...Culture are interlinked, thus sociology defines society as two or more people who interact in such a manner as to share a common culture. Therefore culture is seen as a vital factor of sociology. Culture can be defined as common beliefs, behavior, objectives or characteristics formed within a group of people or society. People tend to define themselves with to a particular culture. In other words culture is a common set norms formed within a group of the society or a society to which people identify themselves to. This essay aims to explain in which ways culture is transmitted within the society and the effects this may have on individual members of a society. The essay will look at concepts of culture in terms of mass and folk culture. Furthermore it will take into consideration age, gender, social class and ethnicity, which will help to understand the interrelationship between self, identity and socialization. To understand culture in modern world better, the essay will aim to analyze the link between cultural consumption and identity in the modern society. Main body: According to Linton (1945) culture of a society is the way of life of its members; a collection of ideas and thoughts, which they learn and practiced. This is shared from one generation to another. There are different types of cultures for example high culture and low culture or popular culture. Popular culture or low culture is persuade by middle class people or working class people, whereas high culture is...
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...the news to their parents might be even greater, and finding help may seem an impossible task. People might think that they can help others, or one might be too embarrassed to search for help. For the most part, when one sees teenagers raising children, we often think that the teen has been raped or is too mature for their age. For this reason, some totally miss the issues that one must have been exposed to in their society, the society of their home, community, school. There are many viewpoints as to why teenage females are having so many children out of wedlock. However, the facts are obvious—teenaged females are highly influenced by many social issues, but those with the lack of strong parental guidance, sex education, and positive mass media are more likely to have a premarital pregnancy. As one travels the globe, they will find that industrialized and developing countries have distinctly different rates of teenage pregnancy. In the online article, “Teen Pregnancy on the Rise,” Sipokazi Maposa says that in developed countries, teenage pregnancies are associated with many social issues: lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and no strong parental guidance in the teenagers life. Maposa discusses the challenges which teens in Africa face as the teenage pregnancy rate increase. She contributes a wealth of information as to why teens have children at such a young age. Maposa suggests that...
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...Socialization is a process whereby individuals are made aware of behaviours that are expected of them with regards to the norms, beliefs, attitudes, and values of the society in which they live. There are several agencies of socialisation including peers, family, workplace, mass media but is peers the most important agency of socialisation? This essay aims to evaluate this claim. A Peer group is a very important social group. This is a primary agency of socialization. They are those who share a similar social position to you in terms of age, lifestyle, status or job. These are people you are regularly with. In course of a child’s growth, he/she is motivated to be with the friends of his age. It is mainly remarked from teen ages to adulthood. The socialization that takes place with peers is different from those of the family and school. Similar tastes, likes, dislikes and ideas influence of the creation of such groups e.g. those who are into the same sports or the same type of music form into friendship groups. Young people are most influenced by their peers. They feel most comfortable to be around them as they share similarities concluding to them being open with each other. Peer groups play a very big part of socialization because the teenage period of someone’s life is when they start to change and think differently and most of these things they experience together. They discuss certain issues, problems and matters which cannot be discussed with their adults in the family or...
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...Over the past two or three centuries we had seen innovations, inventions and developments all around the world and almost in all fields of life which we are experiencing currently. Journalism and media are also one of those fields which came into existence, progressed with the passage of time and then proved their worth and importance for any nation and its common man’s life. Both of these fields were not as exciting, couple of centuries ago, as they are now because at that time they possessed a different meaning and ideology. The history of journalism and media varies from one part of the world to the others and this essay is only focussed on such history in the subcontinent. Beginning in the Subcontinent In the sub-continent, journalism started with preliminary handwritten news sheets, prepared by government news-writers during the Muslim rule. They were written, dated, appeared at regular and frequent intervals. Such news sheets provided the rulers with information from all corners of the empire, regarding public occurrences, current-events, mischief in societies and hardships faced by the people. From this information, the rulers used to take decisions and plan initiatives to uphold good governance. In short, the early hand-written sheets proved effective social mobilization vehicle to hold peace and contentment in the empires. The legendary Mughal emperors enhanced and strengthened it to the superior degree of excellence. News-writers or stringers were assigned...
