...across a dark figure hunched over a termite nest. She stops to observe a big male chimpanzee actually making a tool to retrieve his food from the termite nest, just as we humans use a spoon or fork. This chimpanzee picks up a twig and strips the leaves from it and bends it to fit inside the little hole (Jane Goodall, 2010). Jane Goodall had witnessed one of the most important scientific observations ever in this chimpanzee. From a child she had always been told that humans and only humans used and made tools. She was amazed with what she had just witnessed with her own eyes, therefore doubting some information she had been told as a child. (Jane Goodall, 2010). This was the beginning of research on the human-chimpanzee relationship. There has also been a lot of research done concerning the elephant. Forty years of research has revealed the elephant also exhibit human like behavior. They communicate within their herds displaying many of the humanistic traits, expressing emotions such as flirting, anger and even some of the same parenting skills displayed in humans (Choi, 2011). The observation of the elephants from a distance, showed they display relationships similar to the human relationship They even display pain for their mate when they are in trouble. I know some people who have dogs and their dogs end up having the same type of personality as the owner. There are so many different breeds of dogs and many times people develop a misconception of the breed and feel a certain...
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...Evolution of Tool in Relation to Thinking Capability Zehua (Echo) Wang University of Lethbridge MGT 5120 & MGT 5125 Instructor: Dr. John M. Usher Dec. 12, 2011 People interact with external material world by making use of resources and producing specific products or effect. In this procedure, thinking plays a crucial role in guiding the exact behavior, and tools are the objective medium people make use of. “Tool use” is a signal which distinguishes humanity from animal species. The capability of making and using tool facilitates human’s thinking ability. The more diverse tools are used the more open thinking become. Evolution of tools describes how people’s thinking is changed by tool use, and how thinking becomes increasingly complex and systematic. Tool evolved from tangible tools, for example hammer, rope, bottle, to intangible tools, like academic theories, thinking techniques, and etc. Between these two extreme pole, there are some medium segments exist, such as Internet and other kind of technology. Tools improve productivity, they help people to expand in spaces and gain creativity, but some specific tools might constrain people’s thinking, and become an obstacle which rejects progress of thinking. Purpose of writing this paper is to illustrate how tool produce and too use facilitate people’s thinking, and this process will starts from material-based thinking, and then go into abstract thinking. Considering the historical fact of tool...
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...Answers to Review Questions Chapter 1: Introduction to a New Career in Law 1.1. Eighty million lawsuits are filed every year. 1.2. The five major players in the development of paralegalism are: National Federation of Paralegal Associations National Association of Legal Assistants American Bar Association Your state bar association Your local paralegal association 1.3. CLE is continuing legal education or training in the law, usually short term, received after one’s formal training. 1.4. Meaning of abbreviations: (a) NFPA—National Federation of Paralegal Associations (b) NALA—National Association of Legal Assistants (c) SCOP—American Bar Association Standing Committee on Paralegals (d) NALS—The Association for Legal Professionals (Note: NALS no longer says that its name stands for National Association of Legal Secretaries) (e) AAPI—American Alliance of Paralegals (f) IPMA—International Paralegal Management Association (g) ALA—Association of Legal Administrators 1.5. Web Sites: (a) NFPA: www.paralegals.org (b) NALA: www.nala.org (c) IMPA: www.paralegalmanagement.org 1.6. Certification examinations: (a) NFPA—The PACE exam. It is an advanced exam; paralegal experience is required to take it. (b) NALA—The CLA exam. It is an entry-level exam. No paralegal experience is required to take it. (Note: NALA also has an advanced examination that does require paralegal experience to take it.) 1.7. Fourteen categories of paralegal associations: ...
