...The production and manufacture of Aspirin Aspirin is one of the most consumed painkillers created up to this date due to its reliability and low expense. It is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and as an anti-inflammatory medication. Due to its wide range of uses, the demand for this pharmaceutical is very high. As a result, manufacturers who produce this drug must be efficient in order to reduce the time taken to produce this drug and produce the in very high quantities. Industrial production of Aspirin is dependent on the company producing the drug; however the general method of production is known as slugging or dry-granulation. In this method, corn starch is mixed with pure water and is then heated and stirred till a transparent paste is formed. This paste is then mixed with lubricant and the active ingredient, which is acetylsalicylic acid in a machine called and Glenn mixer. This removes any air trapped in the mixture. This mixture is then separated into units known as slugs. Next, large batches of these slugs are filtered through a machine called a Fitzpatrick Mill. The remaining lubricant is then added to the mixture which is then blended in a rotary granulator. Finally, the mixture is compressed into tablets by a rotary tablet machine. The mixture is fed into a number of dye cavities on a steel plate. The mixture is then punched by two punches above and below the dye cavities. The punch above the dye cavity compresses the mixture into a...
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...technological advantages increase in both everyday life as well as the medical field. More specifically, neurological technology advancements such as electronic aspirin. Electronic aspirin is an implant designed to stop nerve signals causing chronic headaches and migraines. This technology is one small step into helping relieve pain that is not commonly helped by regular medicine/treatment,therefore might only be ineffective out of personal fear. Different medicines and treatments are available to help people with their pain, but not all helps people with chronic headaches/migraines. Electronic aspirin was designed to be a more effective way to help these kinds of people by fixing the cause of the pain at the source, the nerves. By blocking the pain signals in the nerves causing the chronic migraines, it eliminates the need to take medicines/ or get treatments done that might prove ineffective....
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...Aspirin and plants might have something in common when combined. If Aspirin was added to a plant then the results might differ. Aspirin is supposed to affect humans. Aspirin is not made to fix nor cure plants from anything. Testing this out could affect something from the plant cell that's different from the animal cell. This paper will be diving deeper into each individual aspect and provide more information. First, Aspirin Is A drug that is supposed to to reduce pain and fever from infections. Aspirin is also an acid called acetylsalicylic, this as well helps with the irritation of cuts or illnesses. Aspirin interferes with blood clots, preventing anything bad to happen to them. Aspirin is a powder with the chemical formula C9H8O4. Aspirin...
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...What’s one of the most common drugs in history that is used for many different reasons? Aspirin. Approximately 35000 metric tons are produced and consumed every year. Acetylsalicylic acid also known as aspirin is often used to relieve minor aches and pains as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-lamasery medication. Many people don’t know what aspirin is but only what it does for their particular needs. Aspirin is a white crystalline substance made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is used in the treatment of rheumatic fever, headaches, neuralgia, colds, and arthritis; reduce temperature and pain. The formula for aspirin is C9H8O4. Aspirin's scientific name is acetylsalicylic acid. The main ingredient in ASA is salicylic acid. Aspirin is derived from a chemical extracted from willow bark: Salicylate Acid. Salicylate Acid has a long history of uses. During Medieval times herbalists used it for its palliative properties. This ingredient grows in small roots, leaves, flowers and fruits on plants. The willow leaf was used as herbal medicine by the ancient Greeks during childbirth to ease labor pains. There is also documentation of the first proper scientific study of the herbal remedy in year 1763. Dried willow bark was used by Reverend Edward Stone of Chipping Norton near Oxford on 50 parishioners suffering from rheumatic fever. He then recorded the benefits it had. It wasn't until year 1823 that salicin was extracted from willow and formally named. A German chemist...
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...REVIEW Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Women and Men A Sex-Specific Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Jeffrey S. Berger, MD, MS Maria C. Roncaglioni, MD Fausto Avanzini, MD Ierta Pangrazzi, MD Gianni Tognoni, MD David L. Brown, MD pirin therapy for reducing the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and vascular death among men and women with preexisting cardiovascular disease are well established,1-3 the role of aspirin in primary prevention is less clear. An overview of 5 randomized trials investigating aspirin therapy for the primary prevention of vascular disease found a significant beneficial effect of aspirin therapy on the prevention of a first MI, but no significant effects on the risk of stroke or vascular death.4 Although women were included in only 2 of these studies and accounted for only 20% of the population studied, the US Preventive Services Task Force5 and the American Heart Association6 deemed aspirin therapy effective in decreasing the incidence of coronary heart disease in adults of both sexes who are at increased risk. Subsequently, guidelines from the American Heart Association on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women recommended use of low-dose aspirin therapy in women whose 10-year risk of a first coronary event exceeds 20% and consideration 306 Context Aspirin therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults who are at increased risk. However, it is unclear if women...
