Free Essay

Brainwashed and Not Understanding

In:

Submitted By Gus229
Words 2220
Pages 9
Brainwashed and Not Understanding
Gustavis Martin
Liberty U
APA

Everyday our children are becoming more and more exposed to negativity as a result of the media and electronic devices. Most parents do not realize the danger our kids are placed in from this mass exposure. In today’s society our children can be brainwashed excessive time listening to certain music on the radio, watching certain television programs and playing some types of video games and other social media outlets by wanting to emulate what they see, read and hear. Much of this is leading to hazards to their mental and physical health. It is really an epidemic which can only be stopped by parents and other responsible adults gaining an understanding of the technology and devices our kids use, and learning what should be censored. [pic] So much of the music on the radio contains large amounts of cursing, with the lyrics requiring to be beeped out. This situation is worsened with our kids listening to these same songs on their iPods, mp3’s, Zune, etc. A majority, if not all, of the music on the devices will have cursing, derogatory sayings, and violent references that parents and other adults would not want their children to hear on a regular basis, but continue to let them do so mostly because of a lack of knowledge about how to use this technology. Though rap is not the only genre of music which frequently includes these concerns, it is a prime example. It is stated in Voxjuvenis that research done at the University of South Carolina indicates that “The negative messages in rap music mainly targets teens and young adults” (Samantha, 2011). Even this age group of young adults and teens are still very impressionable. [pic] Younger children are listening to rap music and are at a greater risk of receiving the negative messages. Under the Influence of Music documented, “Our children on a daily basis hear 251 negative and derogatory references” (Parker-Pope, 2008). Doing the math, that’s on average 91,615 times annually a child will hear words that parents or parental figures have explained to them are not good words and they should not repeat them. In fact in Rippermarketing.com, Trace/Decay Theory explains that “To remember something you have to hear or do it at least 20 times has a long term effect. It is same principle as applied to getting rid of a bad habit” (Henthorn, 2010). Realizing this, adults cannot not be surprised our children are regularly cursing and emulating that to which they are continuously exposed. Music affects children in many different ways. One of the ways that is a concern is that they want to mimic their favorite artist and others that have a wide yet negative appeal. Kids are tempted very often when listening to rap music and want the lifestyle of entertainers and artists because they make it appear to look fun and glamorous. Many music videos portray a lush and lavish way of living that anyone would desire. Many rappers talk about how they made it to the top and things they did to make it while all this was going on. So many kids are tempted into believing this lifestyle is desirous and then end up successfully emulating what they have seen and heard. Typically they hear about selling drugs, money backing the operation, dressing up in the hottest most popular clothes or doing things to their body which will be regretted. [pic] Parents must limit how much influence the negative role models that our kids select have on their lives. Many of the songs are either degrading to certain groups or genders or used incorrectly affecting the type of grammar they use. Are you aware of what the word “thot” means? Neither did I until my younger cousin told me. “Thot” has the same meaning as calling a woman a bitch. This word, is among many bad ones, is commonly used in some rap songs. Music is not the “lone ranger” which should be held accountable for the negative influences. Video games can be just as negative. Many games are either extremely violent, incredibly fantasy based, or too much of both. Some prime examples are: Grand Theft Auto, God of War and Metal Gear. There is an article on G4TV.com/the Feed about a six-year old who stole his parents’ car to make it to school on time after missing the school bus. “He said he was determined to make it on time and “learnt” what to do from Grand Theft Auto” (R_pad, 2009). Is this what we want our kids to learn and emulate! [pic] Each of the above games has violent content, bloody scenes and promotes lying, cheating and stealing. Another social media Is media violence damaging to kids states that, “When looking into the statistics on video games, mainly first-person shooter games, 12 earlier cases found a link between individuals having violent behavior tendencies that show up later life in comparison to the amount of violent games played” (Emmons, 2013). Parents understand that children need outlets, but it has become more and more apparent that allowing our kids to play games such as these is not healthy for them. In Is media violence damaging to kids a 2004 study indicated that video games, because of their “physical activity” and “be-the-character” interactivity can lead a child to be desensitized to violence on a greater scale than watching TV (Emmons, 2013). Kids that are immersed in video games tend to desire the fantasy life they play over the real life they should live. It is very confusing to young lives and especially youth who are less fortunate. A good indicator of negative effects of video games is the impact on school and grades (Essays, 2013). Even though many believe that games help hand and eye coordination, the potential impact on their mental health is a greater concern. Children world-wide are staying inside getting less exercise and are turning to games instead of playing outside. Many turn to games when they’re upset or depressed and have been influenced to think that resorting to detrimental acts like shooting some imaginary people will give relief to their situation, instead of confronting it by receiving some adult assistance for counseling. The game becomes their life and their life becomes the game. [pic] Last but not least, the television shows our kids watch! TV shows like Family Guy, American Dad, and Ridiculousness have no educational or moral value. Worse is that a majority of them are on kid friendly networks. It is a known fact that Adult Swim comes on the same channel as Cartoon Network. Many parents allow their kids go to sleep watching the TV or so parents believe they are going to sleep. So what’s stopping kids from staying up past their bedtimes to try and catch these harmful shows! “Family Guy has made its way into the 20 most watched shows among 2-17 year-olds (StarPulse, 2007). When a 2 year old is allowed to watch a show such as this a parent cannot be surprised when they imitate what they have seen such as Stewie’s favorite sayings “Bloody Hell” or “Blast you Woman”. Are these the types of words our kids should be hearing and emulating? [pic] One of the worries parents must have with this show is the amount of violence it contains. ‘Family Guy’ is a TV show that should be catered to adults and not children at all. But still they’re allowed to watch them if nothing more than the fact that it is animation. We must understand that the characters on Family Guy kill, stab, fight, and even run over each other. There is the wrong message to send in helping to establish the necessary morals that we must require of our kids. This show portrays the opposite. It is common for sexual references and innuendos; there are even scenes that show the characters having sex. This is not something adolescence should be experiencing and not the manner in which teenagers should be exposed to sex. [pic] No good results can come from this show for children. Bullying is even common on Family Guy. It’s a fact that kids can be cruel to each other and this show encourages such behavior. Adolescents are modeling behavior from this show. Children imitate what they see, so why let them watch something that leads to this behavior in their life or even a future employment issue that leads to a possible sexual harassment situation. The negativity of this type of television show easily influences the lives of our children and society in the worst possible way. Parents are setting themselves up and their children to become a part of the criminal justice system where someone will be required to straighten out the problems which never should have occurred in in the first place. The power of social and technological media today is astounding and parents and parental figures have to be careful for our children’s sake. Listening to certain music, watching certain types and too much television, playing games and media outlets all have different ways of trapping the minds of our youths, and have the potential to harm them physically and mentally as they attempt to imitate what they observe. Adults must be on the lookout for such traps and prevent this destruction in our kids’ lives. We all really want a healthy and successful life for all of our children.

