CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction States and nations since the existence of the first known civilization have been struggling to establish stability on the administration of its affairs. One of these, which is inevitable is to suppress corruption that seems to worsen. (Olivares-Cunanan, 2013)
Although there is no known document that will lead us to where corruption began and who started this practice, there are already existing documents that proposes how it started and the reason why this exists. Corruption began in the early period as far back as the old Egyptian kingdom. There is also a clear founding that corruption through its most common form existed in other civilizations that existed in the early ancient world. In the Athenian state council, bribery is common in order for the major power the so-called elite to implement what they want. The same practice was committed by roman emperors who used give lands to the senate members in order for the latter body to be on their side. (Freille, 2007). In the modern era, documents from the past that can possibly tell us where and when corrupt practices have begun may seem to be impossible to retrieve, and if ever possible, these documents may have a little relevance to no use at all in the study on how we can curtail at least corrupt practices on the national scale. ( Co, 2007)
Defining what is corruption and determining its root cause is one of the center of interest of analysts and international organizations primarily because it’s direct connection to development. A lot of moves have been made in order to fight corruption. Studies regarding the gravity of corruption in the world and what countries are most affected by corruption have been subject of extensive analysis. As recent studies reveal, while corruption indirectly affective to a country’s development political upheavals and