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...SAMPLE ESSAY The essay which follows is not perfect! It was, however judged to be an excellent essay and was given a mark of 74%. It is presented here as an example of first class work. The mark reflects some weakness in content particularly in the second part of the question. The essay was also well over-length (4650 words for a 3500-4000 word essay.) N.B. word count does not include abstract or bibliography. The mark sheet is attached at the end. Please note that this has been amended for academic year 2003-2004. The occasional citation errors are pointed out but were not penalised. It is a well presented essay, with a clear structure. Points are well supported from the literature and there is some critical discussion of what the student has read. The essay showed evidence of very wide reading (nearly 40 items in the bibliography) but the writer could have achieved the same mark with a lot less. There was a heavy reliance on some basic reading list material in places that did not do justice to the amount of independent research. There are marginal comments throughout the essay. Passages referred to are marked in red. 1 "As new strategies are implemented in any organisation, tension and conflicts are likely to arise ... such conflicts must be confronted, no matter how uncomfortable it may feel to operate in such a situation. " Discuss in relation to LIS organisations and examine the management strategies which attempt to confront the problem of conflict. Note how...
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...SAMPLE ESSAY The essay which follows is not perfect! It was, however judged to be an excellent essay and was given a mark of 74%. It is presented here as an example of first class work. The mark reflects some weakness in content particularly in the second part of the question. The essay was also well over-length (4650 words for a 3500-4000 word essay.) N.B. word count does not include abstract or bibliography. The mark sheet is attached at the end. Please note that this has been amended for academic year 2003-2004. The occasional citation errors are pointed out but were not penalised. It is a well presented essay, with a clear structure. Points are well supported from the literature and there is some critical discussion of what the student has read. The essay showed evidence of very wide reading (nearly 40 items in the bibliography) but the writer could have achieved the same mark with a lot less. There was a heavy reliance on some basic reading list material in places that did not do justice to the amount of independent research. There are marginal comments throughout the essay. Passages referred to are marked in red. 1 "As new strategies are implemented in any organisation, tension and conflicts are likely to arise ... such conflicts must be confronted, no matter how uncomfortable it may feel to operate in such a situation. " Discuss in relation to LIS organisations and examine the management strategies which attempt to confront the problem of conflict. Note how...
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...June 2007 International Dispute Resolution Overview A. Arbitration International arbitration is the process of resolving disputes between or among transnational parties through the use of one or more arbitrators rather than through the courts. It requires the agreement of the parties, which is usually given via an arbitration clause that is inserted into the contract or business agreement. The decision is usually binding. Arbitration is today most commonly used for the resolution of commercial disputes, particularly in the context of international commercial transactions (International Commercial Arbitration). It is also used in some countries to resolve other types of disputes, such as labour disputes, consumer disputes, and for the resolution of certain disputes between states and between investors and states. As the number of international disputes mushrooms, so too does the use of arbitration to resolve them. There are essentially two kinds of arbitration, ad hoc and institutional. An institutional arbitration is one that is entrusted to one of the major arbitration institutions to handle, while an ad hoc one is conducted independently without such an organization and according to the rules specified by the parties and their attorneys. Ad hoc, or unadministered, arbitration is flexible, relatively cheap and fast way of dispute settlement – if the parties co-operate. When parties are not able to co-operate, the assistance of an institution to move the arbitration forward...
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...Real Strength Comes From the Inside - A Constructivist Analysis of EU Actorness in the Context of UN Security Council Reform Supervisor: Name: Jonas Hirschnitz Claudia Engelmann Student ID: i6004017 j.hirschnitz@student.maastrichtuniversity.nl Pigeonhole: 336 Bachelor Paper I Version: Final Date: 22-July-2011 Word Count: 5,988 Structure: Introduction p.3 1. Actorness - the Construtivist Dimension p.4 2. Capability in EU’s Foreign Policy p.6 2.1 Institutional Settings p.6 2.2 The EU at the UN(SC) p.7 2.3 Institutional Capability p.8 3. Approaching Presence p. 8 3.1 Normative Values Approach p.8 3.2 Normative Values in EU Policy p.9 4. Presence in the Context of UNSC Reform p.10 4.1 The Reform of the UNSC p.10 4.2 EU Member States’ Attitudes p. 11 4.3 Two Positions – One Identity? p.13 Conclusion p.16 Illustrations: Table 1 p.11 Table 2 p.12 Introduction “Intellectually and conceptually, the European Union and the United Nations are built on the same foundations. If this ground becomes shaky, both structures are in danger.” (Fassbender, 2004, p.884) Different scholars have found that Europe only has two decades left – at best – to have an important impact on global political developments (Mayer, 2008, p.64; Schnabel, 2005, p...
