Lecturer: Huynh Trung Dung
Group:
Name: Tran Van Lau
Student ID: S3255155
PROJECT PROPOSAL

RMIT International University Vietnam
Bachelor of Commerce Program

Assignment Cover Page Subject Code: | BUSM3311 | Subject Name: | International Business | Location & Campus (SGS or HN) where you study: | RMIT Vietnam | Title of Assignment: | Assignment 2 | Student name: | Tran Van Lau | Student Number: | S3255155 | Teachers Name: | Huynh Trung Dung | Group Number: | 4 | Assignment due date: | 20/08/2012 | Date of Submission: | 20/08/2012 | Number of pages including this one: | 28 | Word Count: | 2500 |

Table of Contents I. COUNTRY OVERVIEW 5 1. GEOGRAPHY 5 2. SOCIAL CONDITIONS 5 3. ECONOMICS CONDITIONS 6 4. LEGAL CONDITIONS 7 5. POLITICAL CONDITIONS 7 6. INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS 7 II. COMPANY OVERVIEW 8 III. PRODUCT OVERVIEW 8 1. Products 8 2. Price 10 3. Place 10 a. Domestic market 10 b. Foreign market 11 4. Promotion 11 IV. International Institutional Environment 11 V. MARKETING ANALYSIS 12 1. Marketing objectives 12 2. Competitors Analysis 12 a. Direct Competitors 12 b. Indirect competitors 12 3. Target market & Segmentation 14 a. Target market 14 b. Positioning 14 VI. ENTRY MODEs 15 1. Exporting 15 2. Joint Venture 15 3. Wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS) 16 4. CRITERIA 16 5. MAKING DECISION 16 VII. FINANCIAL P/L 17 1. Financial Statement P/L 17 VIII. INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS 19 FLEXIBILITY analysis 19 Market Analysis 19 Economic Analysis 19 Ecological Analysis 19 Legal and Administrative Analysis 19 Resource 19 Location and Transportation 19 IX. APPENDIX 21 1. SWOT 21 2. Criteria explanation 23 3. PROFIT AND LOSS EXPLANATION 24 3.1 COST AND EXPENDITURE 24 3.2 ESTIMATION OF SALES VOLUME 25 3.3 ESTIMATION OF PRICE 26 3.4 REVENUE ESTIMATION 26 X. REFERENCES 27

I.
COUNTRY OVERVIEW
Ghana (Republic of Ghana) located in West Africa. It is bordered by Burkina Faso, Gulf of Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire and Togo. Accra is capital and largest city. 1. GEOGRAPHY * Geographic coordinates: 800 N, 200 W * Area: * Total: 239,460 km2 * Land: 230,940 km2 * Water: 8,520 km2 * Coastline: 539 km * Climate: tropical; warm and dry in the southeast coast; humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

2. SOCIAL CONDITIONS 2.1 . Population
The population of Ghana increases rapidly and rice is a main daily food; so it is predictable the demand for rice will increase significantly along with the rise of population. This is an opportunity for Angimex to raise sales.
Figure: Adapted from Index Mundi

2.2 . Labor participation rate (% of total population ages 15+)
Labor participation rate is over 60% and remained constant 2006-2010 (WorldBank 2011) that provides a large human resource (both skilled and unskilled worker) at relatively low rates. The minimum wage is GH¢3.73 Ghana cedis (approximately US$2.49) per day. These make Ghana more attractive to foreign investment. Figure: Adapted from WorldBank 2011

%

3. ECONOMICS CONDITIONS Ghana is a potential market for investment First, GDP of Ghana rises gradually from 2007 to 2012 (from 24.8 to 42.1 billion $US). Although real GDP growth fluctuates among years which might be caused by changes in inflation, it is still positive over the years. This indicates people in Ghana not losing their purchasing power. Adapted from Department of Affairs and Trade of the Australian Government (2011)

