...Haylea Hubacz Ms. Pouliot AP Biology Due- May 21, 2012 The Use of Discarded Human Fetuses for Research Despite religious views using discarded human fetuses for research is ethical, instead of simply disposing the aborted fetus there is the chance of finding a cure and changing millions of lives. Fetal research is exploration of fetal tissues. In this paper aborted fetuses will be the topic of discussion. “Fetal tissue research involves cells from dead fetuses that are harvested for the purpose of establishing cell lines or for use as transplantation material and other purposes.” (1).This type of research has led to the discovery of many different things, including: vaccines, diagnostic techniques, and treatment of maternal hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. There are many types of research that use human fetuses. First is general fetal research. General fetal research is used to develop vaccines and to study characteristics of human development. Fetal tissue research is “research involving transplantation of multipotent cells” (2). Fetal tissue research is being used to develop potential treatments for conditions, such as diabetes and Parkinson’s disease. Lastly in vitro research is being conducted. This is being used to understand and develop treatments for infertility. Research involving human fetuses is very controversial. Religious beliefs oppose the idea of this kind of research. Extraordinary results are coming from the studies being done, but views...
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...Preventing a Brave New World Derek Brown Grantham University Abstract This paper wills discuss Leon Kass's conclusion that reproductive and therapeutic cloning of human embryos is unethical. It will also converse the steps in Kass's argument for his conclusion and will talk about the strengths and weaknesses of this argument? Preventing a Brave New World You ever see the mover Jurassic Park? Did you take notice the basis of the of is about cloning dinosaurs DNA; I know for one, the world is not ready for dinosaurs to walk free about the earth again. This also brings to mind a movie titled "The Boys from Brazil". This movie too depicts cloning, where the DNA of Hitler is used to clone babies with intent of one them again reigning over Germany; the world wouldn't be ready for another holocaust. To continue heading down in which cloning is the standard, then these types of cloning are a definite likelihood. Would you be ready for a "brave new world?" Or would you try to "prevent a brave new world?" You decided! Would it be so bad to have a world were all is good, no disease, famine, or illness; everyone is the epitome of their father and mother eyes and all those living in a world where cloning the norm. There are those in the here and now who see cloning, in all it facets, as a good and wonderful thing, to be done by all, if your hearts so desires. "Some among us are delighted, of course by the this state of affairs: some scientist and biotechnologist...
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...Stem cell research and therapy Stephanie Reeves Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on August 3, 2014, for Ellen Doyles’ Human Biology course. Stem cell research and therapy Stem cell research has great significance for medical use. They have the ability to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They can also serve as a repair system to many tissues, by dividing without limitation to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. Stem cells are the body’s raw materials. Stem cell research has created quite the controversy and has been a topic of debate for over a decade. There are 3 types of stem cells that are currently being used in stem cell research and therapies; Embryotic, Adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells. There are a few characteristics that differ between these types of stem cells Embryotic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent, and can be grown relatively easy in culture. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue origin, and are rare in mature tissues which makes it difficult to isolate these cells in adult tissue, and methods to expand their numbers in cell culture has not been worked out as of today. Induced pluripotent stem cells are adult cells that have been genetically altered to have properties of embryonic stem cells. ...
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...Bioethics Ramona (Campbell) Haggard Bioethics, by definition, is the ethics of medical and biological research. There are a number of bioethical issues that are being carefully addressed as they arise. Some are easily remedied and some still remain very controversial. In this paper we will explore the use of genetic trait testing, access to genetic information as well as the issue of vaccinating or not. With regards to bioethical related data the accessing, storing, gathering, and sharing medical data for the purpose of using the data for the scientific purpose of research is still a controversial issue in the scientific community. There is no basic problem with sharing medical data electronically, with the implementation of EHR, electronic health records. However, there is yet to be formal ethical guidelines established for the use of this data in the biological sciences community. There have been guidelines introduced for developing ethical principles with the ultimate goal of winning over the scientific community to incorporate the use of this data into their existing code of ethics. The scientific community has an obligation to share this data, if permitted by the patient, for research purposes. It also can be a major factor that could increase the trust of the public with regards to scientific research. Society also had concerns about employers having access to genetic information. (Duke & Porter, 2013) With the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of...
