...theories relating to Sports Psychology and performance, it can be evaluated that there are many possible psychological responses to implement a plan to ensure a student achieves there absolute best in the sport European Handball. European handball is team of 7 passes a ball to throw it in the goal. The game is quite fast and includes a lot of body contact, as the defenders try to stop the attackers from approaching the ball. (About Applied Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2007) With a game like European handball, a game plan will be needed as well as many strategies and a scheme to win the game will need to be set in place. There are strategies’ that not only improve my endurance and my fitness, but certain psychology strategies that improve my performance physically and mentally. If I want to take my game to the next level I have to be willing to take my training far beyond where most handball players stop. By over coming performance fears, injuries, stress and reaching certain goals there are many strategies that can be done to do so. (Quinn, 2013) Motivation, Anxiety and Arousal are the three main strategies that I used to improve in my performance. Getting good in a sport requires both physical and mental. You have to work hard on your conditioning and physical game to make it happening. A game strategy such as motivation is the best way to get you on top. Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment of the particular sport itself. And exists...
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...| Title | BTEC national sport : award, certificate, diploma / John Honeybourne | Publisher | Cheltenham : Nelson Thornes, c2003 | According to the basic tenets derived from this research, optimum performance should be seen at levels of moderate arousal. As arousal approaches extremes (a comatose state on one end and panic attack on the other), performance will decline accordingly. The end result is a curvilinear relationship between arousal and performance that resembles an inverted-U. Landers & Arent, 2001 If the task is complex, requiring fine motor skill, the optimal level of arousal is low. If the task is relatively simple, requiring gross motor skill, the optimal level of arousal is high. Suggested 'complex' tasks are performed better when one's level of drive (arousal) is low, while 'simple' tasks are performed better when arousal/drive is high. There are different degrees of arousal (over/under arousal) and people can be affected in different ways, depending on the type of tasks they face. See graph (pg 583) The relationship between arousal and performance is curvilinear (inverted u shape of graph) 'Increased arousal improves performance up to a certain point after which further increased levels of arousal will have an adverse effect' - i.e both over and under arousal can inhibit performances. Implications: Optimum levels of arousal are not the same for all activities or all performers Optimum levels of arousal are variable according to...
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...Anxiety is a complex emotion identified by various levels of agitation. It is caused by reaction to a threat or perceived threat that generates a ‘fight or flight’ response. In other words, when we experience situations where we are at risk, uncertain, threatened or attacked, we become anxious and take steps to address the concern. From here our natural instincts take over, forcing us to confront it (fight) or escape (flight). At the extreme, anxiety disrupts and unset- tles behaviour by lowering the individual’s concentration and affecting their muscular control. Sporting contests and competitions may contribute to anxiety because of the unpredictable nature of performance or the uncertainty of the outcome. Any sporting contest can give rise to anxiety when one’s perceived ability cHapteR 6 PSyChOlOGy ANd PERFORMANCE 191  START RUNNING ALERT STAY & FIGHT ANXIETY BUTTON Figure 6.8: anxiety can trigger a fight or flight response. Practice HSC exam questions does not measure up to the demands of the task. For example, a boxer might be aware that his preparation has been insufficient, but must go an indefinite number of rounds with a clearly superior opponent. The build-up of anxiety is unavoidable as the mind tinkers with thoughts of ways forward or ways out. This pessimistic appraisal causes negative stress, which underlies most forms of anxiety. Anxiety can also be entrenched in deep-seated expectations, especially if one feels that they cannot be fulfilled. When...