Second, according to Tawiah (2011), Ghana is the World’s fastest growing economy in 2011 (20.146%). Besides, Ghana’s has one of the highest GDP per capita in West Africa (Trading Economics 2011).GDP per capita increase from $2600 in 2009 to $3100 in 2011 (CIA World Factbook 2012). Next, though agriculture contributes 28.3% to GDP, rice is not main product. Local production of rice is only 30% (Basiru, A 2009) but Ghana demands for 1.65 million tons annually by 2015. Hence, imported rice would rise in further years. 4. LEGAL CONDITIONS
Ghana is very open for foreign investments. Hundred per cent (100%) foreign ownership is permitted. Mercuric medicated soap, toxic waste or contaminated goods are prohibited. a. Duty * Standard rate of duty for rice: 20%. * Value Added Tax (VAT): 12.5% * Inspection fee: 1% * Ghana custom network: 0.4% b. Method of payment
Letters of Credit (LC) is generally used as a method in the payment of imported goods. c. Special requirements * All food products imported, advertised, sold or distributed in Ghana must first be registered with the Food and Drugs Board under Section 18 and 25 of the Food and Drugs law 1992 * Imported foods are required to be clearly marked or labelled (The General Labelling Rules, 1992) (Ashitey 2009)

5. POLITICAL CONDITIONS * According to Kieu (2012), in 2011, while many African countries had instability of political and security, Ghana still kept a stable political environment that led Ghana’s economic growth to reach digit record (12%). * The government initiated macroeconomics policies designed to speed up the process of growth and transformation of economy. Foreign exchange keeps stable and continues to get better. * Ghana is a member of WTO and EOWAS (Economic Community of West Africa) 6. INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS * Ghana has well developed seaports, airports and road networks. Tema (east of Accra) and Takoradi (in western of Ghana) are two main ports. Rail network is upgraded to make it convenient to get the ports from inland. * Communication services such as internet, telephone and telecommunication have been improved due to various investments in information and communication technology (ICT). * Basic utilities like electricity and water are readily available at affordable rates. II. COMPANY OVERVIEW
An Giang Import Export Company (Angrimex) is established in 23/07/1976 in An Giang and equitized in 01/01/2008. With over 35 years of experience in business, Angrimex is considered as one of the Vietnamese leading company in food, agricultural materials (Fertilizers, plant protection agents) and commercial and supermarket service but rice is the main field. Angimex has capability to produce 350,000 tons of rice per year. The company has 11 factories equipped modern milling system and shining technique; convenient transportation; storage space is over 70,000 tons and the quality of products is managed to comply with ISO 9001:2000 (Angrimex’s website). Annual revenue is about VND 2,000 billion.
Achievements:
* In 2011, Angimex was awarded ‘Gold Cup for prestigious Vietnam Rice Exports enterprise by the Rice Festival Organizing Committee II. * Achieved top 500 Vietnam Brands, certificated by VietNam Union of Science and Technology, 2010 III. PRODUCT OVERVIEW 1. Products Angimex concentrates on satisfying customer’s need for product quality, safety and clear origin. a. Domestic products: An Gia and Muc Dong are two special rice brand name of Agimex. b. There are five types of exported rice

640-650 USD/ton

However, Fragrant & Jasmine rice will be implemented in Ghana market. 2. Price Angimex uses cost -plus pricing strategy to set price for both domestic and global rice market. The price is determined by adding total expenses including raw materials, labour, transportation and marketing with expected profit. However, the price must stand between the market’s price ceiling and price floor which are decided by Vietnam Food Association (VFA). 3. Place Angimex has 11 factories in Long Xuyen, An Giang a. Domestic market All types of rice of Angimex are selling various provinces. Angimex’s Head office is located in An Giang where is famous for indigenous traditional rice_ Nang Nhen and Jasmine. Figure: Angimex’s website

b. Foreign market Every year, Angrimex exports 230,000-300,000 tons of all rice types to many markets including Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Africa, Iran, Iraq, Cuba, Hong Kong, EU, America (Angrimex Annual report 2011) Figure: Angimex’s website

4. Promotion a. Angimex’ via technology Currently, Anginex has website with good search engine in Vietnam. Angimex decides to utilize good communication technology in Ghana to open their own website which provides company’s history, achievements, product and price to promote their products. In addition, it uses Email/ Telephone to introduce products to potential customers and importer. b. Sale promotion
As first come into Ghana market, Angimex should follow pricing strategy to attract Ghana’s customer attention, for example, Angimex discounts 10% within first 2 weeks of opening. IV. International Institutional Environment

