...Abstract: Renal failure can take its toll on those affected patient and family. At the end of 2009, there were 572,569 U.S. resident under treat for End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Among the U.S resident with ESRD, there were 150.5 deaths per 1,000 patient totaling 88,620 deaths in all patients undergoing ESRD treatment. With so many experiencing the disease, understanding how it occurs and progresses might prove useful. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………..…………………………………..4 Mechanisms of Fluid Regulation………………………………………..7 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………….8 Etiology/Cause……………………………………….………….............8 Clinical Manifestations…………………………………………………11 Labs and Diagnostic Tests……………….……………………………..11 Treatment……………………………………………………………………………......13 Pharmacological…………………………………………………..……15 Nutritional………………………………………………..…………….15 Dialysis…………………………………………………………………16 Introduction The kidneys are bean shaped organs that are approximately 12cm long, 6cm wide and 2.5 cm thick. They are highly vascular, receiving 25% of cardiac output. The kidneys efficiently separate the excess of fluids, electrolytes, and metabolic by-products to produce urine. The kidneys’ location is described as retroperitoneal which means they are located outside and posterior to the abdominal cavity but lateral and anterior to the lumbar spine. Both kidneys are protected by the posterior rib cage; with the right kidney slightly lower then the left because of liver...
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...Courtesy of L E K A R SPECIAL EDITION Authors: Marino, Paul L. Title: ICU Book, The, 3rd Edition Copyright ©2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 0-7817-4802-X Authors Dedication Quote Preface to Third Edition Preface to First Edition Acknowledgments Table of Contents Section I - Basic Science Review Basic Science Review Chapter 1 - Circulatory Blood Flow Chapter 2 - Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport Section II - Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Chapter 3 - Infection Control in the ICU Chapter 4 - Alimentary Prophylaxis Chapter 5 - Venous Thromboembolism Section III - Vascular Access Vascular Access Chapter 6 - Establishing Venous Access Chapter 7 - The Indwelling Vascular Catheter Section IV - Hemodynamic Monitoring Hemodynamic Monitoring Chapter 8 - Arterial Blood Pressure Chapter 9 - The Pulmonary Artery Catheter Chapter 10 - Central Venous Pressure and Wedge Pressure Chapter 11 - Tissue Oxygenation Section V - Disorders of Circulatory Flow Disorders of Circulatory Flow Chapter 12 - Hemorrhage and Hypovolemia Chapter 13 - Colloid and Crystalloid Resuscitation Chapter 14 - Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Chapter 15 - Cardiac Arrest Chapter 16 - Hemodynamic Drug Infusions Section VI - Critical Care Cardiology Critical Care Cardiology Chapter 17 - Early Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes Chapter 18 - Tachyarrhythmias Section VII - Acute Respiratory Failure Acute Respiratory Failure Chapter 19 - Hypoxemia...
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...Chemistry Notes 2010 Core Module 1: Production of Materials Contextual Outline Humans have always exploited their natural environment for all their needs including food, clothing and shelter. As the cultural development of humans continued, they looked for a greater variety of materials to cater for their needs. The twentieth century saw an explosion in both the use of traditional materials and in the research for development of a wider range of materials to satisfy technological developments. Added to this was a reduction in availability of the traditional resources to supply the increasing world population. Chemists and chemical engineers continue to play a pivotal role in the search for new sources of traditional materials such as those from the petrochemical industry. As the fossil organic reserves dwindle, new sources of the organic chemicals presently used have to be found. In addition, chemists are continually searching for compounds to be used in the design and production of new materials to replace those that have been deemed no longer satisfactory for needs. This module increases students’ understanding of the implications of chemistry for society and the environment and the current issues, research and developments in chemistry. 1.1 Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: • Acid reactions: o acid (aq) + base (aq) salt (aq) + water (l) o acid (aq) + active metal (s) salt (aq) + hydrogen (g)...
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...#" box… and so forth. Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems VOLUME 1 Julie McDowell, Editor Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents VOLUME ONE About the Editor and Contributors, vii Introduction, ix CHAPTER 1 The Building Blocks of the Human Body, 1 Julie McDowell CHAPTER 2 The Circulatory System, 23 Leslie Mertz CHAPTER 3 The Digestive System, 85...
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...Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Introduction to Biochemistry Water Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function Properties of Enzymes Mechanisms of Enzymes Coenzymes and Vitamins Carbohydrates Lipids and Membranes Introduction to Metabolism Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis, The Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and Glycogen Metabolism The Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Photosynthesis Lipid Metabolism Amino Acid Metabolism Nucleotide Metabolism Nucleic Acids DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination Transcription and RNA Processing Protein Synthesis Recombinant DNA Technology 1 10 27 46 65 85 104 119 137 153 169 185 199 213 227 241 256 269 284 300 315 330 348 Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry 1) Which elements account for more than 97% of the weight of most organisms? A) C, H, N, Mg, O, S B) C, H, N, O, P, S C) C, H, N D) Fe, C, H, O, P E) Ca2+ , K+ , Na+ , Mg 2+ , ClAnswer: B Page Ref: Section 2 2) Proteins in biological membranes may be A) porous. B) attached to the membrane surface. C) span the membrane. D) All of the above E) B and C only Answer: D Page Ref: Section 3 3) Which statement...