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...and Sexuality……………………………………………………….. References………………………………………………………………………………….. Abstract Sexuality and gender identify are two separate terms but they relate to each other very much. Sexuality is anything that relates to sex. It includes birth control, abortion, our bodies, our gender and gender identity. Understanding how teens think about their sexuality helps us understand what they are going though as young adults. Gender Identity has changed in the last ten year. What is gender identity? It is the way we look at ourselves or how other people look at us. Some teens may be confused of what their sexual orientation is. And what is a counselor’s role to helping them out. Some teen may be unsure of their gender identity, if they are supposed to feel a certain way to the opposite sex or the same sex. Is TV and media persuading them that they have to be a certain way? In this paper I will tie to the two together. First a person has to be aware of their sexuality. Sex and Gender will also be explained. Even though they are the same they can be defined very different. Culture also plays a major part in sexuality, cultures such as Asians, Blacks, Whites and Latinos. Each culture handles sexuality different. Research includes exploring that many avenues of each culture. Introduction Human being are divers in many different ways, race, ethnicity, language, culture, gender, socioeconomic class, age, sexual orientation, religion, ablism, and disability, are just to name a...
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...Stem Cell Research Sarah-Renee Keller So far, stem cell research had been a topic of great debate and will continue to be. This is mainly for moral or religious reasons. Stem cell research, though hotly debated, could possibly change or save millions of lives. This is why I believe Stem Cell Research should be continued. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Also, while the moralities of others should be considered and respected as much as possible, it shouldn't take precedence when the benefits of stem cell therapies have the potential to be so many. Definition of stem cells Stem cells are cells with the ability to divide many times and can eventually develop into many different tissues that perform specific functions. The two types of stem cells are embryonic and adult (or somatic) stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are obtained from embryos, most of which are left over attempts from in-vitro fertilization. They are then placed in a culture dish in the hope that they will continue to multiply and not differentiate. Somatic stem cells are cells acquired from adults in tissues that need to generate more cells to maintain themselves and function (such as bone marrow). Scientists typically have much more difficulty trying to generate adult stem cells in cultures than embryonic stem cells. Stem cells can be totipotent, pluripotent, or multipotent. Totipotent cells are the most useful, because they can become any cell or tissue type. The middle ground between...
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... Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. The issue of stem cell research is politically charged, prompting biologists to begin engaging in ethical debates, Stem cell research offers great promise for understanding basic mechanisms of human development and differentiation, as well as the hope for new treatments. However, human stem cell research also raises sharp ethical and political controversies. This paper will discuss the types of stem cells as well as some of the controversies involved in stem cell research. Introduction According to Wikipedia, stem cell can be defined as “biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells.” A stem cell could be regarded as one of the basic building blocks of the human body. Stem cells are important because they have the ability to become different cell types, and scientists are working on developing ways to use stem cells to repair or regenerate damaged organs or tissues. This could lead to therapies for a whole range of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's, although at present it is impossible to tell whether this will happen within a few years or even within our lifetimes. Furthermore, Scientists also say that by studying stem cells they will learn more about reproductive and cell biology and can also use this knowledge for drugs testing and development...