DOs | DON’Ts | * Learn about Ghana first president * Remove hat when talking with elder or chief * Travel at least 2 hours before meeting since traffic as a snail with limp * Give a gift of Schnapps or gin * Wear business suit for formal meeting * Pay for meal if you are who invited * Expect when see the same sex holding hands * Greet everyone including kids and start with the most elderly * Make appointment in advance * Give gift for king of chief | * Take taxi and replace by busses called Tro-Tro * Shake hand, Eat or show direction with left hand * tip since it is not customary * Walk on street alone after 7pm * Hold hand as opposite sex * Go shopping and purchase something by ourselves * Carry a lot of cash * Buying through mobile phones * Go to beach to swim on Tuesday * Wear bikini or very revealing clothes | V. MARKETING ANALYSIS 1. Marketing objectives
In the first 2 years (2013 & 2014) focus to 3 biggest cities in Ghana: Accra, Kumasi and Sekondi-Takoradi * Gain the brand awareness to 20% * Achieve 20% market share * Raise 15% brand recall * Increase revenue to $3,217,180 at the end of 2013
In the next 3 years (2015, 2016 & 2017) * Expand the market to other cities ( Tamale, Techiman and Tema ) * Increase brand awareness by 25% * Increase sales by 5-10% every year * Star to building the good image and concern public relations * Gain market share to 10% at the end of year 2016

2. Competitors Analysis
Ghana is used to be a big market demand for rice. Hence as Angimex enter into Ghana which has to face with many of competitors. They are not only Rice companies in Ghana but also other foreign countries with high volume exporting. a. Direct Competitors

Competitors | Barriers | Opportunities | Fumbisi Valley | 77% total consumption (TS) | * Production is not enough for the demand increase in the 2nd quarter 2012 * The volume export to Ghana up to 54.5 million USD(ECOVIET 2011) | Tolon Kumbungu District: Lowland rice growing area | | | Volta Region | 15% TS | | The Ghana Irrigation Development Authority | 8% TS | |
Reproduced from: Overseas Development Institute 2012 b. Indirect competitors

Competitors | Kind of rice | Vietnam Advantages | United States | Long grain U.S riceGH¢80 ($53.33) and GH¢100 ($66.66) * | Most countries here export high quality rice for urban consumers. Here Vietnam will focus on medium rice that lower price that is affordable for any consumers. That could be because now demand of low price Rice increases rapidly in Ghana. | Thailand | Fragrant and long grain riceGH¢120 ($80) and GH¢150 ($100) * | | China | Chinese riceGH¢60.00 ($40) and GH¢70($46.6)* | | India | Broken rice | |

3. Target market & Segmentation a. Target market

All other Angimex competitors focus on high income market high quality and high price. By advantage of lower price rice but still high quality, Vietnam will open new market by focusing on lower income consumers in several urban areas with gather high population since the demand of them increase rapidly for recent years. Advantages | Disadvantages | * Reduce mass cost of marketing * Focus on one * Lower operating cost * Maximize consumer satisfaction | * Ignore other segment * Difficult to expand * Not maximized profit * Big effect by competitors in the same segment |
Figure: reproduced from Ashok J. 2010 b. TL
Price
Quality
US
VN
China
India
Positioning

VI. ENTRY MODEs 1. Exporting

Definition | Advantages | Disadvantages | Marketing and selling domestically product in Ghana | * Low initial cost * Reach customers quickly * Complete control over production * Benefit of learning for future expansion | * Potential costs of trade barriers * Transportation cost * Tariffs and quotas * Not maximized profit * Limit of consumer knowledge |
Reproduced from: Johansson J. 2009 and Branch A. 2006 2. Joint Venture

