...current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0144-3577.htm IJOPM 24,10 Learning to evolve A review of contemporary lean thinking Peter Hines, Matthias Holweg and Nick Rich Lean Enterprise Research Centre, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff, UK Keywords Lean production, Learning organizations Abstract The application of lean thinking has made a significant impact both in academic and industrial circles over the last decade. Fostered by a rapid spread into many other industry sectors beyond the automotive industry, there has been a significant development and “localisation” of the lean concept. Despite successful “lean” applications in a range of settings however, the lean approach has been criticised on many accounts, such as the lack of human integration or its limited applicability outside high-volume repetitive manufacturing environments. The resulting lack of definition has led to confusion and fuzzy boundaries with other management concepts. Summarising the lean evolution, this paper comments on approaches that have sought to address some of the earlier gaps in lean thinking. Linking the evolution of lean thinking to the contingency and learning organisation schools of thought, the objective of this paper is to provide a framework for understanding the evolution of lean not only as a concept, but also its implementation within an organisation, and point out areas for future research. 994 International Journal of Operations...
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...Marketing MKT421 SC11BSB04 Date Professor Marketing Mix Marketing mix is a tool that companies use to develop marketing strategies and a way to implement new programs to communicate a value for consumers. According to the text, Basic Marketing, the marketer tools are “product, price, place and promotion” (Perrault, Cannon & McCarthy, 2011). Four P’s of Marketing Marketing mix is known as the 4 Ps of Marketing or Product, Price, Place (distribution) and Promotion. These become the guidelines that marketers use to control the environment of marketing. Decisions need to be made that place the 4 P’s on client or customer experience and create a positive experience and generate value. Product: When a company has a brand name, offers a warranty, promotes quality or style. Price: Developing the use of a strategy for pricing, or a suggested retail price, being flexible or offering wholesale pricing and volume discounts. Good examples of this are Costco and Sam’s Clubs. Place: The products have to reach the customer. This P is about the use of distribution channels, warehousing or having a distribution center, transportation and managing the inventory. Promotion: This model is how information about the product must be communicated with the end goal being a positive customer experience. This is the area in which marketing communications would use promotions, advertising, public relations services and create a marketing communications budget. Marketing for Verizon ...
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...Philosophy and Psychology The links in the table on the left take you to sub-headings on this page. |. |Philosophy can mean different things | | |Sometimes philosophers deal with questions of truth and sometimes with questions of goodness ; | | |sometimes they offer consolation for life’s sorrows and sometimes they are purely pragmatic. In | | |the philosophy of science, a theory may be valued only for its predictive capability ; its truth | | |or falsity may be immaterial. In ethics, philosophy may have a prescriptive function, offering a | | |preferred set of values ; but where those values originate from is a debatable question. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 10(3), 2010, 333-340 333 LEAN MANAGEMENT - THE WAY TO A PERFORMANT ENTERPRISE AMALIA VENERA TODORUŢ, CECILIA IRINA RĂBONŢU, DORU CÎRNU * ABSTRACT: In this work we approached issues related to new methods of production organization such as Lean Management, a method specific for a flexible production of great success which represents the guarantee for a performant enterprise. In this paper we presented the main concepts, the application and adaptation way in different contexts, both in industry and in services. We showed a modern tendency which is taking shape more and more in the contemporary economic context, such as the integration of this concept with the Six Sigma concept, and thus we can talk about Lean Six Sigma, as an integrator method which guarantees high-class quality and lower costs. KEY WORDS: lean management, quality, performances, Six Sigma, the diminution of the defaults JEL CLASSIFICATION: L15, L16, L25, M10, M11, M16 1. INTRODUCTION Researches on production technologies, operations and performance reflect the increasing context of industrial competition in the global economic environment. A key objective is the creation of a systematic knowledge base by applying the systemic approach and quantitative analysis, which will lead to a better understanding of fundamental factors, determinants of growth and industrial decline. An example is the Lean method and the Lean manufacturing principles, concepts and...
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...Human and Machine Intelligence Essay Joe Schmo Human and Machine Intelligence Essay Are machines able to think, feel, comprehend, and act intelligently similar to that of their human counterparts? The debate continues and with the advancement of technology anything is possible. This paper will take a look at artificial intelligence and clearly state goals and limitations related to it. This paper will also compare and contrast the relation between the functioning brains and will evaluate if computers are capable of thought and how the right and left hemispheres of the human brain correspond to that of a microchip. Finally, this paper will discuss our feelings on free will in intelligent beings. According to "The Free Dictionary" (2012), "Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or other machine to perform actions thought to require intelligence. Among these actions are logical deduction and inference, creativity, the ability to make decisions based on past experience or insufficient or conflicting information, and the ability to understand spoken language ” (Artificial Intelligence). Technology has advanced tremendously since the creation of artificial intelligence in the 1950’s. A major goal moving ahead for scientists is to create machines that have the capacity to think and act like humans. Scientists then hope that if they are able to create human-like machines they will eventually be able to surpass...
