6 AD. The Gospel Mark, reports that Jesus was "the brother of James, Joseph, Judas and Simon" he also states that Jesus had sisters. Nothing of Jesus...
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...5/19/13 Toyota Recall: Five Critical Lessons | Business Ethics You are here: Home » Business Ethics, Economy, Featured Story, Michael Connor, Recent Stories, Regulation & Legislation » Toyota Recall: Five Critical Lessons Toyota Recall: Five Critical Lessons Posted by Michael Connor • January 31, 2010 • Printer-friendly by Michael Connor Toyota’s announcement of a technical fix for its sticky gas pedals – which can lead to sudden acceleration problems - is not likely to bring a quick end to the company’s current recall nightmare. Having already halted sales and production of eight of its top-selling cars in the U.S. - and recalled more than 9 million cars worldwide, in two separate recalls – Toyota faces the prospect of billions of dollars in charges and operating losses. The Toyota brand, once almost synonymous with top quality, has taken a heavy hit. While all the facts are not yet in, it’s clear that Toyota’s crisis didn’t emerge full-blown overnight. Fixing the problem and ensuring that something like it doesn’t happen again will require an all-out effort, from assembly line to the boardroom. Even then, there are no guarantees. Maintaining a good corporate reputation in the 21st century is tricky business indeed. Toyota’s case offers a number of valuable lessons for other business people and companies to consider. Here, for starters, are five: Aggressive growth can create unmanageable risk. Toyota’s desire to supplant General Motors as the world’s number-one car-maker...
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...Part II: Multicultural Analysis DeAnna Alexander SOC/315 October 9, 2012 Shyamal Das Multicultural Analysis A multicultural society is a society that consists of several different ethnic groups to make it one. Some ethnics groups may share the same values and beliefs as other and then there are some that have completely different traits, beliefs, and values. In order to determine the differences or similarities in customs and beliefs, one must do an extensive amount of reading and research. The United States of America is one of many multicultural societies of which six of them will be discussed. Since the early 1800’s, there has discrimination and stereotyping in the U.S. Centering on the history and beliefs of different ethnic group’s stereotyping, prejudice acts, and how one individual treats someone of a different culture shows how it all can harm more than just an individual, but society as a whole. Different Stereotypes Religion and ethnicity has been a substantial way that U.S society has used when trying to make out someone of a different race’s identity, as well as the task they are capable of performing (Schaefer, para. 1, 3, 6, 2011). It is easy for someone to look at a person and identify them with the wrong ethnic group based on their appearances, for example, a German woman may have pale skin with blonde hair but the person looking at her wouldn’t know that she is German, or of a different ethnic group until she opens her mouth to speak and they hear her...
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...Comparative Analysis: 1. Differences between Jewish denominations, which are more commonly known as "movements," reflect varying responses to changing times and cultures. The historical Jewish movements (Pharisses, Sadduccees, and Essenes) were responses to the Roman rule of Israel, while the major modern movements (Reform, Orthodox, and Conservative) are responses to the modern, secular culture of Europe and America. Jewish denominations differ from one another primarily with regard to practice. Orthodox Judaism is the most traditional expression of modern Judaism. Orthodox Jews believe the entire Torah - including "Written," the the Pentateuch, and "Oral," the Talmud) was given to Moses by God at Sinai and remains authoritative for modern life in its entirety. Reform Judaism is the most liberal expression of Judaism. In America, Reform Judaism is organized under the Union for Reform Judaism (known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations until 2003), whose mission is "to create and sustain vibrant Jewish congregations wherever Reform Jews live." About 1.5 million Jews in 900 synagogues are members of the Union for Reform Judaism. Conservative Judaism may be said to be a moderate position between Orthodox and Reform Judaism. It seeks to conserve the traditional elements of Judaism, while allowing for modernization to a less radical extent than Reform Judaism. The teachings of Zacharias Frankel (1801-75) form the foundation of Conservative Judaism. Hasidic...
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...THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL ASIA FALL SEMESTER 2014 History of Art Dr Raymond-Josef Hoffmann Description: This course is an introduction to art as the embodiment of cultural, social, and political values, ranging from ancient civilizations to the modern period. The class examines painting, sculpture, and architecture , and both domestic and ornamental artifacts of Near Eastern, Mediterranean and Western civilisations. Various historical periods will be considered through an examination of creative practices, themes, and visual forms. Examples of the work of representative artists and movements, from Praxiteles in ancient Greece to recent artists will be explored. The course will also consider cultural and artistic exchanges between societies of Europe, the Americas, Asia (including central Asia), and Africa, when appropriate. Human beings have been culture-makers and illustrators from the beginning: the history of our species on earth can be traced from early cave drawings and implements for eating and hunting to decorative arts, gothic cathedrals, skyscrapers to non-cognitive forms of expression that defy interpretation. This course is an exploration of an essential aspect of our attempts to shape the world and to create an environment in which self-expression, pleasure, ideology and aspiration can thrive. 1. Structure: The course comprises two 80 minute discussion/seminars based on specific works of art each week. The topics and readings are given...