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...Anxiety and components. According to Onions (1996), the term anxiety is derived from the Latin word angere, meaning to choke. In sports psychology, anxiety is defined as an unpleasant emotion which is characterised by vague but persistent feelings of apprehension and dread (Cashmore, 2008). Most psychologists regard anxiety as a multidimensional constract with at least 3 components: cognitive, somatic (i.e. physical) and behavioural (Gould et al., 2002). First, cognitive anxiety involves worrying or having negative expectations about some impending situation or performance and engaging in task-irrelevant thinking as a consequence.Dunn (1999), discovered four main themes in their analysis of cognitive anxiety in ice-hockey players. These themes were a fear of performance, failure, apprehension about negative evaluation by others, concerns about physical injury or danger, and unspecified fear of the unknown. The second component of the construct of anxiety involves somatic or bodily processes. Somatic anxiety refers to the physical manifestation of anxiety and may be defined as “one’s perception of the physiological-affective elements of the anxiety experience, that is, indications of autonomic arousal and unpleasant feeling states such as nervousness and tension” (Morris et al., 1981). In sport , this component of anxiety is apparent when an athlete is afflicted by such physical markers as neuroendocrine responses (e.g., secretion of cortisol- the “stress” hormone), increases...
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...this reality, music is often present in sports performance and conditioning facilities, because strength coaches and athletes alike, believe that music may have performance enhancement properties. In response to the increasing popularity of music in sports settings, Sport and Exercise psychologists have studied the relationship between music and performance extensively over the past few decades (Atan, 2013, Barwood, Weston, Thelwell, & Page, 2009. Biagini, et al., 2002, Chen, Penhune, & Zatorre,...
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...that struggles with stress and anxiety? If not, explain your general arousal personality. What are possible factors that influence your arousal, stress, and anxiety status before an event? What are strategies that you can apply to reduce stress and anxiety and maintain appropriate arousal levels? PSYC 460 Forum Week 4 Ways to enhance social support Ways to increase proximity Ways to increase group distinctiveness Ways to create a perception of fairness Ways to increase similarity PSYC 460 Forum Week 5 Psychology Skills Training PSYC 460 Forum Week 6 Goal-Setting PSYC 460 Forum Week 7 Exercise and Psychology Well-being PSYC 460 Forum Week 8 Part 1: Young athletes participate in and discontinue sport programs for a variety of reasons. Stress can also significantly affect a young athlete's sport participation. Addictive behaviors can influence both participation and performance. In this activity, you'll reflect on your childhood youth sport experiences and determine what factors played a role in your decision to participate in and discontinue participation in a youth sport program. Part 2: Stress and addictive behaviors can have a significant impact on youth sport participants. To help them cope with stress and/or addictive behaviors, you can adapt and use several anxiety reduction techniques that are relevant for children. Identify and explain three. Part 3: In frustrating sport situations, young people are particularly influenced by adult behavior...
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...Know the effects of motivation on sports performance “… the internal state which tends to direct a person’s behaviour towards a goal.” - (Kent, 1994) “…motivation has been seen as having two aspects: it is what drives I’d to do things …and it makes us do particular things.” -(Woods, 1988) Motivation can influence decisions, learning and performance in sport. If a performer is not in a positive psychological state, mistakes will be made in the performance, and they will not perform at their best level. There are three types of motivation: * Intrinsic * Extrinsic * Self-Motivation Intrinsic This type of motivation comes directly from the performer. They are factors such as personal satisfaction or enjoyment. Biddell (1984) suggested that performers who are intrinsically motivate are more likely to continue participating then those who aren’t. This is because of personal ambition and the drive to have fun. An example of this could be an individual wishing to play squash as a form of recreation, to develop their fitness levels, but also to see if they can master the game. Extrinsic This type of motivation comes from factors that are unrelated to the task they are performing. They are rewards that the performer may get for completing a task successfully. Some of these may include money or medals. An example of this could be a player who is offered a lot of money for playing for a football team, but the don’t actually enjoy...
