...each word being synchronized every few seconds with another machine likely hundreds of miles away. Even between sentences as I compose this text, I respond to messages from a friend in Egypt. This is my life. None of this would be possible before the modern era. Most aspects of my upbringing were rather heavily influenced, at least indirectly, by my time period. The dawn of widespread internet access, among the most significant advancements in recent history, aligned with my youth and formative years. Access to the World Wide Web has allowed for my exposure to ideas and opinions far different from those of my family and local friends, the some of the sort of exposure one might expect otherwise to have in attending a university. Bone Black focuses on bell hooks’s formative years, and, as in my case, the historical period in which she matured was highly significant. The Civil Rights Era had just begun at the time of her birth, and her early experiences include the well-known National Guard-facilitated school integration attempts and interactions with white people, ranging from a dinner invitation with an ulterior motive of proving the hosts’ non-racism, to a white man driving naked down the streets of her neighborhood, at no risk of penalty. Each of these contributed to her overall impression of the white community, for which she felt some contempt, as evidenced by her sentiment toward her treatment in the school by most white teachers and administrators. This was, however...
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...Lab 41117 Exercise 8 November 15, 2012 1. Discuss (compare) how the bones of the axial skeleton and the anatomy of the limbs contribute to efficient locomotion in this animal. Green- Humerus Purple-Pelvis Yellow- Carpals Blue- Metacarpal Brown- Phalanges Dark Pink-Tarsals Light Green- Metatarsals Light Pink- Ulna Green/Yellow- Radius Red- Calcaneus Black Fibula Grey- Tibia Reddish Brown- Patella Orange- Femur * (Human) There are a variety of ways in which the axial skeleton and anatomy of the limbs contribute to efficient locomotion human. In human and any other mammal, it is important that we all have a skeleton. The skeleton is important because attached to it are many bones needed for body movement. The carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges (finger) are attached to one another. These bones are used to help human grip, lift, write, etc. The humerus, ulna, radius are arm bones that allows us lift things and make other movements. Because there are lots of muscles in the arm and the arm is part of the upper limb and should, we use a lot of strength when lifting heavy things. The femur, patella, tibia and fibula are all bones that are located in the legs. Of course, without these bones we would not be able to drive, walk, and exercise. Last but not least, the tarsals, metatarsals, calcaneus and phalanges (toes) are bones located in the feet. Because we are bipedal, these bones allow us to be able to stand up right and walk in different directions. ...
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...Introduction: November 1st, 2014 at Holden park located on the Southside of Chicago. An 8-year old boy, playing in the sand found several bones under the sand while playing in the sandbox. He brought the bones up to his parents thinking he found “treasure” however, the parents were more alert and scared about the findings. A Femur, and Humerus were found. By the time police were called, two other bones were found, a pelvis and the skull of the deceased. The bones underwent a full examination to determine who the victim's bones belonged to, using a caliper and rulers and a protractor to examine each bone. Summary of Findings: Furthermore, the victim was determined to be a male, the pelvis indicated a heart shape, displaying the sacrum and coccyx, a female would display a more circular and wide pelvis frame....
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...artificial parts (prostheses). Two parts may be used to replace this joint: The humeral component replaces the head of the upper arm bone (humerus). This is a rounded ball that is attached to a stem that fits into the humerus. The glenoid component replaces the socket (glenoid depression). The prostheses are usually made of metal and plastic. Depending on the damage to your shoulder, the surgeon may replace just the humeral head (hemiarthroplasty) or both the humeral head and the glenoid (total shoulder replacement). The surrounding muscles and tendons hold the prosthetic parts in place. This procedure may be done to relieve joint pain, treat...
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...abnormal white blood cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner. they interfere with the production of normal white blood cells. Leukemia affects the production of red blood cells. Bursitis Bursitis is a disorder that causes pain in the body's joints. It most commonly affects the shoulder and hip joints. It is caused by an inflammation of the bursa, small fluid-filled bags that act as lubricating surfaces for muscles to move over bones. This inflammation usually results from overactivity of an arm or leg. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue. In osteoporosis, the cancellous bone loses calcium, becomes thinner, and may disappear altogether. Sprains A sprain is an injury to a ligament or to the tissue that covers a joint. Most sprains result from a sudden wrench that stretches or tears the tissues of the ligaments. A sprain is usually extremely painful. The injured part often swells and turns black and blue. Fractures A fracture is a broken bone. These are some common kinds of fractures: - closed, open, multiple, comminuted, greenstick and spiral Spina bifida Spina bifida is a spinal defect that is present at birth. In spina bifida, the spinal cord does not form properly and the vertebrae and skin cannot form around it. Spina bifida results from an error in the development of the embryo that occurs about a month after a woman becomes pregnant. This error may...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Zoology Concept of Science • Frings and Frings - defined science as an organized body of knowledge that is gained and verified by exact observation and experimentation and organized by logical thinking. • Schafersman - defined science as a method of discovering reliable knowledge about nature. • Science is factual. • Science is not merely compiled. • Science is a way of asking questions about the natural world. • Guided by natural laws (physical & chemical). • Questions must be testable. Always open to new evidence. • Falsifiable. • It applies scientific and CRITICAL THINKING. When is scientific thinking applied? 1. When one uses the scientific method 2. When one investigate nature or the universe 3. Practice by all scientists 4. Not reserved solely for scientist, anyone can think like a scientist Fields of Science 1. Social Science – deals with human relationships 2. Abstract science – deals with abstract ideas 3. Natural sciences • Physical Science – deals with non-living entity • Biological Science – deals with the living entity The Scientific Method - The most important tool in search for truth - An organized method of gathering information based on observation and controlled testing of hypothesis 1. Observation and/or Review of Literature 2. Problem 3. Hypothesis Formulation 4. Testing of hypothesis 5. Conclusions or generalizations Theory Scientific fact/principle/law Theory – is...