References:

Essays, UK. (November 2013). Impact of Video Gaming On Society. Copyrights 2003-2014 UK Essays Retrieved from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/impact-of-video-gaming-on-society.php?cref=1

Sasha Emmons, February 21, 2013. Is media violence damaging to kids – Video Games
Copyrights: 2011 The Parenting Group, 2014 Cable News Network Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/21/living/parenting-kids-violence-media/

Tara Parker-Pope, February 5, 2008. Under the Influence of… Music Copyrights 2014 The New York Times Company. Retrieved from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/05/under-the-influence-ofmusic/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0

Samantha, July 2011. Vox Juvenis: Voice of The Youth Newspaper: The Effects of Negative Music on Today’s Youth. Retrieved from: http://voxjuvenis.wordpress.com/2011/07/12/the-effects-of-negative-music-on-today%E2%80%99s-youth/#comments

R_Pad, January 6, 2009. G4TV/TheFeed- Six-Year Old Steals Parents’ Car, Says he Learned from ‘Grand Theft Auto’. Copyrights 2012 G4 Media, LLC. Retrieved from: http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/692202/six-year-old-steals-parents-car-says-he-learned-from-grand-theft-auto/

Ben Henthorn, April 15, Repetition, Memory, and Trace/Decay Theory – You’re who? And what is it you do? – What do people actually remember? Retrieved from: http://www.rippermarketing.com/blog/repetition-and-memory/

