...Without a single definition of the term anti-social behaviour, what is, and what is not classified as anti-social behaviour, is an ongoing debate. The wide spectrum of behaviours which can be covered under the expression anti-social behaviour, differ greatly in levels of intensity. This is seen through The Scottish Executive, 2003, which states anti-social behaviour can encompass anything from dog fouling and littering, to sexual harassment and violence. The Home Office and the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 give different, yet both extremely vague, descriptions of anti-social behaviour; while the Home Office defines it as ‘any aggressive, intimidating or destructive activity that damages or destroys another person's quality of life,’ the 1998 Act expresses it as behaviour that ‘causes or is likely to cause alarm or distress to one of more persons not of the same households’. People hold different views on anti-social behaviour, due to how and where they were brought up, just as can generation and cultural differences cause diverse perceptions. Due to the vagueness of the term anti-social, it can allow anybody to be accused by anyone of being anti-social. This gives many problems as how to tackle anti-social behaviour, as the area of trouble is so large, and as society and technology is changing, new policy developments need to be continually made. A distinctive characteristic of anti-social behaviour is the insignificance of whether the criminal law has actually been broken....
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...is to suppress corruption that seems to worsen. (Olivares-Cunanan, 2013) Although there is no known document that will lead us to where corruption began and who started this practice, there are already existing documents that proposes how it started and the reason why this exists. Corruption began in the early period as far back as the old Egyptian kingdom. There is also a clear founding that corruption through its most common form existed in other civilizations that existed in the early ancient world. In the Athenian state council, bribery is common in order for the major power the so-called elite to implement what they want. The same practice was committed by roman emperors who used give lands to the senate members in order for the latter body to be on their side. (Freille, 2007). In the modern era, documents from the past that can possibly tell us where and when corrupt practices have begun may seem to be impossible to retrieve, and if ever possible, these documents may have a little relevance to no use at all in the study on how we can curtail at least corrupt practices on the national scale. ( Co, 2007) Defining what is corruption and determining its root cause is one of the center of interest of analysts and international organizations primarily because it’s direct connection to development. A lot of moves have been made in order to fight corruption. Studies regarding the gravity of corruption in the world and what countries are most affected by corruption have been subject...
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...Corruption and Bribery April 29, 2015 Abstract In this paper, I will be writing about corruption and bribery. I will define the terms and go on to explain the regulations that have been put in place to stop corruption and bribery. I will then go on to give examples of major corruption and bribery scandals that companies have recently been in and what has been done to punish said companies for their crime. Intro Corruption is defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as “dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people (such as government officials or police officers), the act of corrupting someone or something, and something that has been changed from its original form”. (Merriam-Webster) Bribery is defined as “something valuable (such as money) that is given in order to get someone to do something”. (Merriam-Webster). A bribe can be from person to person, company to company, or even country to country and it is considered a crime in most parts of the world. Many would agree that there is a lot of bribery and corruption in modern day politics as well as International companies, but I will not be going into that for it is another huge topic. “Bribery and corruption are major obstacles to socio-economic development and distort national and international economic relations.” (IBE) This corruption is seen as an unfair advantage for companies with a lot of money to throw away to get what they want and is considered very unethical in the eyes...
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...for Ethics and Integrity. Its main objective is to strengthen the Legal and Policy framework to fight corruption and rebuild ethics and integrity in Uganda. With regard to the coordination role, the Legal department is responsible for tracking the enforcement of anti- corruption policy and laws. This exercise is expected to ensure compliance and to enable the identification of challenges that law enforcement agencies face during enforcement and, also a mechanism to identify lacuna in the existing law and, new and emerging issues in the fight against corruption that would require new legislation. Functions of the Department * To Provide legal counsel to the directorate on matters related to the fight against corruption and ensuring ethical governance * To review existing anti- corruption legislation and policy, with a view to proposing ammendments * To identify new and emerging issues in the fight against corruption and develop new legislation or measures to address the same * To ensure compliance with anti- corruption laws and policy by monitoring their implementation * Ensuring that Uganda's legal and policy frame work is in harmony with international anti- corruption legal instruments * To monitor Uganda's compliance with international legal instruments by undertaking periodic self- assessments and reporting. * To widely disseminate anti- corruption laws and policy to the public Staff Establishment The Legal department is headed by the Director...