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...Dog preschool lesson plans. Arts and crafts, games, math, science, group time activities, songs and snack ideas. Amazon.com Offers: Books to Read: Walter, the Farting Dog Dog Heaven Sheetzucacapoo Farting Fred & The Dog Show Where's Spot? Good Dog, Carl The Pokey Little Puppy Good Night Blue Go, Dog. Go! Touch and Feel - puppy Clifford The Big Red Dog Theme Books: ***Creative Resources for the Early Childhood Classroom *** The GIANT Encyclopedia of Theme The Weekly Curriculum Book Theme Kits Made Easy Themes Teachers Use Totline Alphabet Theme-A-Saurus ~ Kindergarten Themes Teaching Young Children Using Themes... Dog Themed Toys: Toddlerz Toddlin' Tunes Puppy Barking Dogs Family K9 Unit Playset Brenda Blue, Brenda's Mother and Kin... Baby Pets Jum Bo Knob - puzzle CarePlay Riding Puppy - ride on toy Jack The Dog Tin Jack In The Box Art Torn Paper Dogs Supply the children with a full sheet of white paper and half sheet of brown paper. Ask them to make a dog by tearing pieces of the brown paper and gluing them onto the white paper. Small amounts of other colored paper may be used. Dog Ear Headbands Have the children cut out two strips of paper that when connected will fit around their head. Connect the strips with glue or tape, (staples will catch the child's hair). Supply the children with brown paper for ears and have them cut the paper however they want to and tape them on the outside of the headband...
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...Chapter 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue Multiple Choice 1. Important functions of the skeletal system include A) protection of the brain and soft organs. B) storage of water. C) production of Vitamin E. D) regulation of acid-base balance. E) integration of other systems. Answer: a Level: 1 2. A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n) A) aponeurosis. B) ligament. C) bursa. D) epimysium. E) tendon. Answer: e Level: 1 3. Ligaments attach A) muscle to muscle. B) bone to bone. C) muscle to bone. D) nerve to bone. E) nerve to muscle. Answer: b Level: 1 4. Chondroblasts produce A) ligaments. B) cartilage matrix. C) bone tissue. D) blood cells. E) synovial fluid. Answer: b Level: 1 5. The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is A) elastic cartilage. B) fibrocartilage. C) hyaline cartilage. D) interstitial cartilage. E) osteocartilage. Answer: c Level: 1 6. The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the A) matrix. B) chondrocyte. C) ligamentous cord. D) lacuna. E) perichondrium. Answer: e Level: 1 7. Cartilage A) is composed of osteons. B) is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum. C) contains chondrocytes located in lacunae. D) does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels. E) is well vascularized. Answer: c Level: 1 8. Proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage A) replace collagen fibers in the matrix...
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...BIO 210 Test 2 Study Guide: Chapter 4: 1. Define: Cell – basic unit of life Tissue – groups of similar cells Organ – contains 2 or more types of tissues Organ System – organs that work closely together 2. What are the common functions of: Epithelial tissue – covers and lines things – protects. Connective tissue – binds and supports – provides shape and structure. Muscle Tissue – contraction of muscles and movement. Nerve Tissue – sends signals and impulses – communication. 3. Be able to compare and contrast examples of each tissue type. Know identifying features of each tissue. EPITHELIAL TISSUE – 6 KINDS - all have free space at their apical surface. Simple squamous epithelial tissue – lung and kidney glomerulus – 1 layer of flattened sacs – very thin. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue – epidermis – multiple layers of flattened sacs. Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue – kidney tubules – 1 layer – rounded cube shaped cells. Simple Columnar epithelial tissue – digestive or GI tract – 1 layer – column shaped cells – nuclei at basal membrane. Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue – trachea lining – false multiple layers of column shaped cells – cilia (hair) – goblet cells. Transitional epithelial tissue – urinary bladder – domed shaped apical cells – looks like forks in the road. CONNECTIVE TISSUE – 11 KINDS – Areolar connective tissue – papillary region of the dermis – fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibers – looks like a spider web. ...