StarPulse.com, November 1, 2007. ‘Family Guy’ Named Worst Show for Young Audiences. Copyrights 1999-2014 StarPulse.com Retrieved from: http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/11/01/family_guy_named_worst_show_for_young_au

Pitcures:
Mateo Rivero, January 3, 2013. We Are A Brainwashed Generation. Copyrights 2006-2014 Adobe System Inorporated Retrieved from: https://www.behance.net/gallery/6504547/WE-ARE-A-BRAINWASHED-GENERATION

Rock Star, 2014. Grand Theft Auto. Copyrights RockStar 2013 Retrieved from: http://www.rockstargames.com/grandtheftauto/

Da Rich Kids, August 27, 2013. Copyrights 2013 Swa-Rai.com Retrieved from: http://www.swa-rai.com/2013/08/swa-rai-mommy-backtoschool-with-kmart-and-da-rich-kidzz.html

Clander, November 18, 2008. Stuff White People Like- #116 Black Music That Don’t Listen to Anymore. Retrieved from: http://stuffwhitepeoplelike.com/2008/11/18/116-black-music-that-black-people-dont-listen-to-anymore/

Trevis Agena, 1 years ago. Stewie Griffin. Retrieved From: http://stuffpoint.com/family-guy/image/309497/family-guy-picture/

Andrew Pollard, November 25, 2013. Revealed! Major “Family Guy” Character Killed Off. Retrieved From: http://mynerfherder.com/2013/11/25/revealed-major-family-guy-character-killed-off/

Diabolical dr Voodoo, April 25, 2011. Picture of Family Guy. Copyrights 2014 Listal.com Retrieved from: http://www.listal.com/viewimage/1930080

Outline/Thesis

Thesis:
In today’s society our children can be brainwashed with the use of the radio, television, video games, and other media outlets by wanting to copy what they see, even if it could be a hazard to their mental and physical health.

Intro

1st set of paragraphs 1. Songs played on the radio • Raps songs 2. Negativity of the songs • Words being used 3. How this can affect a child • Desiring to emulate favorite artist • Degrading or miss use of vocabulary
2nd set of paragraphs 1. Popular video Games that are violent • Grand Theft Auto 2. Impact on a child’s brain • Violence being demonstrated • Fantasy life 3. Possible outcomes • Tendencies in game acted out in the real world
3rd set of paragraphs 1. Television shows and the ratings non positive shows receive • Family Guy 2. Impact from the lack of education in the show • Violence being shown • Lack of morals 3. Possible outcomes • Sexual references can lead to sexual harassment • Stupidity show and the can of mimicking • Humiliation and how it can bleed into the real world
4th set of paragraphs 1. Revise what was said 2. Reintroduce thesis 3. Finish strong

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

1984 Winston Anti Hero Analysis

...Anti-hero in Modernist Fiction”, “Weak, ineffectual, pale, humiliated, self-doubting, inept, occasionally abject characters — often afflicted with self-conscious and paralyzing irony, yet at times capable of unexpected resilience and fortitude”(Neimneh 78). The resilience shown by Winston keeps the reader rooting for him even when he is captured for his thought crime. This hope, further developed as Winston defies O’Brien as he is being tortured, is short lived when the reader is awakened to Winston’s failure in the end. According to Tim Adams, educator from TED Ed, “All too often though the anti-hero is killed or brainwashed to return to conformity with the masses”(TED Ed). In accordance with the anti-hero archetype, Winston is brainwashed and later killed. When Winston is caught for his thought crime, he is taken to the Ministry of Love, where he is tortured and brainwashed back into conformity. Orwell writes, “But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother” (Winston 298). The brainwashing of Winston is a powerful statement created by Orwell to warn the reader of how the Party abuses their power to control the minds of the civilians. In an excerpt of an article from Magill’s Survey of World Literature it...

Words: 1893 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Argumentative Essay: Is It Important To College?