Definition | Advantages | Disadvantages | Business agreement with another to share profit loss and control over enterprise | * Access to partner’s local knowledge * Reduction of concern about overpayment * Both parties have some performance incentives * Significant control over operation | * Potential loss of proprietary knowledge * Conflict between partners * Partner has full performance incentive * Partner has full control |
Reproduced from: Hennart, J. F., and Reddy, S. 1997 3. Wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS)

Definition | Advantages | Disadvantages | Parent company has fully control over WOS but still retain the all cost and risk of ownership | * Low initial cost * Take advantage of parent and partner’s local knowledge * Shorter the gap in technical expertise | * Future competitors * High risk * Loss of flexibility * Affect by financial performance of parent company | 4. CRITERIA Criteria/Entry Modes | Exporting | Joint Venture | Wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS) | Low Risk (0.4) | 9 | 7 | 1 | High Return(0.2) | 5 | 5 | 9 | High Control(0.2) | 7 | 5 | 9 | High Integration(0.2) | 5 | 0 | 9 | Total | 7 | 4.8 | 5.8 |

5. MAKING DECISION
Based on the criteria matrix the entry mode was chosen is Exporting. Angrimex will export rice direct to final consumers rather than traditional way of throughout intermediaries. Rice will be go from Tra Noc port in Can Tho then by water ways rice will be arrive at Accra port. The reasons for choosing Exporting is that first of all, Low risk is the most important thing Angimex concern here because now Angimex has to face with culture, languages, competitors and etiquettes. Therefore, Angimex seem to choose the safest way to avoid failure for the initial step. Furthermore, at the beginning so the return does not require extremely high profit. The higher control the higher in management that Angimex can be. As Ghanaian accepts to use Angimex rice, Angimex can be easily to expand and gain more profit by another entry mode. Additional, according to Ministry of trade there are many of reasons why exporting is the most common now such as company do not have enough knowledge about rice import partner. Then there are many of opportunities that Vietnam Stage has encourage export rice to Ghana. Ministry of Industry and Trade were interested in developing economic relation and trade with Africa. Many of Vietnamese enterprise has been developed here and become a practice for Angimex can follow. Demand of imported goods is very diverse and the standards and regulations on product quality and design are not too strict. Finally, Just 10% of arable land and provide 15% of food production and low production hence Africa has to import 8-10 million tons per year and worth $8-9 billion. (SWOT analysis)

VII. FINANCIAL P/L 1. Financial Statement P/L (based on P/L explanation)

VIII. INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS
FLEXIBILITY analysis
Feasibility analysis will allow the business to understand whether the ability of business plan in international practice. According to Saxena A. & Sodhi S. (2009), feasibility analysis based on following criteria.
Market Analysis
Rice is the staple food of the people of Ghana, the demand for consumption goods, in Ghana is growing in recent years, from 1990 to 2010 7-8kg/person/year has increased over 30kg and is expected 60kg/person/year rose in 2015 on the growth of population, income and urbanization rate (source: Ministry of Food and Agriculture in Ghana). The demand for rice consumption increased on average by 11.8% / year, reaching 939,920 tons in 2010 and forecast to reach about 1,644,221 tons in 2015. But domestic production meets only about 2/3 demand. Due to production does not meet domestic demand, Ghana every year to import most consumer of rice from the rice exporting countries including Vietnam
Economic Analysis
According to VNeconomic (2011), Vietnam is the biggest importer in the world by exporting six million tons of rice ($ USD 2.8 trillion) in September 2011. Also Vietnam has entered into many of African countries like Nigieria and Liberia. Thailand is currently purchasing Vietnamese rice for exporting. Hence, the potential of exporting rice in Vietnam is very promising.
Ecological Analysis
Focus on the causes of project to the environment. How to measure the damage to the environment as accepted level? Those are 2 things that Angimex should be concern for doing this project.
Legal and Administrative Analysis
All of policy and legal on tax and rule how to enter into Ghana has been demonstrated in some previous part. The opportunity for us that Ghana does not have very strict policy.
Resource
Angimex has the efficient in areas of finance and labour when doing this project. Moreover, Angimex has traded with many foreign countries hence the company has experiences about logistics, network and market research data with foreign parties.
Location and Transportation
With the long beach line and 2 big ports as Tra Noc in Vietnam and Accra in Ghana which will be very convenient for using Shipping for delivery.