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...01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Step 7 A Judge Is Assigned to Hear the Case ❖ 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 N 30 L In the previous two chapters, we learned about the two attorneys in the courtroom drama, the prosecutor and the defense attorney. In this chapter, we turn our attention to the third member of the courtroom work group, the judge. We will learn what judges do and how they become judges. Then, we will look at judges’ discretion and how it affects their relationships with others. INTRODUCTION Judges are by far the most easily recognized member of the courtroom work group, both by their conspicuous robes and by their prominent position in the courtroom. They are also the subject of many stereotypes because the public wants to believe that judges combine patience, wisdom, and compassion to arrive at fair decisions, while they eschew the character flaws that sometimes form the basis of decisions by others, including prejudice, intolerance, favoritism, and hostility. Unfortunately, judges are human and their decisions occasionally reflect such a reality. One West Virginia judge, for example, became so enraged at a defendant who began cursing at him in court that he jumped down from his bench, tore off his judicial robe, and bit the tip off the defendant’s nose (Smith, 1998). He served five days in jail on state assault...
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...1996 [16th August, 1996] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards as also to define the law relating to conciliation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. WHEREAS the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration in 1985: AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended that all countries give due consideration to the said Model Law, in view of the desirability of uniformity of the law of arbitral procedures and the specific needs of international commercial arbitration practice; AND WHEREAS the UNCITRAL has adopted the UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules in 1980; AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended the use of the said Rules in cases where a dispute arises in the context of international commercial relations and the parties seek an amicable settlement of that dispute by recourse to conciliation; AND WHEREAS the said Model Law and Rules make significant contribution to the establishment of a unified legal framework for the fair and efficient settlement of disputes arising in international commercial relations; AND WHEREAS it is expedient to make law respecting arbitration and conciliation, taking into account the aforesaid Model Law and Rules; BE it enacted by Parliament in the Forty-seventh...
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...Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers Approved by the 1996 NASW Delegate Assembly and revised by the 2008 NASW Delegate Assembly The 2008 NASW Delegate Assembly approved the following revisions to the NASW Code of Ethics: 1.05 Cultural Competence and Social Diversity (c) Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, and mental or physical disability. 2.01 Respect (a) Social workers should treat colleagues with respect and should represent accurately and fairly the qualifications, views, and obligations of colleagues. (b) Social workers should avoid unwarranted negative criticism of colleagues in communications with clients or with other professionals. Unwarranted negative criticism may include demeaning comments that refer to colleagues’ level of competence or to individuals’ attributes such as race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, and mental or physical disability. 4.02 Discrimination Social workers should not practice, condone, facilitate, or collaborate with any form of discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender...
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...No.26 of 1996 [16th August, 1996] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards as also to define the law relating to conciliation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. WHEREAS the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration in 1985: AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended that all countries give due consideration to the said Model Law, in view of the desirability of uniformity of the law of arbitral procedures and the specific needs of international commercial arbitration practice; AND WHEREAS the UNCITRAL has adopted the UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules in 1980; AND WHEREAS the General Assembly of the United Nations has recommended the use of the said Rules in cases where a dispute arises in the context of international commercial relations and the parties seek an amicable settlement of that dispute by recourse to conciliation; AND WHEREAS the said Model Law and Rules make significant contribution to the establishment of a unified legal framework for the fair and efficient settlement of disputes arising in international commercial relations; AND WHEREAS it is expedient to make law respecting arbitration and conciliation, taking into account the aforesaid Model Law and Rules; BE it enacted by Parliament in the Forty-seventh Year of...