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...‘Assess’ Essay Planning Sheet Name: Essay Title: Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of changes in the status of childhood (24 marks) | Underline or highlight the key concepts, terms and instructions, by identifying these key elements it will allow you to focus on answering the question. It is important to use relevant sociological terminology within the context of you essay. List the key sociological terms that will be appropriate for this essay. Privileged time, social construct, golden age, separateness, toxic childhood, child-centred, march of progress, conflict view, child liberationists, globalisation, information hierarchy | IntroductionSignpost to the question and clearly explain the key concepts /terms of the question | In today’s society, childhood is seen to be socially constructed in that this idea of childhood has been created by society and its institutions rather than being a natural occurrence; it is society’s perception of what childhood is. Sociologists argue that childhood and the position that children have in society is not fixed, and that it differs between times, places, and cultures. However, children all have different experiences of what childhood is to them based on class, gender, and ethnicity so no one would experience childhood in the same way. | Paragraph 1PointThe point must be appropriate in answering the question. | The modern western...
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...as a ‘Rendezvous’ discipline; discuss the meaning and validity of this label The purpose of this essay is to discuss the meaning and validity of the label criminology has as a ‘rendezvous discipline’. To do this, this essay illuminates where criminology originates from and what its primary focus is. The Chicago School, Lombrosian Theory, Positivist and Classical criminology, are discussed. Other disciplines namely Sociology, Psychology, and the Criminal Justice Sector are examined and applied to the broad subject of criminology, to show the network of how this subject came to be recognised as such a discipline. Exposed are main issues that occur for the likes of criminologists and other social scientists when challenged with defining criminology; and the problems that definition’s carry with themselves. This essay will look in to the birth of criminology as a new discipline and how it has evolved in what it is known today as an applied social science. Explanation of what an ‘applied social science’ will be detailed and collectively the answer to the meaning and validity of the label of ‘rendezvous discipline’ will be provided. Topics that criminology is weaved into for instance are Globalisation, Capital Punishment, Serial Killing, Media, and Genocide. Used to demonstrate the importance that this discipline provides, in a range of contexts Media is the focus later in the essay. Criminology can be studied on its own as a subject, and also applied and used in determining why...
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...roles they learn. From a functionalist perspective deviant behaviour can to a large extent be explained in terms of inadequate socialisation. Though Marxists give a slightly differently explanation, they see little difference between culture and ideology. It is really the values and interests of ruling class which are transmitted as culture. Marxist analyse the agencies of socialisation in capitalist societies not just family but schools, mass media and political institutions. Bowles and Gintis emphasise the importance of schools transmitting the Hidden Curriculum. The values that are transmitted are capitalist values, acceptance of authority structures and competition. Similarly the mass media is seen as tool of the capitalist class transmitting materialistic values to passive consumers. Feminists such as Ann Oakley views patriarchal culture that is transmitted by the family, the key agency of primary socialisation. From the very first day they are born children are steered into socially accepted gender stereotypes. The media plays important role in gender socialisation because its...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BIBLICAL WORLDVIEW ESSAY BIBLICAL WORLDVIEW ESSAY DR. BRYAN RAY SCHOOL OF CHRISTIAN MINISTRIES BY BIBL 110 MARCH 9, 2015 BIBLICAL WORLD VIEW ESSAY Introduction / Thesis The apostle Paul’s first eight chapters of Romans was invaluable to the Romans back in AD 56 -57 and Christians today. It provide us with a foundational building blocks to analyze the biblical and Christian worldview of the past and present. Paul’s teachings of such worldview are profound in the daily application to a natural world, human identity, human relations, and culture. Furthermore, the study of these first eight chapters has greatly impacted my current worldview, and God’s plan for us as individuals and as a nation. The Natural World A biblical worldview of the natural world dates back to the begging. God created man in his image, and likeness. He gave Adam authority over the earth, and free wheel to make decisions, Gen. 1: 26-27. God created women so men shall leave his father and mother to become one flesh, Gen. 2: 24. Today, non-Christians and “Christians” challenge God’s commandments and his natural order. God as the creator of the natural world, humans have chosen to satisfy the needs of the flesh over Paul’s teachings of becoming a slave of Jesus Christ. For unbelievers it is easier to challenge the non-existence of God, in order to continue their sinful behavior without any moral consequences. Human Identity Paul said in Romans...