IX. APPENDIX 1. SWOT

Internal | STRENGTH * Being one of the Vietnamese leading company in food * Having over 35 years of experiences in selling rice * Experience for exporting rice to Africa * Certificated for high reputation exported business * 11 factories equipped modern milling system and shining technique * Convenient transportation * Storage space is over 70,000 tons * The quality of products is managed to comply with ISO 9001:2000(Angimex Website 2011) | WEAKNESS * Being a price taker so Angimex has to follow the market’s rice * Lack of capital for business cycle * Weak relationship with farmers unstable supply * High labor costs(Agroinfo website 2011) | External | OPPORTUNITIES * Ministry of Industry and Trade were interested in developing economic relation and trade with Africa * Many of Vietnamese enterprise has been developed here and become a practice for Angimex can follow * Demand of imported goods is very diverse and the standards and regulations on product quality and design are not too strict * Just 10% of arable land and provide 15% of food production and low production hence Africa has to import 8-10 million tons per year, worth $8-9 billion * Stable exchange rate * Rice is daily food * Very open for investment * Medium income * Developed ports & transportation * Comparative prices (chart below) | THREAT * Lack of information of Imported Partner * Far distance between Vietnam and Ghana therefore the cost of transportation very high * Africa buying in the form of deferred payment and delivery at the port of destination, this is potential risk * Vietnam has contributed to world food security of nearly 80 million tons of rice but have not developed national brand rice * Global rice stocks reached record highs over the past decade so it increase supply and reduce import demand (United nation (2012) ) * Low price of rice of India and Pakistan, Vietnam may lose 20% of African Market * 20% imported tax * Vietnam and African countries do not have bank agreements led to the procedures for opening L / C complex, long-time money transfer, high bank charges (Nguyen, T 2011) |

Reproduced from: Ministry of Trade 2012http://thailand-business-news.com/economics/32219-thailands-rice-scheme-could-spark-food-crisis#.TvMWdTW2y5I

2.
Criteria explanation

Criteria/Entry Modes | Worth | Meaning | Low Risk (0.35) | 25% | When expanding enterprise into new market, Angimex has to face with many of barriers like culture, etiquette, strong competitors and business culture. It is very importance that Angimex will be chosen the safest way to enter into Ghana since if Angimex fail for the first step they will lose everything included images, capital, and potential growth. | High Return(0.15) | 20% | Investment that means the project has been get return. If they cannot gain profit, they will not invest. Therefore, return also is very important. That may be money, experience, satisfaction and loyalty customers. | High Control(0.15) | 20% | The more control company has the more they can manage the business well. Business can be flexible for making decision, cost management and implement their strategies for success. Furthermore, enter into new market that mean new labor so if Angimex can control over them, Angimex can get higher result | Low investment cost (0.15) | 20% | Capital will be decided how well the business is, the liquidity of company. The lower cost the higher desired for the project. That means company put more effort to research and desires the best project. | High Integration(0.1) | 15% | Expand always is a goal that each business want to. Angimex is not exclusive so expanding also is their objectives to gain higher profit and open market to foreign countries. In long term or short term Angimex will have a strong image in customers’ mind. Rice is not only in Vietnam also in Africa. |

3. PROFIT AND LOSS EXPLANATION

3.1 COST AND EXPENDITURE a. Cost of Goods Sold
COGS is equal to the cost of rice bag from local farmers and the costs of labors are responsible for milling rice. So the COGS can be approximately equal 30% of total sales. b. Other expenses