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...Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in high risk of fractures, is becoming increasingly prevalent with the Menopausal women (Lane.,2006). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder in the elderly, which is characterized by the breakdown of the joint’s cartilage and is a leading cause of disability , is more common among post-menopausal women. Changes in sex hormones play an important role in the OA development (Tanamas et al.,2011). c) Incontinence: Changes in the tissues of urethra and vagina may lead to sudden, strong urges to urinate along with leakage, or the loss of urine when doing something that stresses the abdomen, like coughing, laughing...
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...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
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...does not treat the immediate issue of getting a knee evaluated for total joint replacement or arthroplasty. The main causes of body breakdown are poor diet, lack of exercise and not getting treatment early enough for minor injuries, which leads to early onset of arthritis. Screening is available to assess bone loss but this test is only available with an order from a physician. Poor diet and attention to the amounts of food people are consuming is a hot topic in the media and in public schools. The volume of food consumed has risen and people waistlines have expanded as a result. Schools are changing the foods they offer and the number of calories children can eat at lunch. Removing vending machines and extra snacks from their daily choices of food is happening in schools too. There is a diet option that not many people know about that when implemented into children’s diets and an early age and continued throughout life can help with obesity that has a direct link to orthopedic health. Super foods give other nutrients the body needs in addition to calcium to maintain a healthy body. According to The Joint Pain Institute, “Generally, the best foods for healthy bones are fresh fruits and vegetables and other whole foods, organically grown. Foods...
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...Microfracture surgery is not a perfect solution to repairing torn or damage cartilage but it is the preferred method to repair knee cartilage. It has been performed on many professional athletes who have seen their careers continued on with the advancements of medicine. Microfracture is used as a surgical option for a patient who is diagnosed with damaged cartilage and is in need of treatment to correct the deformity. Microfracture is performed in an attempt to stimulate new growth by the cartilage. When it was first used, “Microfracture was originally developed for the treatment of acute traumatic cartilage defects. It is generally indicated for traumatic and degenerative focal high-grade chondral lesions of the weight-bearing femoral condyles, trochlea, patella, and tibia” (Mithoefer, K., & Steadman, R. J. (2006). The Microfracture Technique . Chestnut Hill, MA). There are many factors to assess before a decision is to be made to have microfracture surgery or not. Some of the factors to attribute to the decision but are not limited to whether a patient has limited areas of cartilage, pain or swelling caused by damage to the cartilage and patients who are active participants in sports or activities but are not limited due to their symptoms. Patients who are not active in sports or activities, unwilling to participate with rehabilitation following surgery or have widespread arthritis in joints. It is very important to ensure that a person is thoroughly evaluated and given...
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...N N 19 G I G A N T I S M Across Down 1 A hormone involved in promoting uterine lining growth 2 Produced in response to decreased blood sugar levels 4 A myofibril consisting of repeating units 3 Endocrine gland that is referred to as the “master gland” 5 Produced in response to increased blood sugar levels 4 Type of hormone that can bind to an intracellular receptor 7 A hormone involved in the “fight-or-flight” response 6 Fibrous tissue used to hold together bones at joints 9 Endocrine gland that produces sex hormones 8 Stimulates milk production 12 Stimulates contraction of uterus 10 The body’s natural painkiller 13 Another name for epinephrine 11 Produced in response to increased blood calcium levels 15 Unit of the human skeleton that is made up of the bones of the limbs, shoulders, and pelvis 14 Endocrine gland that produces hormones involved in blood sugar level regulation 17 Type of dietary hypothyroidism 16 Fibrous tissue used to hold muscle to bone 18 A disease characterized by thinning and...
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...Osteoporosis Author's Name Institutional Affiliation Osteoporosis Introduction Osteoporosis is a bone disease whereby the bone is prone to fracture. The name “osteoporosis”comes from a Greek word that means “ bone pore” (Rubenstein, et al 2007). What happens here is the bone mineral density (BMD) starts to reduce. The microarchitecture also reduces in the bone prompting the protein variety to be changed. WHO (1994) defines this condition as having a BMD of 2.5 standard deviation from the normal bone mass. Typically, there two types of osteoporosis namely: type 1 and type 2 .Type 1 osteoporosis mainly occurs in women after menopause. It is also referred to as “postmenopause osteoporosis”. Type 2 often happens after the age of 75. The latter affects men and women in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. There is also secondary osteoporosis which occurs in both men and women of all ages. This type of osteoporosis is rare as it is mostly as a result of lifestyle (Rubenstein, et al. 2007). Lifestyle change is key in the reduction of secondary osteoporosis (Calvert & Old, 2004). Diet change is essential in keeping the disease away. This entails a more healthy diet full of nutrients and loads of water. Exercise is also important but one has to keep in mind that the exercise regime has to be safe. By doing this one avoids fractures. History of Osteoporosis A biologist called Astley Cooper was the first to discover the existence of this condition. Nevertheless, Jean lobstein a...
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