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...Executive Summary Corruption has long been a part of world economy, and still is today. It can come in the form of bribery, embezzlement, fraud, blackmail, or extortion and can be small-scale involving a sector of a company, or large-scale seeding through government or an entire market. More recently has been the rise of globalization and anti-corruption legislation and organizations, all of which pose a real threat to the existence of corruption and unethical corporate behaviour in international business. Risks of displaying unethical corporate behaviour such as bribery and corruption includes repercussions in the form of anti-corruption indictments or public relations disasters and reputation damage resulting from negative publicity surrounding poor moral actions. Some economists argue that bribery and small-scale corruption is essential to doing business in some host nations and market, and others argue that in the long term, participating in unethical behaviour has negative impacts on both the local economy and the parties involved. Multinational corporations constantly involved in international business dealings can do three things to stop corruption: (1) - have ethical standards or company-wide moral codes in place to avoid having employees involved in unethical corporate behaviour, therefore making anti-corruption legislation easier to regulate, (2) – they need to use their resources and effects on local markets as leverage to discourage corruption in any economy,...
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...Connected Health Policy #: 0002 Effective Date: July 12, 2014 Revised: July 12, 2014 Global Anti-Corruption Policy Purpose: This policy outlines the requirements for compliance with anti-corruption laws governing the conduct of Connected Health’s business internationally with emphasis on the United States’ Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 (as amended), and establishes the control systems to ensure compliance with the FCPA and other international anti-corruption and anti-bribery requirements. Additional Authority: This policy shall ensure compliance to all relevant anti-corruption laws, including, but not limited to, the FCPA, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Sarbanes Oxley Act or similar laws. In addition, Connected Health adheres to all laws protecting employees including the Dodd-Frank Act for whistleblower protection. Additionally, this policy emphasizes stakeholders to be aware of the enhanced civil and criminal penalties for violation of certification requirements - section 906, securities exchange act of 1934, destruction or alteration of documents and other forms of white collar crime and criminal violations prosecuted by the department of justice. Scope: This policy applies to all employees, consultants, and affiliates of Connected Health and its subsidiaries for their period of service to the Company. This policy applies to all transactions in all countries where Connected Health operates. In the event...
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... * Rent seeking behavior refers to an “individual’s or corporation’s attempt to illicitly influence the open market in order to provide that individual or corporation with a disproportionate amount of wealth” (Bribery, 2015). * The United Nations reported that corruption costs governments about $1.6 trillion dollars every year. * Economists estimated, based on a poll done in 86 countries, that 1 in every 4 businesspersons worldwide, paid a bribe in the past year (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). * Legislation has been established in an attempt to combat bribery. * The US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is considered to have the widest jurisdictional reach, being aggressively enforced, both nationally and worldwide (Ernst & Young, 2013). PRACTICE: * Bribery is found in almost all sectors of the global market (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). * An analysis of Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index by a business scholar found that acceptance of bribes was more likely in countries with low per capita income, low salaries for government officials, and less variation in income distribution (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). * Some people believe that corruption is necessary, even beneficial, to global commerce (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). * According to a 2010...
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...Administrational model for the rest of the world for avoiding corruption? “Corruption is an insidious plague that has a wide range of corrosive effects on societies. It undermines democracy and the rule of law, leads to violations of human rights, distorts markets, erodes the quality of human life, and allows organized crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish. This evil phenomenon is found in all countries… but it is in the developing world that its effects are most destructive. Corruption hurts the poor disproportionately by diverting funds intended for development, undermining a Government’s ability to provide basic services, feeding inequality and injustice and discouraging foreign aid and investment. Corruption is a key element in economic under-performance and a major obstacle to poverty alleviation and development.” Koffi Anan, foreword, United Nations Convention against Corruption, 2003. When Democracy and central governance was formed in ancient Greece, it was for the very purpose of preventing the powerful few putting their needs above those of the masses they ruled – after all ‘Democracy’, stems from the Greek demos and kratia literally meaning the power of the people. For peoples familiar only with autocracies and hereditary monarchies, this was a radical notion. Why then, in some modern democracies, has the word government come to be almost synonymous with corruption? Corruption in government is now seen to be an unavoidable consequence of...