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...4/14/2015 Essay on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Clean India Mission Essay Search Home Festivals Events Social Issues ► Hindi Essay ► Rural India ► It in India Essay Speech Quotes Rhymes ► Tree India Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay Essay on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness campaign run by the government of India and initiated by the Honourable Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It is a most important topic which our kids and students must know and be aware of this mission. It is a general topic which students are generally given in their schools to write or say something on Swachh Bharat or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. We have provided below some simply written essays on this topic in order to make your kids gets participated in the essay writing competition or competitions. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Essay 1 (100 words) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is also called as the Clean India Mission or Clean India drive or Swachh Bharat Campaign. It is a national level campaign run by the Indian Government to cover all the backward statutory towns to make them clean. This campaign involves the construction of latrines, promoting sanitation programmes in the rural areas, cleaning streets, roads and changing the infrastructure of the country to lead the country ahead. This campaign was th officially launched by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi on 145 birth anniversary of the Mahatma nd Gandhi on 2 of October...
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...has been radically transformed by new mass media. Within one generation, the Internet has grown from a nascent technology into a tool that facilitates the phenomenon of the public sphere by transforming how people, businesses, and governments communicate and engage. It has also generated changes in society by connecting individuals and communities, providing access to information and education, and promoting greater transparency. In this essay, I will elaborate on the extent on which the Internet can be characterized as a ‘public sphere’ and the consequent effects on corporate communication. The concept of the ‘public sphere’ “The public sphere is an indispensable element of a democratic society and the institutional core of democratic decision-making. (...) based on the idea that citizens participate in collectively binding decisions, articulate their interests and opinions openly, listen and evaluate the opinions and arguments of others, and, on that basis, make up their minds. The public sphere establishes an arena of discussion on public affairs and guarantees that all these processes are open to the public.”1 The concept of the public sphere has developed over the past centuries due to social, cultural, economical and political changes into a more dispersed structure than it was in the 19th and 20th centuries. The intellectual architect of the concept, Jürgen Habermas2, was initially highly critical of large-scale commercial mass media intervening into the public sphere....
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...PSYC 2020 Student Number: 782793 Submission date: 05/05/2015 Assignment Topic: In South Africa, teenage pregnancy is on rise as a result of how these teenagers make sense of their sexuality. In South African adolescent marks the transition from childhood to adulthood, which in some instances is filled with a period of opportunities, challenges, changes, skills, pressures and physical, cognitive and psychosocial development. Teenagers are faced with an immense amount of peer pressure, physiological and emotional changes, sexual experimentation that increases the risk of pregnancy or sexually transmitted disease. While many teenagers may engage in pre-marital sex some never become pregnant. Teenage pregnancy has become all too common in this day and age. Some teenagers think it will not happen to them and do not use necessary precautions to protect themselves against pregnancy. There are several causes for teen pregnancy and the effects can be life changing. Research done has indicated that there is not one single cause to teenage pregnancy, but there are whole host of causes to this pandemic. Factors that can contribute to the number of teenagers who fall pregnant are for example, gender power imbalances (associated with significantly older partners in particular), early sexual debut, barriers to contraceptive use (seldom used at sexual initiation), and misinformation on sexual health matters. Pregnancy at a very young age may result in pregnancy complications that...