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...Structure of Aspirin and its Relation to Willow Bark Question: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), better known as Aspirin, is a common pain reliver. Research the following topics: - Explore the chemical reactions associated with the synthesis of ASA, Determine the type of reaction that occurs, and the class of organic compounds involved. - Research the historical connection between willow bark and ASA. What advantages does ASA have over the compound extracted from willow bark? How were these advantages achieved? Introduction: Aspirin, otherwise known as acetylsalicylic acid is a common over the counter medication which is used to reduce fever and relieve moderate pains. In lower doses it may also...
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...favorable and could be better. The percentage yield of the synthesized aspirin obtained in this experiment is 13.8%, which is considered as relatively low. Some errors like random human errors and mechanism errors may have occurred. One of the sources of error might occur during the addition of ice water to the mixture for complete recrystallisation. There is a possibility that the ice water is not at its optimal temperature. The temperature of the ice water will increase because it is placed under room temperature for a period of time when waiting for the Erlenmeyer flask...
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...attacks occur in the day, generally between 6 A.M. and noon. Having one during the night, when the heart should be most at rest, means that something unusual happened. Somers and his colleagues have been working for a decade to show that sleep apnea is to blame. 1. If you take an aspirin or a baby aspirin once a day, take it at night. The reason: Aspirin has a 24-hour "half-life"; therefore, if most heart attacks happen in the wee hours of the morning, the Aspirin would be strongest in your system. 2. FYI, Aspirin lasts a really long time in your medicine chestClinic, who is lead author of the report in the July 29, 2008 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Most heart attacks occur in the day, generally between 6 A.M. and noon. Having one during the night, when the heart should be most at rest, means that something unusual happened. Somers and his colleagues have been working for a decade to show that sleep apnea is to blame. 1. If you take an aspirin or a baby aspirin once a day, take it at night. The reason: Aspirin has a 24-hour "half-life"; therefore, if most heart attacks happen in the wee hours of the morning, the Aspirin would be strongest in your system. 2. FYI, Aspirin lasts a really long time in your medicine...
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...and take it with water; pill 8. To stop something from happening; prevent 9, Almost the same; similar 10. Someone who goes to see a doctor; patient 11. 12. To make or create spmething ; produce A person who does a study to learn more about something ; researcher. A Felix Hoffmann's father was in a lot of pain, so Hoffmann did research and developed a mixture with salicylic acid. It worked well. Hoffmann told his manager at Bayer about this. The Company developed a drug called aspirin. It helped stop pain and lower fevers. They tested the new drug and found that it worked well. At first, Bayer sold aspirin ply through doctors. Then they made it in the form of a/ an pill and sold it in drugstores. By the 1950s, new painkillers came on the marker. These new drugs were similar to aspirin. Then a/ an researcher found that aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. Doctors began to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day. B fill in the blanks...
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...By utalizing various methodologies including solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, recrystallization, IR spectroscopy, and TLC, the components of Excedrin were seperated, purified and analyzed/identified. Of the 4.0058 grams of excedrin powder 77.80% was recovered yielding 3.1167 grams. The amount of acetimanophen recovered was 1.6283 grams and the amount of aspirin recovered was 1.4884 grams. The solid-liquid extraction successfully extracted the acetaminophen and the melting point range was found to be 168.3ºC to 170.3ºC for the recrystallized substance compared to the 168.4ºC to 170.1ºC for a 50-50 mixture of pure and recrystallized acetimanophene. The calculated retention factor for acetaminophen was 0.273 and no secondary dots (which would indicate a mixture) were...
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...University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila, Philippines Date Performed: December 3, 6, 2014 Date Submitted: December 17, 2014 Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid or Aspirin is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. It was synthesized to alter the corrosive nature of Salicylic acid that causes gastric pain in the mouth and esophagus. Aspirin can be synthesized by the reaction of Salicylic acid with acetic anhydride and 85% Phosphoric acid as the catalyst when heated in a water bath at 90°C. The formation of white crystals after scratching the solution and after cooling in an ice bath indicates the presence of the product formed after the reaction. Solubility test with water and toluene, melting point determination by oil bath and thin layer chromatography by different kinds of solvents such as 10%EA in DCM, 30%EA in DCM, 10% hexane in EA and 10% DCM in Acetone are confirmatory tests for the presence of Acetylsalicylic acid. Thin layer chromatography is an analytical technique to determine the identity of the substances and to determine the effectiveness of purification. Keywords: Acetylsalicylic acid, solubility test, melting point, thin layer chromatography Introduction Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly called “aspirin” is an analgesic, an antipyretic and an anti-inflammatory agent. Aspirin was synthesized by Charles Gerdhadt but was patented to the Bayer Company by Felix Hoffman. It was synthesized to alter the corrosive nature of salicylic acid that causes...