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...have endeavored to attempt this project. However, it would not have been feasible without the valuable support and guidance of Dr.Jayagovind. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to him. I am also highly indebted to National Law School of India University Library Staff, for their patient co-operation as well as for providing necessary information & also for their support in completing this project. My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleagues who gave their valuable insight and help in developing this project. Aim: This Research aims to assess and analyse the Jan Lokpal Bill and other contextual things, so as to give a critique of it. Objectives: 1. To ascertain the flaws in the existing machinery to prevent corruption 2. To ascertain the need of the Jan Lokpal Bill 3. To know and unearth the fortes and debilities of the Jan Lokpal Bill 4. To attempt to find out the probable panacea to the...
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...Eradication of Corruption at Fluor Corporation By Marcus Youngquist 15 Jul 2009 When thinking about what is the most important initiative for Alan Boeckmann; CEO of Fluor Corporation, can take to eliminate corruption in his company many initiatives come to mind. The Fluor Corporation delivers engineering, procurement, construction and maintenance services to 600 clients on 1,000 projects in 85 different countries. (1) When a company of that size and magnitude tries to combat something such as corruption which has been present in the world for centuries, it is without a doubt an uphill battle. I feel that Boeckmann can be successful in corruption free contracting if the right steps continue to be taken. The fight against corruption needs to happen on multiple levels; financially, politically, and intellectually. One of the first steps in eradicating corruption is on the financial front. Fluor can do this by continuing to support leading advocacy groups. (1) There is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In 1998 more than 30 nations, including all of our major trading partners, implemented rigorous anti-bribery commitments mandated by OECD. (1) One company that pioneered the private sector getting involved with anti-corruption acts is the the Partnership Against Corruption Initiative (PACI). (1) Each signatory company agreed to maintain a zero tolerance policy towards bribery and corruption. Along...
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...The Lokpal Act, 2013 is an anti-corruption Act of Indian Parliament in India which "seeks to provide for the establishment of the institution of Lokpal to inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries and for matters connecting them". SPECIAL COURTS AND ADVOCATES HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED TO HANDLE THE CASE SO THAT THEY GET RESOLVED FAST. It will strengthen the power of the judiciary in India by inducing a fear for the law in the minds of all public servants. There are several deficiencies in our anti-corruption systems because of which despite overwhelming evidence against the corrupt, no honest investigation and prosecution takes place and the corrupt are hardly punished. Our anti-corruption agencies have basic structural deficiencies because of which they are incapable of doing any honest investigations. So with this regards as well as with the increase in the levels of corruption in the political class, such an act is welcome and comes as a relief to Indians. SPECIAL COURTS TO BE CONSTITUTED BY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT The Central Government shall constitute such number of Special Courts, as recommended by the Lokpal, to hear and decide the cases arising out of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 or under this Act. Provided that in case the trial cannot be completed within a period of one year, the Special Court shall record reasons there for and complete the trial within a further period of not more than three months or such further periods...