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...1945 Marvin Frohock March 5, 2008 The Seventies and Nixon’s Legacy “Streaking to the 1970s” was a phrase a group of former high school students made up as they reminisced about the butt dancing, cheek planters, also known as the BBITNs (pronounced BEE-bittens), which meant buffalo buffs in the nude who dashed brazenly, almost daringly across a playing field, the heart of a school campus, and even across a television screen during a major award ceremony. Such was the decade that preceded the conformity and complacency of the 1950s, and the sexual revolution and cultural renaissance that echoed during the 1960s. The decade of the 1970s ushered in the resignation of a president, the ending of a major Southeast Asian conflict, and the birth of two new forms of youth culture identity – streaking and disco. The 1970s began with the Beatles releasing Let It Be, which would be their last album, the Kent State shooting involving the death of the four students, the conviction of Charles Mansion for the murder of actress Sharon Tate, and the conviction of American soldiers for killing entire towns of Vietnamese villagers. This action marked the beginning of the end for America’s support of the American soldier. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War lasted between 1959 and 1975, ending with the fall of Saigon. This war or police action as some Americans referred to the `war would cost the American taxpayer billions of dollars and countless lives. Vietnam...
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...What is the future of printed books in the digital age? Marvin Kobek Test Essay Academia.research.com 3rd June 2014 For decades, printed books have been the undoubted medium in which people expressed their thoughts, stored information, transferred knowledge and codified laws. This method of communication dates back 500 years. Before the coming up of the digital age, printed books have been the only source of material available for citizens seeking to access any recorded information, students studying for exams or even for the religion searching for the scriptures[1]. Printed books were the only source of mass media. However, this dependency on printed books has changed. There has been an alteration in the reliance of printed books by the advent of the digital age. Applications such as kindles, internet, and Ipad affect the regularity of use of the printed books. Today, practically every phase of man’s activity is influenced or captured by automation. The variations and the far reaching effect have calls to enquire about the future of printed books in the digital age. The digital age has the birth of technologies that impact the way people organize things. A good example is in the in the music division. People are composing a sound without the usual pianos or guitars but over the means of a device called electronic mixer[2]. When it comes to press, there is the publication...
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...reservations regarding the theories of communication underpinning mass communications research. It worked on the assumption that the ‘media offered an unproblematic, benign reflection of society’ (Proctor, 58). Mass communications research became prevalent after the Second World War and was funded by commercial bodies with a desire to know how audiences could be influenced more effectively through advertising. According to the mass communications model, the sender (mass media) generates a message with fixed meaning, which is then communicated directly and transparently to the recipient (audience). Hall’s paper challenged all three components of the mass communications model ; arguing that – (i) the message is never transparent to the audience (ii) meaning is not simply fixed or determined by the sender; and (iii) the audience is not a passive recipient of the meaning. Hall’s encoding/decoding theory focuses on the different ways audiences generate (rather than discover) meaning. Hall’s theory re-addressed the themes of the Uses and Gratifications theory : examining audience power over the media, rather then the media’s effects on the audience (Katz: 1959). Such theoretical study later concluded that audiences use the media to fulfil their own needs and gratifications (Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M.: 1974). Hall's model focuses on groups rather then the individual, which is more useful when looking at mass communications dominance due to broad issues such as social...
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...MASCULINITY: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF A VISUAL ARTIFACT Visual Culture Essay 2 Module 2 Wessel Viljoen 090029 Genieve Eloff Thursday 14h00 Word Count = 860 TABLE OF CONTENT Pages LIST OF FIGURES…………….....……………………………………………iii 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 What is Musculinism…………………………..………………………..1 1.2 Branded Masculinity…………………………………………………….1 2. MASCULINISM AND ADVERTISING………………………………………...2 3. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..3 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………...4 LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig 1 Old Spice, The Man Your Man Could Smell Like, 2010. ………………….2 INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is masculinism? Masculinity is a word that describes an idea generated by the media of what it entails to be a man. According to Cohen(2001:5) “a gender is formed by shared beliefs or models of gender that majority of society accepts as appropriate”. Gender ideals are socially constructed in specific historical and cultural context and changes over time and location. As identified by Brannon (1976) being a hegemonic masculine male entails four main themes: (i) No Sissy Stuff: men must never resemble women or display stereotypical characteristics of a woman. Kimmel (2001:35) suggests that “Homophobia is a centralised principle of our cultural definition of manhood.” (ii) The Big Wheel: the ability of real men to obtain wealth, fame, success and status. Typically determined by occupation. (iii) The Sturdy Oak: manliness...
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