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...Art and Society: Renaissance to Modern Art Paper Assignment I Analysis of the Museum’s Painting The museum’s painting (Attributed to Quentin Massys, Lamentation, c. 1520) depicted a scene in which several grieving people were gathered around Christ after his crucifixion. The thing that stands out about this painting is that Christ is not adorned in fine clothing, nor does he even appear divine in any way. The surrounding people do not appear to be priests or divine, but are normal, plainly garbed, people. Upon moving my attention to other areas of the painting, I noticed the detailed landscape upon which this scene was set. The museum’s painting can be recognized as a northern painting, even without prior knowledge of the artist who painted it. Two distinct features in this painting are strongly indicative of a northern painting. One of these said features is the landscape setting. Northern works of art deal strongly with naturalism. The second indication that this may be a northern painting has to do with the people gathered around Christ. It is easy to tell that these individuals are merely common folk. A southern painting would most likely feature angels or clergymen gathered around Christ, but within paintings from the north was the concept of humanism. In lamens terms, humanism is merely a system of thought in which human beings are of utmost importance as opposed to the divine or supernatural. In summation, both styles of this painting, naturalism and humanism, are...
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...Critical Analysis Essay on Poetry ENGL 102: Composition and Literature Fall 2010 Nathan Johnson APA Format Abstract (Thesis Statement) Thesis: William Blake uses several literary devices in “The Lamb” to portray spiritual truths about Christianity. I. Introduction A. The Characteristics of Lambs 1. In Literature 2. In the Bible B. Blake’s use of the lamb 1. As a symbol in the Poem II. Body A. The use of symbolism as a literary device 1. The Lamb as a symbol for Christ 2. The Lamb as a symbol for Christians B. The use of imagery as a literary device 1. Mental images of lines 3-4 in the poem 2. Images of lines 15-16 III. Conclusion A. Restatement of thesis B. Closing remarks Lambs are considered to be innocent and gentle animals. They are gentle creatures that are submissive and yet daring. Words that are often associated with lambs tend to evoke a sense of calmness and peace. In literature lambs are usually used to symbolize gentleness, meekness and even innocence. Even in the Bible the lamb is used to symbolize ultimate goodness and purity. Countless times in the Bible the lamb is used as a reference for Jesus Christ, and His people. Often Jesus is referred as a shepherd tending and looking for His sheep. Christ is also called the Lamb of God. William Blake uses the poem “The Lamb” to bring up life’s ultimate questions through the voice of a child. Questions that have plagued man since...
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...Historical Perspective: Justice Policy-The Death Penalty Patrice Green Dr. Humphress Politics, Policy, and Ethics in the Public Sector April 26, 2013 The first confirmation of the death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century in Babylon. Death penalty, legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. The death penalty was codified for 25 different crimes. Such things carried out the death sentence as crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement (Randa, 1997). The practice of the death penalty is as old as the government itself. The death penalty has not been considered controversial for most of history. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. The Age of Enlightenment was the first significant movement to abolish the death penalty. Britain was very influential in America’s use of the death penalty. The European settlers that came to the new world are the one’s that brought the practice of capital punishment, death penalty. The first execution was recorded in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia in 1608. The Divine, Moral, and Martial Laws were enacted in 1612 by the Governor of Virginia, Sir Thomas Dale. The death penalty was established for minor offenses such as killing chickens, stealing grapes, and trading with Indians. It was Cesare Beccaria’s 1767...
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...wasn’t until the very public loss during the Tet Offensive in 1968, that people began to realize that not everything was going as planned (Wirtz). As a result, many other issues with the United States involvement with foreign affairs led many United States citizens to not trust their own government. Protests erupted demanding that the United States withdraw its troops from Vietnam and would lead to the hippy mentality that was already taking hold in American culture. To begin the analysis of The Rolling Stones, recorded in 1968 “Sympathy for the Devil” fits right into the discussion of the previous events. It would be impossible to understand the song without establishing the lyrics and the persona that is present in the song, the devil. Mick Jagger, the vocalist and writer of the song explores the dynamic of putting the listener in the shoes of the devil. Taking the listener to different events in history to make the listener confront the horrible things that had been done in the past like the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the fighting of kings and queens (“Rolling Stones”). These lyrics just establish the mood of the song but doesn’t get to the significance until the next line. In this line the “devil” asks the question “Who killed the Kennedys” responding with “after all it was you and me” (“Rolling Stones”). The song now makes the listener confront the fact that humans have not been so innocent to the events that had been described in the previous lines of the songs. They had...
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