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Apa Guidlines

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CITATIONS AND APA FORMAT
When writing any kind of paper or essay, it is essential that you give Plagiarism is a serious credit to the sources that you use; you do this by appropriately citing these sources in parenthetical citations within your paper and in a academic violation. reference list at the end of the paper. Failing to appropriately cite To avoid plagiarism, sources—either intentionally or unintentionally—is a serious academic violation called plagiarism. You should never represent someone else’s use this rule of thumb: work or ideas as your own. Any time you have taken a statement, a When in doubt, cite it. fact, or even an idea from another author, you must cite it. A good rule to go by is that if you are in doubt about whether something must be cited, do it to be safe. Certain types of material always require citation, and others do not. Material That Requires Citation How to Cite: Citations should include the author and date of the source, that is, “(Author’s last name, year).” Direct Quote: Direct quotes always require a citation. A direct quote should also include the page number, that is, “(Author’s last name, year, p. #).”
• Shame is most simply a sense that one’s self is bad. According to Goldberg, it is a “conviction that in some important way one is flawed and incompetent as a human being” (1991, p. 191).

Paraphrase/Summary: A paraphrase takes a short section of text and restates the ideas in different words. A summary does the same but generally involves a larger portion of text. You might paraphrase the idea of a few sentences or a paragraph, and you might summarize the results of an entire study.
A paraphrase of the Goldberg quote above might be as follows: • Shame is a feeling that one is somehow ruined or bad as a person (Goldberg, 1991). The following example briefly summarizes the main ideas of two separate texts. Each text is

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