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...manufacturers of Aleve intend to capitalize on the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) market as drugmakers scramble to grab Vioxx's and Bextra’s multi-billion-dollar share of the arthritis and pain-relief market. Aleve is used to treat pain or inflammation caused by conditions such as arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, gout, or menstrual cramps (Cerner Multum, Inc., 1996-2012). * Company Overview Take two Aspirin ... and maybe some Alka-Seltzer antacid and One-a-Day vitamins to be on the safe side. Bayer Consumer Care manufactures parent company Bayer's line of over-the-counter drugs and nutritional supplements. Its products include analgesics, cough and cold medicines, dermatology care, and gastrointestinal remedies. One of the largest manufacturers of OTC drugs in the world, the division has production facilities in Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia and sells its products in over 100 countries at pharmacies and other retail outlets. It offers over 170 products including the ubiquitous Aspirin, as well as Aleve, Alka-Seltzer, Midol, Canesten, Bepanthen, Supradyn, Rennie, and One-a-Day. Consumer Care adheres to a simple yet insightful set of global Bayer Leadership Values. These values are central to the...
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...University of Phoenix Material Health Care Marketing Information Matrix There are a variety of information sources that may be used by consumers to obtain information relating to the marketing of health care products and services. The following matrix is intended to assist you in organizing the information contained in these sources. Consider the types of marketing messages that these information sources may contain and the reliability of the marketing message. Following the provided example, identify three examples of your own. |Source of Health Information |Type of Health-Related |Marketing Messages |How the Consumer May Assess the Accuracy or | | |Information | |Reliability of the Marketing Messages | |List the information source, such as Internet websites, WebMD, MedLine, or the news media. |Type of information |List at least one |List one approach the consumer may use to | | |provided by the source |marketing message being |verify the accuracy of the marketing message.| | | ...
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...Is Tylenol Really Safe 1 Is Tylenol Really Safe Pallis Wilson Professor King Devry University 2 Is Tylenol Really Safe Is Tylenol really safe? Tylenol an over-the-counter pain killer developed by McNeil Laboratories and acquired by Johnson and Johnson in the 1950’s. Its active ingredient consists of acetaminophen. Acetaminophen used to relieve headaches, muscle aches, menstrual periods, colds, sore throats, toothaches, backaches, and reactions to vaccination shots. Acetaminophen is in a class of medication called analgesics (pain reliever) and antipyretics (fever reducer). It is a known fact the drug gives greater results after surgery than before surgery. Tylenol purpose is to change the way the body senses pain and by cooling the body. However, Tylenol is the most highly recommended over the counter drug by physicians. Is Tylenol really safe? Being the most highly recommended over the counter drug, it does have risky side effects when taken for an extended amount of time. Many people from all ages use this medication to relieve pain. I for one feel the medication is quite helpful when experiencing some discomfort from pain. Any drug you may consume could possibly lead to side affect, especially when unaware of unknown allergies. Studies have shown due to its active drug Acetaminophen (Tylenol) has caused bodily, rashes, hives, itching, difficulty breathing and swallow, even death in the 1980’s due to evidence of the compound cyanide, yet distributors...
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...glucose concentration. 2. B. Based off the grapy, the concentration of the unknown would be 0.221. 3. To find albumin (protein) in a urine sample, you to have to measure 3 mL of each 8*of the urine sample in separate in separate labeled test tubes. Add 3mL of Biuret solution to each test tube and observe the color change. B. If you get a purplish/ pinkish-violet color then that means its positive for protein. 4. Mass of Aspirin : Mass of Filter paper + aspirin = 1.40- Mass of filter paper = 1.14 = Mass of Aspirin = 0.26 grams B. Mass of salicylic acid : 0.42 * 1 / 138.12 = .00304 moles salicylic acid Mass of acetic anhydride : 0.70 * 1.08= .756 g acetic anhydride .00304 moles salicylic acid x (1 mole aspirin) / (1 mole salicylic acid) = .00304 moles aspirin .756 moles acetic anhydride x (1 mole aspirin) / (1 mole acetic anhydride) = .756 moles aspirin The Limiting Reactant would be the salicylic acid. Theoretical yield of aspirin in grams .00304 moles aspirin x (180.16 g aspirin) / (1 mole aspirin) =.547 g Aspirin Percentage Yield = 2.21 g / .547 x 100% = 40.4% 5. 1. Mineral Oil – provide spread ability to hand cream 2. Stearic Acid - Emulsifier 3. Methyl Stearate – gives desired texture 4. Lanolin- used for absorption of water by skin 5. Triethanolamine-...
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