Expenses | Estimated amount (%/USD) | Explain | Marketing | 250 | By applying exporting entry mode therefore the cost for marketing quite low | Transportation | 5% of sales | The main cost of Angimex for this project is transportation cost by using shipping from Tra Noc (Can Tho) to Accra port (Ghana). Its distance is | Utilities | 1% of sales | Cost in Vietnam | Insurance | 1% of sales | Using shipping so insurance cost is extremely important since the long distance. Insurance is to ensure that good will be safe as destination and avoid damage With the long distance of transporting so this cost is requirement. However, with the entry mode was exporting so after Gentraco deliveries to Grenada intermediaries, there is no responsible for Gentraco | Supplies | 150 | Guesstimate | Telephone & Internet | 45 | The price for At&T DSL (phone line)http://findbestdsloffer.com/index.php | Maintenance | 3% of sales | Maintained cost in Vietnamese factories | Salary | 7% of sales | Cheap labour in Vietnam and Ghana | Miscellaneous | 1% of sales | Predict some others cost may occurred during process | Management Fees | 1% of sales | Salary pays for people who control all process from Vietnam to Ghana. Ware house is in both Vietnam and Ghana |

3.2 ESTIMATION OF SALES VOLUME

Big City | Population (2010) | Accra | 1,963,264 | Kumasi | 1,468,609 | Sekondi-Takoradi | 138,872 | Total population of 3 cities | 3,570,754 | Top population of Ghana | 22,931,299 | % Population (3,570,745/22,931,299) | 15.57% | Year | Rice quantity imported from Vietnam | $US | 2010 | 67,246 tons | 65.2 million (HV 2011) | 2011 | 79,447 tons [($77,029,790*67,246 tons)/ 65.2 million] | $77,029,790 (Ministry of Trade 2012) |