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...What is a great Workplace ? 1. The Employee View : Great workplaces are built through the day-to-day relationships that employees experience — not a checklist of programmes and benefits. The key factor in common in these relationships is TRUST. From the Employee’s perspective, a great workplace is one where they: * TRUST the people they work for; * Have PRIDE in what they do; and * ENJOY the people they work with. 2. The Manager View : From the Manager’s perspective, a great workplace is one where they: 3. ACHIEVE ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES; 4. With employees who GIVE THEIR PERSONAL BEST; and 5. WORK TOGETHER AS A TEAM / FAMILY in an environment ofTRUST 4 things that makes companies great place to work for : A strong positive culture, firmly grounded in a meaningful purpose. ’Culture’ has, too often, come to mean ‘perks.’ But while a ping-pong table in the break room and coupons for burgers are fun – they’re not the core of a great culture. What people are looking for is an environment that supports and rewards excellence, honesty, mutual support, and fair dealing; where people get great results and they’re treated well….and neither is optional. Truly strong cultures are supported from the C-suite on down: the employees report that their boss – and their boss’ boss, and so on – live by the espoused values. That’s when a culture comes alive. People also want to feel that their strong culture exists to support meaningful work. For example...
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...Standard 1: A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by facilitating the development, articulation, implementation, and stewardship of a vision of learning that is shared and supported by the school community. The effective administrator: 1.1 Uses research about best professional practice. Cooperative Learning "Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other's learning." WHAT IS IT? Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. WHY USE IT? Documented results include improved academic achievement, improved behavior and attendance, increased self-confidence and motivation, and increased liking of school and classmates. Cooperative learning is also relatively easy to implement and is inexpensive. HOW DOES IT WORK? Here are some typical strategies that can be used with any subject, in almost any grade, and without a special curriculum: Group Investigations are structured to emphasize higher-order thinking skills such as analysis and evaluation. Students work to produce a group project, which they may have a hand...
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...Perception be substantially different from objective reality. It need not be, but there is often A process by which disagreement. For example, it's possible that all employees in firm may view it individuals organize and as a great place to work—favorable working conditions, interesting job assign- interpret their sensory mints, good pay, an understanding and responsible management—but, as most impressions in order to give of us know, it's very unusual to find such agreement. meaning to their. Why is perception important in the study of OB? Simply because people's environment. behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. The world as it is perceived is the world that is beiiavioraily important. FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION How do we explain that individuals may look at the same thing, yet perceive it differently? A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made. THE PERCEIVER When an individual looks at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she sees, that interpretation is heavily influenced by personal characteristics of the individual perceiver. Have you ever bought a new car and then suddenly noticed a large number of cars like yours on the road? It's unlikely that the number of such cars suddenly expanded. Rather, your own purchase has influenced...
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...CEDAW in Kyrgyzstan: a movement towards justice On 18 December, 2009, the world will celebrate 30 - year anniversary of the Convention on Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). To mark Convention’s 30th birthday, Kyrgyz women’s organizations launched a nation – wide collection of stories, testimonies and reflections about changes which CEDAW brought into lives of Kyrgyz women. The six selected stories, written by the NGOs and women selves were included into this brochure. UNIFEM is the women’s fund at the United Nations. It provides fi nancial and technical assistance to innovative programmes and strategies to foster women’s empowerment and gender equality. UNIFEM focuses its activities on the over-arching goal of supporting the implementation of existing commitments at the national level to advance gender equality. In support of this goal, UNIFEM works in the following thematic areas: • Strengthening women’s economic security and rights; • Ending violence against women; • Reversing the spread of HIV and AIDS among women and girls; • Achieving gender equality in democratic governance in times of peace as well as war. ActiveArt is co-founded by long-term art-collaborators Tarot Couzyn and Orla O’Flanagan. They work in partnership with local and national groups, to create innovative and participatory community art. Over the past 6 years they have worked in South Africa, Ireland and the Kyrgyz Republic creating art for egalitarian social and political...
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