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...Simran Mann Negative Opinion Paper Biology 3000 Harvesting Embryonic Stem Cells Harvesting embryonic stem cells can be an argumentative topic with differing opinions. I believe by researching and experimenting on embryonic stem cells, the results can be beneficial to society through medical treatments. I believe this research will benefit medical science into further advancement. The human body contains more than 220 differentiation cell types that are acquired from a collection of cells that are referred to as embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, these cells originate from an embryo, within the inner cell mass of a blastocyst that is known to be five days old. Moreover, these cells are classified to be pluripotent, which can individualize inside any three layers of the germ. Thus, embryonic stem cells are able to reform relatively any part of the human body. In addition, these cells are capable of cloning endlessly. As a result, these cells can benefit in medicine for both regenerative medicine and medical research. Regenerative therapy is the process of reconstruction or substitution of new tissue developed with the supervision of embryonic stem cells caused by obscured and impaired tissue from a disease or injury. Therefore, when the stem cells are injected into the patient’s body, those cells locate to the injured area and begin to diffuse and expand by renewing the injured cells; thus, recovering the bodily functions in that area. A few of the illnesses that can be...
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...Abstract The topic covered in this research paper is abortion. This paper looks into the history of abortion, the pro-life view of abortion and the pro-choice view of abortion. Under history of abortion the information included is the time line of significant events of abortion such as becoming legal, also different ways in ancient times women would try to use abortions. The upgrading of technology making abortion safer and even if abortion was illegal women would still find a way to abort a baby are also covered under the history of abortion. Under pro-life choice for abortion looks into abortion murder, the rights of human and the rights of the unborn and that a women doesn't have a right to terminate her own fetus. Under pro- choice is the women's rights, and the rights to the women and also how abortion isn't murder due to the fact that fetuses cannot feel pain and how a women has a right to her own body and whether or not she decides she wants to carry a pregnancy to term. Pro-life people claim that abortion is an escape for people who are not responsible and don’t want to suffer the consequences of their actions. As a matter of fact, legal abortion will reduce morality and dignity of men and women in society according to some (Emmens 34-35). Doris Gordon, coordinator of Libertarians For Life, opposes abortion in her viewpoint, “Unborn children don’t cause women to become pregnant, but parents cause their children to be the womb, and as a result, they need...
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...Week 5: Confidentiality and Bioethical Issues (Nov 20 - Nov 27) Welcome to Week 5! This week, we discuss issues related to bioethics. Since the time of Hippocrates, “First Do No Harm” has been the medical mandate. It is the basic concept that drives all of the codes of ethics for the health professions. The concept is one of the first you learn in school. From this comes the duty to make ethical decisions “in the best interest of the patient.” While all medical professionals would agree that this is the goal, not all would agree on exactly what IS the best interest of the patient in a given situation. Healthcare workers—and specifically physicians—work hard to save lives. Many times, death is seen as a medical failure. Health professionals go to great lengths to preserve life with the assumption that saving the life—at all costs—is in the best interest of all patients. In the past, if that left the patient paralyzed or in a vegetative coma, it was still success - they were alive. Today, this assumption is being reconsidered as patients themselves demand to decide for themselves what is in their own best interest. Of particular interest is Oregon law which states, "an adult who is capable and has been determined by the attending doctor to be suffering from a terminal disease, and who has voluntarily expressed his or her wish to die, may make a written request for medication for the purpose of ending his or her life in a humane and dignified manner." In short, the patient can...