...High school students, as well as their parents and teachers, believe acceptance into college is crucial for a successful future. We are taught from an early age that college is the gateway to a happy and beneficial life. Despite popular opinions, college admission is extremely stressful and expensive. Students are forcibly brainwashed into the idea that only through college can they advance their chosen career path. Choosing not to partake in it can diminish their reputation as well as obliterate any chance of getting a high paying job. A contradicting thought would be to believe that college helps students discover their passion, and in turn, advance it. However, this belief does not account for the heavy price attached to the enlightenment...

Words: 832 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

The Bluest Eye Research Paper

...In Toni Morrison’s the novel “The Bluest Eye”, it provided a comprehensive understanding of how whiteness is the preferred beauty standards, which misleads the lives of African American women and children. Morrison is a master at examining the relationships between the races and genders. She also talks about the struggle between civilization and nature, despite the fact that if it is myth. Morrison has a unique way in her writing that causes the reader to get visual through her narrating stories. Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye demonstrates her creative techniques to express the struggles of how African American girl’s deals with society’s concepts of beauty, self-hatred, self-worth, and family. As many individuals may know that beauty is...

Words: 1024 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Rhetorical Analysis Of Learning To Read Malcolm X

...When he began to read a lot of books it “opened [his] eyes gradually, then wider and wider, to how the whole world’s white men had indeed acted like devils, pillaging, and raping and bleeding and draining the whole world’s non-white people” (194). All this time when he was illiterate, he was easily influenced to believe the white men’s narration on how history had happened. By understanding of what each text is saying, Malcolm X is engaged into the texts and views white men in a negative perspective. “Book after book [showed him] how the white man had brought upon the world’s black, brown, red, and yellow peoples every variety of the suffering of exploitation,” (194) which contrasts to what Malcolm X and most peoples believe into in America. The dominant narration in American history texts shows Americans are the heroes, victims, and the protagonists, but what most people do not know that there are horrific actions Americans have done that have put aside and ignore in history texts. By reading a lot of books, Malcolm X is able to grasp the entire American history that has been ignored and come to formulate his perception...

Words: 1325 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

School Education

...School Education According to the Oxford English Dictionary one of the definitions of the word "education" is: "The systematic instruction, schooling or training given to the young in preparation for the work of life; by extension, similar instruction or training obtained in adult age”. Also, the whole course of scholastic instruction which a person has received. I think the instruction or kind of life it prepares, as classical, legal, medical, technical, commercial, or maybe even art education. Although this is an accurate description of what an actual education may be, there is a great deal more to the process of becoming educated than the actual instruction and schooling one may receive. The educational system consists of 12 grades of study over 12 years of primary and secondary education before graduating and becoming eligible for college admission. After pre-kindergarten and kindergarten, there are five years in primary school known as elementary school. After completing five grades, the student will enter middle school and then high school to get the high school diploma. I think the most important years of schooling are the primary education, because that is where the young students learn the basic things that they need for the rest of their schooling years. Like for example in English class the students learn basic grammar, spelling, and vocabulary, they also learn how to read and write. The school system needs to get rid of a lot of electives they have like for example...

Words: 726 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

God, Are You There?

...Sahiba Kaur Persuasive Speech 18 November 2014 Professor Liedke Topic: God Exists God, are you there? Today I will dispel the myth that God exists. God is all knowing and powerful. He created the world and us humans are created in his image. God is love, gracious, good and merciful. People who believe in God believe they are sinners when they were born, and trust they will go to hell if they do not believe in Him. Christians will believe they will go to heaven if they believe in the Christian God, and they believe they will go to hell if they do not. Muslims believe they will go to heaven and have 72 virgins waiting for them if they kill in the name of their God, and believe they will go to hell if they do not. Thankfully, this belief is false. If God is love, then why will he send someone to Hell? People in this world need to believe in something. They want to believe someone created the whole universe, thus the manmade creation of God. In an article published by Osho International foundation, Bhagwan Rajneesh states, “The Christians say God created the world, in fact, the hypothesis of God is needed for the creation. The world is there, someone must have created it, and whoever created it, that creator is God. But do you see the implication, if the world is created then there can be no evolution, evolution means creation continues. Think of the Christian story, God created the world in six days, and on the seventh day, he rested. Since then he’s been resting. The...