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...Success in global sport now requires good leadership and state-of-the-art scientific back up. Discuss, using example, the role the sports science now plays in the long term preparation of elite sports performers Introduction In this study I will debate why the modern performers need state of the art scientific back up. The margin between modern performers is so small and therefore scientific back up is needed to help increase the athlete’s potential and push above that margin to beat the opposition. This scientific evidence will help improve the athlete’s weaker areas and focus on improving weaknesses in the performer and therefore time management is required to maximise training time. Main points and examples Most elite squads now have access to a team of sport scientists which means the quality of sport in the modern game has increased and evolving thoroughly. The slight margins between performers in the modern game meaning that most performers have specialized coaching and scientific support to improve the performers skills. Sports scientist help the performer improve on their weaknesses and narrow down the margin between opposition and aim to increases the team’s chances of winning and the overall performance from the individual athlete. The advantages of this it will increase the team’s chances of success and performing better as a team due to the fact they more specific training programmes to help eliminate the weaker attributes in the squad. Sport scientists can...
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...This conceptual idea were documented by Renick in 1974, which states that “football and basketball players were being clustered into particular majors(Renick, 1974). The first academic study of academic clustering was followed up by Case, Greer & Brown in 1987 (Case, et al., 1987). Academic clustering occurs in all sports, but are more prevalent in basketball and football. In relation to athletic sports, football has had the most players to participate in a single major. The redundancy of enrolling athletes in the same major are high. It is not uncommon for athletes to share the same interest in majors, but it is an issues when these athletes are push towards particular major. The NCAA has created sanctions and rules to govern these athletic teams, to make sure they are meeting universities and NCAA standards. Manipulation of these rules and sanctions occurs all the time. For example, switching majors of a starting player who was ineligible to play in the previous game. To avoid issues with athletes eligibility, coaches and advisers per sway athletes into “friendly majors”. Fountain and Finely analyzed...
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...that struggles with stress and anxiety? If not, explain your general arousal personality. What are possible factors that influence your arousal, stress, and anxiety status before an event? What are strategies that you can apply to reduce stress and anxiety and maintain appropriate arousal levels? PSYC 460 Forum Week 4 Ways to enhance social support Ways to increase proximity Ways to increase group distinctiveness Ways to create a perception of fairness Ways to increase similarity PSYC 460 Forum Week 5 Psychology Skills Training PSYC 460 Forum Week 6 Goal-Setting PSYC 460 Forum Week 7 Exercise and Psychology Well-being PSYC 460 Forum Week 8 Part 1: Young athletes participate in and discontinue sport programs for a variety of reasons. Stress can also significantly affect a young athlete's sport participation. Addictive behaviors can influence both participation and performance. In this activity, you'll reflect on your childhood youth sport experiences and determine what factors played a role in your decision to participate in and discontinue participation in a youth sport program. Part 2: Stress and addictive behaviors can have a significant impact on youth sport participants. To help them cope with stress and/or addictive behaviors, you can adapt and use several anxiety reduction techniques that are relevant for children. Identify and explain three. Part 3: In frustrating sport situations, young people are particularly influenced by adult behavior...
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...Using the text for this course, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources answer the following questions. Your response to each question must be at least 250 words in length. 1. What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. Answer: The differences between physiological needs and psychological needs are vast. One of the most important differences is that physiological needs are material as opposed to psychological need, which are mental and non-material in nature (Deckers, 2010). However, sometimes “psychological needs are assumed to emerge into consciousness from physiological needs (Deckers, 2010)”. The physiological needs entail the need for oxygen, water, vitamins, warmth, cool, rest, avoidance of pain, and urination among many others. In order to satisfy these needs, things like food, air, water, etc., must be provided. For example, to satisfy hunger, one would need to provide food. If the food is not provided, the person’s glucose level will become lower, they will probably suffer nausea, lightheadedness and low energy levels since the physiological needs are responsible for pushing the individual’s organism into action. Without the satisfaction of the physiological need, it is possible that the individual’s physical wellbeing would be negatively affected (Deckers, 2010). On the other hand, although psychological needs like physiological needs center around the notion of a...