In 2010, Ghana imported 67,246 tons the quantity demand of 3 cities would be 10,470 tons (67,246 tons* 15.57%) which increased by 18% [(79,447-67,246)/67,246] to 12,354.6 tons (10,470 tons*1.18) in 2011 and it is estimated to rise by 20% to 14,826 tons (12,354.6 tons* 1.2) at the end of 2012. Angimex expects to get 35% market share that is 5,189 tons due to high reputation for consistency of delivery (Angimex has been awarded a certificate for high reputation imported business granted by Vietnamese Ministry of Trade for 8years)(Angimex’s website). Year | 2013-2014 | 2014-2015 | 2015-2016 | Assumption % increase in sale | | 16% | 18% | Total quantities | 5,189 tons | 6,019 tons | 7,102 tons | Explanations: (1) 5,189+ 5,189*0.16=6,019 tons (2) 6,019+ 6,019* 18= 7,102 tons
3.3 ESTIMATION OF PRICE In 2012, according to Nguyen H (2012), price of Fragrant & Jasmine 5% broken is about 610-620 US$/ton. Angimex estimates this price will increase 5% in the second year and 7% in third year due to demand growth. Year | 2013-2014 | 2014-2015 | 2015-2016 | Assumption % increase of price | | 5% | 7% | Price ($/ton) | 620 | 651 | 697 |
3.4 REVENUE ESTIMATION Year | 2013-2014 | 2014-2015 | 2015-2016 | Sale Quantities (tons) | 5,189 | 6,019 | 7,102 | Prices (US $ per ton) | 620 | 651 | 697 | Sales Revenue (US $) | 3,217,180 | 3,918,369 | 4,950,094 | X. REFERENCES * “Nhung diem yeu cua gao Vietnam”, Agroinfo website, viewed 16 August 2012, < http://agro.gov.vn/news/tID21602_Nhung-diem-yeu-cua-gao-Viet-Nam-.htm> * Ashok J. 2010, Principles of Marketin, V.K. Enterprises, pp. 87-107 * Australia Government, Country Brief, viewed 10th August 2012, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/ghana/index.html * Basiru, A 2009, “Ghana: Rice on High Demand but Local Production is only 30%”, All Africa, <http://allafrica.com/stories/200912180808.html> * Branch A. 2006, Export Practice and Management, 5th edn., pp 36-48, ThomSon Learning, London. * CIA World FactBook 2012, “Ghana Economy 2012”, viewed 11th August 2012, http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/ghana/ghana_economy.html * ECOMVIET 2011, “Những thuận lợi khi xuất khẩu sang Bờ Biển Ngà”, viewed 15 August 2012, <http://www.ttnn.com.vn/nuoc-lanh-tho/63/tin-tuc/31685/nhung-thuan-loi-khi-xuat-khau-sang-bo-bien-nga.aspx> * Ghana, Country Etiquette, viewed 14 August 2012, <http://www.vayama.com/etiquette/ghana/> * Hennart, J. F., and Reddy, S. 1997, “The Choice Between Mergers/Acquisitions and Joint Ventures: The Case of Japanese Investors in the United States”, Strategic Management Journal , pp 1-12 * Homepage Ministry of Trade, “Tinh hinh xuat khau gao VietNam sang Chau Phi”, viewed 12 August 2012, <http://www.aip.gov.vn/default.aspx?page=news&do=detail&category_id=250&news_id=2772> * Homepage, Overview About International Trade in Ghana, The Global Trade.net, viewed 10th August 2012, http://www.globaltrade.net/m/c/Ghana.html * http://www.tradingeconomics.com/ghana/gdp-growth * HV 2011, “Nhu cầu nhập khẩu gạo tại các nước Tây Phi”, Thoi bao kinh te Sai Gon, viewed 16 August 2012, <http://www.thesaigontimes.vn/Home/nongsan/chuyengiatuvan/50924/> * Indexmundi, 2011, Population of Ghana, viewed 10th August 2012 <http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=21&c=gh&l=en> * Indexmundi, Inflation rate of Ghana, viewed 11th August 2012, <http://www.indexmundi.com/ghana/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices).html> * Johansson J. 2009, Global Marketing: Foreign Entry, Local Marketing and Global Management, 5th edn, pp129-157, Mc Graw Hill Company, Inc. <http://kafebisnis2010.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ebooksclub-org__global_marketing__foreign_entry__local_marketing__and_global_management.pdf> * Jordan M. 2011, “Serge the Concierge: 10 Do's & Don'ts of Accra, Ghana”, viewed 13 August 2012, <http://accraconsciousforever.blogspot.com/2011/01/serge-concierge-10-dos-donts-of-accra.html> * Ministry of Trade 2012, “Tinh hinh xuat khau gao dia phuong sang chau Phi” Bo Cong Thuong, viewed 16 August 2012, <http://www.aip.gov.vn/default.aspx?page=news&do=detail&category_id=250&news_id=2767> * Ministry of Trade 2012, “Tình hình xuất khẩu gạo Việt Nam sang châu Phi”, viewed 12 August 2012 <http://www.aip.gov.vn/default.aspx?page=news&do=detail&category_id=250&news_id=2772> * Nguyen, H (2012), “VFA khuyen cao tinh trang gian doi, anh huong chat luong gap”, VnEconomy, viewed 16 August 2012, <http://vneconomy.vn/20120618114837117P0C19/vfa-khuyen-cao-tinh-trang-gian-doi-anh-huong-chat-luong-gao.htm> * Nguyen, T 2011, “Xuất khẩu gạo sang châu Phi: Bất lợi vì phải qua trung gian”, Thoi bao Ngan Hang, viewed 16 August 2012, < http://www.thoibaonganhang.vn/tin-tuc/40-xuat-khau-gao-sang-chau-phi--bat-loi-vi-phai-qua-trung-gian-1833.html> * Overseas Development Institute 2012, Multi-Agency partnerships in West Africa: Rice production in Ghana, viewed 15 August 2012 <http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/3988.pdf> * Rondon M. & Ashitey E. 2011, 2011 Grain and Feed Annual, viewed 12 August 2012, <http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/2011%20Grain%20and%20Feed%20Annual_Accra_Ghana_4-11-2011.pdf> * Saxena A. & Sodhi S. (2009), Feasibility Analysis, Project Report And Business Plan, viewed 15 august 2012, http://www.du.ac.in/fileadmin/DU/Academics/course_material/EP_05.pdf * Tawiah, F 2011, “Ghana: The World’s Fastest Growing Economy in 2011”, GhanaWeb , viewed 13 August 2012, <http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/artikel.php?ID=221641> * Trading Economics 2012, “Ghana GDP Growth Rate”, viewed 11th August 2012 * Utley I. 2009, Ghana - Culture Smart: the essential guide to customs and culture, pp 40-57 & 144-165, Kyperard, Bravo Ltd, London.