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...Stem Cell Research in Human Transplantation [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Abstract Skeletal Bone Marrow that is decimated by disease, chemo, or radioactive emission can be refurbished by utilizing stem cell transplants. For certain infectious ailments like leukemia, aplastic anemia, certain inherited body-fluid infections, and some infections of the immune cell, and the stem cells in the skeletal bone marrow do not effectively function the way that it is intended to function. The stem cell is subjected to immunity issues where the recipient body site does not accept the donor cells. This paper will look to enquire the benefits to following stem cell research in human transplantation. Stem Cell Research Introduction Unique functional cells such as for example, a red blood cell start out originally as unspecialized cells known as stem cells. These stem cells have the uncanny ability to keep separating through division and multiplying in culture to produce specialized cell for a specific bodily function. In the context of normal human development, they are best described for their diversity, adaptability and longevity. As the laws of biology dictate, a human being is formed when a sperm cell fertilizing a female egg cell to produce a zygote. The zygote is already specialized in the fact that it is on the way to the formation of a whole individual. Furthermore the zygote, also known as the fertilized egg is tot potent that simply...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT NAME : LIMPO NAMAKAU COMPUTER NO : 11053909 COURSE : CVE 3020 LECTURER : MR. CHIDONGO PHIRI TASK : ASSIGNMENT (1) ONE LENGTH : BETWEEN 12 and 30 TYPED PAGES DUE DATE : 30th JANUARY, 2014. QUESTION : Critically discuss how the study of Public Legal Education would help school managers analyse the following; i). Public Nuisance ii). Negligence of girl child iii). Abortion Practices iv). Examination Malpractice Without rules and regulations, society would be impossible to have because freedom without boundaries results in anarchy which means total confusion. From birth, human beings’ lives, safety, health and peace are controlled by law. It is for this reason that this piece of work seeks to critically discuss how the study of public legal education would help school managers analyze public nuisance, negligence of the girl child, abortion practices and examination malpractices. According to Johari (1989), law is a set of rules which society develops for itself to control the behaviours of its members towards one another. Migel et al (2005) defines public as something that is not owned privately but in common, while legal is a word used to refer to issues, things, activities or information to do with how or what the law requires (Cooper, 1978). For a rule to be recognized as a law there should be a way of compelling people to obey it and this is done...
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...Biology guide First assessment 2016 Biology guide First assessment 2016 Diploma Programme Biology guide Published February 2014 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted...
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...Chapter 1: Ethical Theory Meta-ethical positions include: * Ethical non-cognitivism (concept that ethics is a matter of feelings) * Ethical relativism (concept that ethics is relative to a particular point of view) * Ethical objectivism (notion that ethics is objective in nature). Meta-Ethical Positions Ethical Non-cognitivism The basis of ethical non-cognitivism is that ethical disagreement can be a highly emotional affair where no amount of reasoning is likely to convince the other party. * Example: “Let’s just agree to disagree” Ethical Relativism * Ethical relativism says that while ethical statements are cognitively meaningful, they do not hold in any objective sense because they depend on our point of view. * If we accept ethical relativism, then ethical disagreement among people who do not share the same perspective becomes impossible. * It assumes that if people agree on something, then it must be true. * Ethical relativism is suspect for a pragmatic reason: it is fundamentally at variance with our social practice. * Example: “To each his own”, or the belief that what’s right for one group isn’t necessarily right for another Ethical Objectivism * Ethical objectivism holds that right and wrong are objective phenomena. * Example: “I’m right and you’re wrong” What is Ethics? * As a discipline, ethics is a branch of philosophy. * It deals with questions of right and wrong conduct, and with what we ought to do and what...
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...STEM CELL RESEARCH AND THERAPYAND ITS IMPACTS ON SOCIETY Abstract There are several types of stem cells being used in stem cell research and therapy today. They are embryonic, adult and induced pluripotent stem cells. Each will be discussed further. This topic has stirred much moral, ethical and political debate as whether cells from fetuses should be used in this research. This impacts governmental policies on laws and funding. Another issue that must be analyzed is the economics and who should have access to this treatment. The views of people and government on this research differ greatly across the world. There are countries that have very strict laws restricting this research while others take an extremely liberal stance. Stem Cell Research and Therapy and Its Impacts on Society Introduction Stem cells are the basic unit of life that gives rise to all living things. They are the undifferentiated cells that transform into the specialized cells that make up all of the tissues in organisms. With further research and understating, these cells can be used in medicine to cure a wide range of diseases. The most important type of stem cell to humans is the pluripotent stem cell which is usually obtained from human embryos. This has sparked controversy in many aspects of human life. In this paper, we will concentrate on animal and human stem cell research, and its impact on society. A Brief Description Of The Technology And An Explanation Of The Associated...
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