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...parents since her love and affection made to build a very strong relationship with her. When she was ill and not doing well for some days, as a usual human mentality I was thinking that she will recover soon and hoping to be good. But suddenly when I heard the news that she was no more I couldn’t take up the fact and reality. I was very nervous, heart beating fast, tears rolling on the eyes until I see her body. I became very low at that moment and there was an emotion of sadness arises. Hence this state of emotion is connected under the James-Lange theory of emotion, which states that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to the events. Under this theory, to experience emotion we must first experience the physiological arousal that links to the state emotion depends upon the type of event. According to William James and Carl Lange, the theory states that our emotions are caused by our interpretation of bodily reactions. The theory has interpreted by sequential process...
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...PSYC 460 Week 1 to 8 Quizzes Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-460-week-1-to-8-quizzes/ Week One Quiz - Psychological make-up Part 1 of 1 - 15.0/ 15.0 Points Question 1 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points Trait anxiety refers to _________ anxiety, whereas state anxiety refers to __________ anxiety. A.general; momentary B.momentary; general C.competitive; noncompetitive D.noncompetitive; competitive Question 2 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points The phenomenological approach to personality is consistent with the interactional approach except that it focuses on A.the individual's interpretation of the situation and himself or herself B.the traits of an individual C.the situation a person is dealing with at the time D.the behavior of the individual E.the outcome of the behavior Question 3 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points Which of the following is not a subscale from the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory? A.concentration B.coachability C.goal setting D.imagery E.freedom from worry Question 4 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points Test anxiety is an example of a A.trait measure B.state measure C.situation-specific trait measure D.situation-specific state measure Question 5 of 15 1.0/ 1.0 Points The situational approach to personality assumes that A.individuals behave differently across situations ...
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...[pic] FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE CONTENT: FOCUS QUESTION 1- HOW DOES TRAINING AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Energy systems • Types of training and training methods • Principles of training • Physiological adaptations in response to training FOCUS QUESTION 2- HOW CAN PSYCHOLOGY AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Motivation • Anxiety and Arousal • Psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety FOCUS QUESTION 3- HOW CAN NUTRITION AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Nutritional considerations • Supplementation • Recovery strategies FOCUS QUESTION 4- HOW DOES THE ACQUISITION OF SKILL AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Stages of skill acquisition • Characteristics of a learner • The learning environment • Assessment of skill and performance FOCUS QUESTION 1- HOW DOES TRAINING AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Energy systems: All energy is provided in the muscles in the form of the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Chemical reactions in the body cause ATP to break down and release energy to the muscles for work. The chemical reactions are a result of a combination of oxygen we breathe and the breakdown of food, mainly carbohydrates and fats. The structure and breakdown of ATP: The ATP molecule has three phosphate molecules attached to it by high energy chemical bonds. One phosphate splits from the molecule and energy is released. The remaining compound is adenosine diphosphate...
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...Chmielewski PSY-812 November 13, 2013 Mental Imagery and Its Limitations Mental imagery is described as experience occurs without the presence of specific stimuli for the appropriate perception. Many professionals in sports training to achieve better performances have applied mental imagery as a technique. This idea has been there in sports for many years, however, it is recently being incorporated into sports training. As a psychological process intended to improve performance of athletes, it has presented positive results while other athletes have reported negative results from the visualization process. This paper aims to unearth whether indeed imagery is research founded or just a matter of popular psychology. Many researches that have been carried out by various experts explicitly indicate that the visualization concept is beneficial to sports. Mental imagery as a visualization technique has successfully aided to improve the performance of athletes. Studies conducted on imagery during the twentieth century have had inconsistent results due factors such as unavailability of reliable controls and subjects. However, recent studies on mental imagery have had sufficient evidence to suggest that it can improve performance of various sports. Finke carried out a meta-analytic research of sixty studies aimed at examining effect of mental practice on control conditions. The results from average effect sizes indicated that the practice of imagery influence performance...
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