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...good HR looks like and what you need to know and do at every stage of your HR career, wherever you are in the world. With over 135,000 individual members we’re in the business of supporting you to keep up to date with the latest thinking and best practice, as well as providing you with products and services to help you do your job including: . CIPD has links with over 100 similar global institutions and associations and are active members of the World Federation of People Management Associations (WFPMA), the European Association for People Management (EAPM) and the International Federation of Training and Development Organisations CIPD is setting global standards for HR and supporting the development of HR professionals and building HR capability within organisations around the world. Our members represent over 120 countries throughout the world and are supported by a network of 48 branches, led by volunteers, in the UK and Ireland. There’s also a growing network of international groups, led by professionals in the industry which provide networking and learning opportunities as well as a forum for sharing experiences and discussing topical issues and are run for CIPD members For the Profession: We’re advancing HR globally and driving HR capability within organisations. As the world’s largest Chartered HR and development...
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...Introduction Organizations always face the challenges of dynamic business environment. In 21st century, the environment has become more dynamic and unpredictable. The changing business environment requires strategic thinking in companies to develop good corporate strategies. Only when developing effective strategies, corporate can remain the competitive position. By creating strategy, organization can remain the competitive advantage which other companies are unable to implement. Corporate strategy is not only for large firms but also for small business. However, there is a quotation suggests that “Strategic management is nothing more than a set a o myths, parables and homilies that give senior management a feeling of comfort that they can control the destinies of their organizations. It has neither theoretical substance nor empirical content and is delusional in its intention. The future is not only unpredictable it is also unknowable”. This assignment shall argue the citation by considering different factors. First, the assignment will identify the meaning of strategy and it does matter. And then the essays will have brief discussion of industry matter for the performance of an organization. Finally, the assignment will draw conclusion through the relevance of strategy in management practices. 1. What is strategy and does it matter? There are many ways to define strategy by various researchers. Henry Minzberg (1971) defines “Strategies are both plans for the future...
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...Chapter 1 Evolution of Human REsouRcE managEmEnt and Human REsouRcE infoRmation systEms The Role of InfoRmaTIon Technology Mohan ThiTe, Michael J. Kavanagh, and RichaRd d. Johnson EDITORS’ NOTE The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the fields of human resource management (HRM) and information technology (IT) and to the combination of these two fields into human resource information systems (HRIS). The history of the field of HRM and the impact of computer technology on HRM will be covered, as well as the advent of using a human resource information system and the subsequent effects on both HR and IT professionals. The different types of HR activities will be discussed as well as the different types of information systems used in HRIS. A central focus of this chapter is the use in managerial decision making of results and reports from an HRIS. The development of the HRIS field has been seen to have a significant impact on the emergence of strategic human resource management (Strategic HRM), as is discussed in this chapter. This first chapter will lay the groundwork for the remainder of this book, and, consequently, it is important to understand thoroughly the concepts and ideas it presents. This chapter contains definitions for a number of terms in common use in the HRM, IT, and HRIS fields. (Note that a glossary defining these terms is also provided at the back of this book.) The central themes 2 Chapter 1 Evolution of Human Resource Management...
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...AARHUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS University of Aarhus MASTER THESIS Challenges in Lean implementation Successful transformation towards Lean enterprise Ana Valentinova Kovacheva Supervisor: Ana Luiza Lara De Araújo MSc in Strategy, Organization and Leadership January 2010, Aarhus 2 Abstract The paper is based on a systematic literature review that examines how the implementation of Lean could bring value to the organization processes and contribute for achieving an operational excellence. Different organizational factors which have importance in the implementation process, are thoroughly examined. Key success factors that enhance the implementation process are identified - human resource practices, management style, organizational strategic vision, organizational culture, external partnerships. The research outlines the challenges that companies experience when they change their business model towards implementing a new to the company management system – Lean concept. For better understanding of the term the paper suggests definitions from the authors acknowledged in the field. Part of the research considers some critical points that impede the implementation of Lean. The conclusions are drawn upon considering lean as a complete business system, which change the way organization thinks in striving for a competitive advantage. Keywords: lean implementation, lean enterprise, Lean, challenges, process improvement 3 Table of Contents: Introduction...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research paper acknowledges different quality management tools. It is about the evolution of different quality tools and defining the best practice Strategic model in IT organization in relation to achieving quality within their business processes and integrating business processes to achieve strategic goals. Previous research and study indicates the various quality system tools in order to achieve quality management objectives in the competitive business environment. This research paper investigates and finds out the evolution of different quality system tools and significance of various quality tools and then designing best practice strategic model for future in Information Technology organization. The importance of this proposed research is that currently IT companies are experiencing increased global competition and parameters like complexities of the product, different markets, customer focus, high quality of product, decision making and integration among various business units in the global environment and the environment in which the firm operates are the issues of concern. Traditional quality tool in IT systems are not capable of coping with these demands and still stay competitive. Changes are needed in order to achieve sustainable results and maintaining fitness and overcome the problems of traditional tools. Today industrial companies need stable position socially and economically and...