Words: 1363 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Summary Of A Long Way Gone By Ishmael Beah

...This book, A Long Way Gone, tells a biography of Ishmael Beah. Ishmael Beah starts out as an innocent boy who is fascinated with rapping with his friends. When he is 12 years old, his village is attacked by rebels while he is performing in a rap group at school. Among the confusion, violence and the air of uncertainty of the war, Ishmael and his brother, Junior, and his friends wander from villages to villages in a desperate search of food and sanctuary. Their daily struggle for survival causes them to commit acts that they have never believed themselves capable of, such as stealing food from the younger children. Eventually, Ishmael is conscripted as a solider by the army and he becomes a killing machine who enjoys horrible violence. The...

Words: 416 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Sex Trafficking: Modern Slavery

...Victims of sex trafficking are regularly brainwashed that the government and police are untrusting and at times they really are, or have the fear of being deported. There are cases that the police or any that’s a part of the government are not trusting because they get a percentage of the profit from the pimps. Threats of violence to the victims occur if they ever try to leave, they also tell the victims that they will abuse their families. Sex trafficking victims develop embarrassment from what they have done, self-blame from being brainwashed by the pimp, enslavement by the pimp, and hopelessness. Since all personal documentations are removed and the victims are moved by the pimp the victims often have no idea where they are, or who they are...

Words: 1447 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Fahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis

...Throughout Fahrenheit 451, the government eradicates all types of disputable information through burning books. Oblivion is spread throughout the population, yet there are a few individuals who are able to escape ignorance and strive to preserve knowledge, change society and find the means of happiness. Bradbury compares the thoughts and actions between two characters, Montag and Mildred, to reveal what makes up true happiness. Montag believes that self-awareness fights against a society that is shrouded in ignorance. In that case one can only find true happiness through self-awareness. Montag begins the novel as Mildred does, oblivious. He is a fireman and enjoys burning books because it is what he is supposed to do. He does not question...

Words: 619 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

North Korea Propaganda

...Propaganda Film Response 1. What are your feelings after watching this candid documentary? A: I had a mixture of feelings. First, as an American, I thought that the entire piece was trash and clearly had an agenda. Second, as a follow-up response, I thought that North Korean leaders must really be crazy if they truly believe in everything they say in the film. If the population believes in Propaganda, then it is no surprise that the Kim regime has such an iron grip over the people. I had an interesting feeling at the end of my initial defensive response. I thought that the entire “documentary” viewed America from the perspective of an outsider from an alien culture. It actually made sense that an outsider sees us as all-consuming, materialistic, and hedonistic creatures. We clearly have a lot of things wrong with society, and Propaganda is almost calling us out from a naïve perspective. 2. What kind of media techniques/effects did the filmmakers utilize to captivate/persuade the audience? A: They used more images and fewer words. Imagery and symbolism are very effective tools of propaganda because they invoke emotions and feelings that simple words cannot. For example, if we read that Hitler has killed 4 million Jews, we are reminded of the atrocities that he has committed. However, if we see the Nazi symbol, we immediately think of evil, World War II, even Japan and Pearl Harbor; the enemy / other that must be destroyed is what we think of. 3. How does North Korea view...

Words: 466 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Fahrenheit 451 Analysis

...intellectualism and deep thought are shunned, Montag begins to realize how empty life is and how little value life has anymore. He begins to read books and tries to talk about them, against the wishes of his wife and boss. Although his new habit gets him into deep trouble at the end, he defends his ideas and escapes the unnamed city where he resides. Going from being a close-minded conformist to a book-reading radical, Montag is a prime example of a dynamic character, a character that changes over the course of the story. In the beginning of the story, Guy Montag has the same mindset as everyone else, lacking emotion and understanding. His job is to burn books and the houses in which they hide, as books are illegal, which he enjoys doing. He is returning home from work one day when he meets Clarisse, a teenage girl who is extremely vivid and deep in thought. Montag, who is brainwashed not to think like Clarisse, is intrigued by her. When they arrive at her house, she explains the noise inside: “Oh, just my mother and father and uncle sitting around, talking.” (Bradbury 9), a habit Montag has never seen before in a family. He becomes jealous of her and her family for having everyday conversations that have much more meaning than any he has with his wife, Mildred, or the other firemen. Montag is unable to stop thinking about her and her ways, and as he is deep in thought one day, he asks Mildred how they met. When she is unable to answer, Montag is disturbed and realized how distant he and Mildred...