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...Sir Dennis Duyag Introduction Corruption has recently become a major issue in foreign aid policies. However, behind the screens it has always been there, referred to as the “c-word”. The major concern for international aid policy through the last five decades is to improve the living conditions for the poor in the poorest countries of the world. This endeavour requires a close co-operation with the national governments in poor countries. Generally speaking, however, the governments in poor countries are also the most corrupt. This is one of the few clear empirical results of recent research on corruption. The level of GDP per capita holds most of the explanatory power of the various corruption indicators (Treisman, 2000; Paldam, 1999a). Consequently, if donors want to minimise the risk of foreign aid being contaminated by corruption, the poorest countries should be avoided. This would, however, make aid policy rather pointless. This is the basic dilemma corruption raises for aid policy. Unlike international business most development aid organisations and international finance institutions have the lion’s share of their activities located in highly corrupt countries (Alesina and Weder, 1999). The international community in general and some donor countries in particular are, however, increasingly willing to fight corruption. Within the “good governance” strategies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund initiatives to curb corruption are given priority. OECD and the...
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...Corruption is efforts to secure wealth or power through illegal means for private gain at public expense; or a misuse of public power for privat e benefit. Corruption like cockroaches has co- existed with human society for a long time and remains as one of the problems in many of the world’s developing economies with devastating consequences. Corruption as a phenomenon, is a global problem, and exists in varying degrees in different countries (Agbu, 2001). Corruption is not only found in democratic and dictatorial politic s, but also in feudal, capitalist and socialist economies. Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist cultures are equally be deviled by corruption Corruption in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Political corruption | Concepts | * Bribery * Cronyism * Kleptocracy * Economics of corruption * Electoral fraud * Nepotism * Slush fund * Plutocracy * Political scandal | Corruption by country | | Europe | * Albania * Armenia * Belgium * Bosnia * Denmark * Finland * France * Germany * Croatia * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Georgia * Greece * Iceland * Ireland * Italy * Kosovo * Latvia * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Macedonia * Moldova * Montenegro * Netherlands * Poland * Portugal * Romania * Serbia * Slovakia * Slovenia * Spain * Sweden * Switzerland * Ukraine | Asia | * Afghanistan * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Cambodia * China...
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...PARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS GRAFT AND CORRUPTION: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE Nelson Nogot Moratalla* I. INTRODUCTION This paper will present a condensed report on graft and corruption in the Philippines. Information was compiled by the author from documents, articles, newspaper clippings and other data gathered from the reports and journals of the Ombudsman and the Sandiganbayan, two of the constitutional bodies mandated by Philippine law to investigate and act on complaints filed against public officials and employees for violations of graft and corrupt practices. More specifically, this report will cover input from an unpublished research paper prepared by scholars from the University of the Philippines, College of Public Administration, whom I will accordingly acknowledge in this work.1 This report will generally follow the outline as provided. The first portion will introduce the theoretical perspective and context of corruption in the Philippines. It clarifies the national context within which corruption operates. It will look into the intersection of corruption and Philippine history and culture. It will likewise discuss some public perceptions of corruption. Estimates of the extent and losses of corruption in the Philippines will be briefly discussed. The history of the Philippine * Deputy Director / Dean of Academic, Philippine National Police Academy, Philippine Public Safety College, Philippines. 1 “Initiatives Taken Against Corruption: The Philippine Case”; unpublished...
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...corrupt governments, as determined by Transparency International, are as distant from one another as matter is from anti-matter. New Zealand and Denmark are hands down more ethical than their polar opposites, Somalia and Afghanistan. This paper attempts to paint a picture of how distant and discuss the variety of contributing factors, from minimum wage to deep seated and institutionalized cultural mores. Article Corruption, as defined by Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, is “an impairment of integrity, virtue or moral principle.” Equally relevant is the definition of government: “the organization, machinery, or agency through which a political unit exercises authority and performs functions..” In the scope of this paper, I intend to discuss the impact of ethical conduct, or lack of, as it relates to the degree of corruption evidenced in the conduct of governments. In short, is it the government which is corrupt, or the persons that comprise the government? Further, what impact if any does the type of government play in the degree of corruption displayed in a given government’s actions? And last, if the actions of a government which is described as corrupt are in keeping with societal norms of the region, is it right to describe them as corrupt by using a foreign measurement? And the winner is….New Zealand. According to the most recent Corruption Perception Index (CPI) report provided by Transparency International, New Zealand has the highest confidence rating...
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