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...The Evolution of Management Thinking 1880 - Scientific Management Frederick Taylor decides to time each and every worker at the Midvale Steel Company. His view of the future becomes highly accurate: "In the past man was first. In the future the system will be first." - Frederick Taylor In scientific management the managers were elevated while the workers' roles were negated. "Science, not rule of thumb, - Frederick Taylor The decisions of supervisors, based upon experience and intuition, were no longer important. Employees were not allowed to have ideas of responsibility. Yet the question remains — is this promotion of managers to center-stage justified? 1929 – Taylorism The Taylor Society publishes a revised and updated practitioner's manual: Scientific Management in American Industry. 1932 - The Hawthorne Studies Elton Mayo becomes the first to question the behavioral assumptions of scientific management. The studies concluded that human factors were often more important than physical conditions in motivating employees to greater productivity. 1946 - Organization Development Social scientist Kurt Lewin launches the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His contributions in change theory, action research, and action learning earn him the title of the “Father of Organization Development:” the systematic application of behavioral science knowledge at various levels (group, intergroup, and total organization)...
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...Term Paper (HUL 267) PSYCHOLOGY AND CULTURE Psychological grounds of culture: Virtually culture is a coalescence of stable discrete behavioural norms and cognitions shared by individuals within some definable proportion and that are distinct from other populations. These norms are stable and last long because these are continuously transmitted to new cultural members of the group through different means. Apparently different psychological needs and their consequences led to the creation of cultural norms. There are different perspectives; one aspect is that culture emerged to serve as a psychological buffer against existential anxiety. Another approach suggests that culture arises in part from an epistemic need for verifiable knowledge, and for certainty and confidence in our perceptions of the world around us. The creation of a shared reality, a common set of beliefs, expectations and rules for interpreting the world, helps fulfill this need to validate one’s own construction of reality. A very different perspective on the origins of culture implies that cultures and the specific norms that define these cultures emerge as unintended byproducts of interpersonal interaction. The contents of these communications and interactions are constrained by psychological considerations and thus exert consequences on culture. As social influence attends any act of communication and because individuals communicate more regularly with others who are closer to them in geographic or social...
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...process. These components create the overall direction and success for a corporation (Mansfield, Fourie & Gevers, 2005). Strategic Architecture strives to choreograph a movement between change and stability. Architecture strategy translates business strategy into objectives for building and enhancing business capabilities together to accomplish the implementation puzzle. Development of an effective strategic architecture in an organization increases the probability of developing better strategy solutions and achieving better organization performance. Hamel and Prahalad (1990) developed their explanation of strategic architecture as (O’Shannassy & Hunter, 2009): “Consistency of resource allocation and the development of an administrative infrastructure appropriate to it that breathes life into a strategic architecture and creates a managerial culture, teamwork, a capacity to change, and a willingness to share resources, to protect proprietary skills and to think long term.” Business strategy is a continual process, and strategy implementation must be responsive to this continual change in direction. Architecture must provide the foundation for flexibility and evolution. At the same time, however, the architecture must provide points of stability. It is this stability that allows for organizational learning and improvement, leading to excellence....
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...VIEWPOINT Core Competence, Distinctive Competence, and Competitive Advantage: What Is the Difference? ANN MOONEY STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY ABSTRACT. Core competence, distinctive competence, and competitive advantage ABSTRACT. are 3 of the most important business concepts that managers, researchers, and educators rely on for decision making, pedagogy, and research. However, little attention has been paid to defining these concepts. As a result, they have become buzzwords that are used so frequently that their meanings are often taken for granted but are not fully understood. In this article, the author reviews the evolution of these concepts in business literature and provides comprehensive definitions, conceptual models, and examples to help clarify and distinguish the concepts so that failures of communication can be avoided. Keywords: competencies, competitive advantage, strategy Copyright © 2007 Heldref Publications 110 Journal of Education for Business S R ince its genesis in the mid-20th century, the study of business disciplines has become an established academic discipline. The proliferation of business curricula, journals, and academic and professional associations is evidence of a dramatic growth in business education. Although the growth has improved the understanding of business and informed business practices, with growth comes various problems. For example, business practitioners, researchers...
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...could meet 4 Qualitative analysis of the interview with a UWS Academics 5 3.1. Thematic research 5 3.2. Understand the interview 5 3.3. How to find themes 5 3.4. Identification of themes 4 3 2.3. How to run a qualitative survey 3 3 6 Highlight on the key findings 6 References 7 Appendix 1 8 Appendix 2 12 Appendix 3 13 Appendix 4 15 1 Introduction For this second semester, I am in charge to product a report about the qualitative research. In this report, I will give a definition as complete as possible of the qualitative research. Talk about the advantages and limits of a qualitative research. I will also run a Thematic Analysis of an interview using tools as Initial Interview Analysis, then Thematic Map and a table with the Emergent Themes. To finish this report I will discuss about the key findings of my analysis. 2 1. Effective research design The research design got an important function: Be assured that the data we have collected is in proper to the following “problem”. Also the data has to be collected accurately. It is a blueprint that each researcher could fallow during a research study. It permits to collect and analysis the data. The research design depends upon what the researcher is looking for, his needs. It can be a detailed or furnish the minimum of the information required. However, to be effective a research design should have a statement of...
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