Words: 822 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Paraphrasing

...Original Passage "A good writer is one you can read without breaking a sweat. If you want a workout, you don’t lift a book you lift weights. Yet were brainwashed to believe that the more brilliant the writer, the tougher the going." "The truth is that the reader is always right. Chances are if something you’re reading doesn’t make sense, it’s not your fault it’s the writers. And if something you write doesn’t get your point across, it’s probably not the reader’s fault it’s yours. Too many readers are intimidated and humbled by what they can’t understand and in some cases that are precisely the effect the writer is after. But confusion is not complexity; it’s just confusion. A venerable tradition, dating back to the ancient Greek orators, teaches that if you don’t know what you’re talking about, just ratchet up the level of difficulty and no one will ever know." "Don’t confuse simplicity, though, with simplemindedness. A good writer can express an extremely complicated idea clearly and make the job look effortless. But such simplicity is a difficult thing to achieve because to be clear in your writing you have to be clear in your thinking. This is why the simplest and clearest writing has the greatest power to delight, surprise, inform, and move the reader. You can’t have this kind of shared understanding if writer and reader are in an adversary...

Words: 552 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Mntra Persuana

...The Persuasion Mantra Understanding the brain is critical to being a stunning persuader. Conscious vs subconscious ??Which one makes the decisions?? * Why do people eat hot and soupy food in rainy weather? * Ask anyone in the world be it American, Asian, African, Middle East, they will all answer the same, they want hot and soupy food in rainy weather. WHY? >>>>>>People are hotwired in the same way<<<<<<< * There are 6 primary emotions that a human display * Fear * Anger * Distrust * Sadness * Happiness * Surprise If you CAN tap on to these emotions you can sell ice to Eskimos if you want to. * Why you chose what you chose, ( people ) E.g.: Why do you have a closet full of black colors? Why do you buy clothes with pattern? What kind of dress do you wear? >>>>maybe because it brought u happiness.<<<< People will forget what you said. People will forget what you did. But people will never forget how you made them FEEL. * Watch Some Ads you see online or on TV. After watching it a few times, your brain will actually create new connections and map a new reward circuit. Every time you listen to that music, and see that Advertisement, some emotion will go through you. You are a WALKING, BREATHING electric machine. E.g Macdonalds >> You don’t know what is in the meat (E.g NUGGETS) yet you still come back for more. From young...

Words: 641 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Equality 7-2521 In Ayn Rand's Anthem

...Anthem is a book written by Ayn Rand, “We strive to be like all our brothers, for all men must be alike” (Rand, 19). Every individual in the society is brainwashed and afraid of escaping. Equality 7-2521 is not summoned because of his need to learn more about the world. In Anthem, the City has numerous rules because they are set in a place to help the society function as a one. Their entire lives they are governed by bells, telling them what to do. Men are not allowed to associate with others of different positions, and they are prohibited speaking to women. However, at the yearly Time of Mating, men and women are coupled at random and expected to sleep together. Any children formulated on this night are taken and raised by the state, never...

Words: 773 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Holocaust

...to escape would be shot. After sharing the story with Simon, the soldier explained how guilty he felt and asked Simon for forgiveness. This was a question that Simon could not and did not know how to answer, so he walked out of the room. The question still harasses Simon, wondering what he should have done in that situation. In his narrative, he asked many different essayists for their thoughts, and with that he received many answers. Dith Pran, a witness and a survivor of the Cambodian killing fields, is one of many that wrote a response to Simon Wiesenthal. In his response, he says that the key to forgiveness is understanding. Pran believes that the soldiers are the ones who are forgivable. He could “never forgive or forget what the top leadership of the Khmer Rouge has done to (him), (his) family, or friends (pg. 230).” It was the leaders who brainwashed everybody and were the “brains behind a sadistic plot (pg. 231).” Pran also says that he “always felt the soldiers were trapped … they were taught to kill … More importantly that they were forced...

Words: 806 - Pages: 4