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...Maria Vasilenko 223901 Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Master of Science Thesis Examiners: Professor Matti Karp Professor Raghida Lepistö Examiner and topic approved in The Science and Bioengineering Department Council meeting on 7.11.2012 Abstract TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master‟s Degree Programme in Science and Bioengineering Vasilenko Maria: Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Seminar paper, 97 pages November 2012 Major: Biotechnology Examiners: Matti Karp, Raghida Lepisto Keywords: environmental pollution, heavy metals, biosensors, slurries The quality of bioslurries that are used in industrial production and agriculture need to be watched very closely to avoid spreading of contaminants on area and poisoning of humans and animals. Because heavy metals are very stable and toxic in many chemical compositions, their amount should be estimated very thoroughly. A new approach that involved biosensors was tested in this study. Because the slurries are complex non-unified matrices which composed of two phases – solid and liquid, the cell behavior can varies a lot from the one that explained in water and so the estimation of ion concentration can be not reliable. It was shown that the cell actually behave different in the slurries. Normally the dissolved compounds suppress the biosensor activity and, in the same time, the ions in the...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...------------------------------------------------- March 2013 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled “Utilization of Characterized Activated Carbon Prepared from Corn Cobs in Sugar Decolorization”, prepared by Dyle Angellowe B. Mapagu, Aurilyn A. Ramirez and Roxanne L. Soriano, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering, is hereby recommended for oral examination. Approved by the Tribunal on Oral Examination with a grade of _________. Engr. Ma. Haidee A. Mabborang Member Engr. Monico U. Tenedor Member Engr. Marianne DC. Calica Member Engr. Caesar P. Llapitan Chairman Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering. Engr. Ernesto D. Marallag Dean, College of Engineering ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We, the authors, convey our gratefulness and appreciation to the people who have given valuable assistance in the completion of this study. To Engr. Policarpio Mabborang, Jr. for providing a perceptive and logical evaluation of our research, for his corrections and suggestions in the improvement of the study, and for his patience towards us; To Engr. Caesar Llapitan, Engr. Marianne Calica, Engr. Monico Tenedor, and Engr. Ma. Haidee Mabborang, who served as our panelists in the defense, pointed out mistakes and gave good suggestions in revising our thesis; To Engr. Gina Consigna, head of the Feed Laboratory...
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...Phoenix College Phoenix, Arizona Fifth Edition Cathee M. Tankersley, BS, MT (ASCP) Acquisitions Editor: Peter Sabatini Product Manager: Meredith L. Brittain Marketing Manager: Shauna Kelley Designer: Holly McLaughlin Production Services: Aptara, Inc. Fifth Edition Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCall, Ruth E., author. Phlebotomy essentials / Ruth E. McCall, Retired Director of Phlebotomy and Clinical Laboratory Assistant Programs, Central New Mexico Community...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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...Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (in Latin) Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (in Welsh, Ancient Greek and Irish) Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Quidditch Through the Ages The Tales of Beedle the Bard Copyright First published in Great Britain in 2012 by Little, Brown and Hachette Digital Copyright © J.K. Rowling 2012 The moral right of the author has been asserted. All characters and events in this publication, other than those clearly in the public domain, are fictitious and any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. ‘Umbrella’: Written by Terius Nash, Christopher ‘Tricky’ Stewart, Shawn Carter and Thaddis Harrell © 2007 by 2082 Music Publishing (ASCAP)/Songs of Peer, Ltd. (ASCAP)/March Ninth Music Publishing (ASCAP)/Carter Boys Music (ASCAP)/EMI Music Publishing Ltd (PRS)/Sony/ATV Music Publishing (PRS). All rights on behalf of WB Music Corp. and 2082 Music Publishing Administered by Warner/Chappell North America Ltd. All Rights on behalf of March Ninth Music...
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...Potter and the Deathly Hallows (in Latin) Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (in Welsh, Ancient Greek and Irish) Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Quidditch Through the Ages The Tales of Beedle the Bard Copyright First published in Great Britain in 2012 by Little, Brown and Hachette Digital Copyright © J.K. Rowling 2012 The moral right of the author has been asserted. All characters and events in this publication, other than those clearly in the public domain, are fictitious and any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. ‘Umbrella’: Written by Terius Nash, Christopher ‘Tricky’ Stewart, Shawn Carter and Thaddis Harrell © 2007 by 2082 Music Publishing (ASCAP)/Songs of Peer, Ltd. (ASCAP)/March Ninth Music Publishing (ASCAP)/Carter Boys Music (ASCAP)/EMI Music Publishing Ltd (PRS)/Sony/ATV Music Publishing (PRS). All rights on behalf of WB Music Corp. and 2082 Music Publishing Administered by Warner/Chappell North America Ltd. All Rights on behalf of March Ninth...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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