...Response to Breast Cancer? My report covers the study of the “Impact of Stress on Immune Response of Breast Cancer Women After Mastectomy” conducted by the American Journal of Nursing Science. The study was conducted to examine whether stress influences immune responses in patients following breast cancer diagnosis and surgery. 60 women diagnosed with breast cancer agreed to be part of the study, they were between the ages of 45-55 years old and were scheduled to have a mastectomy. Before beginning their adjuvant therapy, all subjects completed an evaluation involving (1) Stress Assessment Scale (2) Immune Response Assessment Questionnaire. They took a 60-mL blood sample from each patient and subjected it many test including a panel of natural killer (NK) cell and T-lymphocyte assays. They then recorded personal data such as age, sex, level of education, occupation, marital status, monthly income, and their family situation to test the contribution of psychological stress in predicting immune function. Women who undergo chronic stress, such as the diagnosis and surgical treatment of breast cancer, often experience adjustment difficulties and biologic effects. This stress can affect the immune system, possibly reducing the ability to resist disease progression and metastatic spread. As stated in the American Journal of Nursing Science “The immune system is important to cancer women in many ways. The cancer can weaken the immune...
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...a very scary thing, but what I find scarier than that is Chemotherapeutic treatments are not cures for diseases, they are simply treatments. And yes I used the word diseases and not cancer nor types of cancer. Chemo is used for more than cancer even though it actually cures nothing. One of the most well known diseases that chemo is used to treat (aside from cancers) is an autoimmune disease called lupus. Chemo being used to treat Lupus is better know due to Selena Gomez being diagnosed with Lupus an Autoimmune disease, though some people think Lupus is a try of cancer due to the chemo( it’s not) but I digress. Chemo may not always be what is best for someone who has been given the option...
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...Prevention of Breast Cancer Abstract Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women according to the National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer research has found no cure and treatments vary in effectiveness. Objectives This paper will review some of the various conventional and natural prevention methods of breast cancer and evaluate the effectiveness and risks of each. Methods/Design Published studies on early detection , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical activity and diet were reviewed. Opposing studies and risks of each were also sought and reviewed. Major Findings All methods were found to have a positive effect on reducing the risk of breast cancer except for early detection. All methods were also found to have a negative effect on breast cancer risk or have risks of other health problems except for physical activity and thermography. Conclusion Studies show that early detection does not prevent breast cancer and moderate physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer. All other methods have conflicting studies . Early Detection: Early detection is the most recommend method for the prevention of breast cancer, however it does not prevent breast cancer but studies show it can reduce the death rate of breast cancer. Mammography the most used and accurate form of non-evasive early detection will be examined in this paper as well as thermography, a new alternative to mammogram screenings. ...
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...Deadliest Cancers There are over 200 types of cancers. Many are very deadly, while others are fightable. The least deadly is testicular cancer with an estimated death per year is 380 out of 8,720 men, survival percentage is 98%. The next is skin cancer, in the U.S. there are an estimated 76,380 people diagnosed each year, 10,130 people die from the 76,380 diagnosed, survival percentage 89%. Those are only a few of the least deadly, but what is the survival percentage of the deadliest? Some of the most deadly cancers are Non-Small Cell Lung, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer, and Pancreatic Cancer. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death in cancer, with an estimated 1.59 million deaths total...
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...Mores 1 Schae Mores Mrs. Foley AP Language & Composition 1/18/11 How Popular Culture Runs the World At age 14 girls are already wearing make up, todays fashion for girls is the shorter and tighter the better for boys, its show as much underwear as possible, and both music and T.V. are filled with explicit words and adult content. The younger genertation of America is influeced solely by popular culture. So, does that make Popular culture bad?, Shady? ad maybe a bad influence? The answer is yes to all the above, however; its great that America even allows freedom of speech and freedom of expression and all the blame can't be put only on popular culture. Popular culture is any where and everywhere. Its present as soon as you awake. Look in your closet what made you buy the clothes you wear, look at your music library how did you choose all those songs you have, turn on ur T.V what show did you watch last night? Popular culture in America is extremely crucial on the young minds of the world. Look on T.V Jersey Shore is most likely the number one watched show by adolescent teens. Teenagers idolize these people and their messages which are, to drink get wasted, party all night, and be as sleezy as you can be. Sex is a major icon in everything today for example its in music, definetly on T.V, definetly in movies, and believe it or not the clothes most teenagers where can be veiwed as sexual because of the shortness and tightness girls go for today. how could any of these reasons...
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...By definition, A public Health Disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease,injury,violence,or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantage population.Health disparities are inequitable, and directly related to the historical, and current unequal distribution of social,political,economic,and environmental resources. Health disparities result from multiple factors,including,Poverty.Environmental threads.Inadequate access to health care.Individual and Behavioral factors.Education inequalities Black Women have Higher Death rate from breast cancer than other women..Nearly 40,000 women die every year from breast cancer.Black women are %40 more likely to die from Brest cancer than white women. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths,among women in the US.The reason for this fact is because of the fewer economical and social resources,genetic,and lack of information,in compare to the aggressiveness of the cancer.The federal Government and the health facilities should play a big rule by implementing the affordable care act, and to educate the women about the preventive benefit and coverage provided by the law, including coverage of mammograms with out co-pay,beginning in 2014.Increase the programs that raise up the knowledge and the awareness among these women such as ,The early detection programs,and the follow up care. The local health agencies,the medical field personnel,Doctors and Nurses,have the...
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...character is Jack McKee, who is a gifted but arrogant surgeon. He cares little about the emotional welfare of his patients and is little more than a benign stranger to his wife Anne and his son Nicky. He has been suffering from a nagging cough for some time, and when he begins coughing up blood one morning, he finally allows another doctor to take a look at him. The doctor discovers that he has a malignant tumor in his throat that could rob him of the ability to speak, or even kill him. He now becomes a patient instead of a doctor, and learns first hand about the long stretches in the waiting room, the indignity of filling out pointless forms, and the callous attitude of the professional medical community. He also gets to know June, a terminal cancer patient whose joyous embrace of life as her time draws to a close is an inspiration to him. After recovery, Jack becomes more determined to be a caring healer and strives to be a better husband and father. But his new outlook on life turns former friends into foes, and dislike co-workers in to friends. His fellow surgeon Murray, who wants Jack to lie under oath for him in a major malpractice case becomes an enemy when Jack refuses to testify on his behave at the trail. He also gains a new respect for Eli, an ear-nose-throat man he used to ridicule for his empathetic treatment of his patients, who performed the surgery to safe his ability to speak and voice. Through out the movie,...
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...Genetic testing is a scientific process in which an individual’s DNA can be screened for mutations or variations that may cause certain diseases or dysfunctions. It is my opinion that standard genetic testing for disease or the predisposition to disease is purely beneficial. Having clear answers as to whether or not a person may carry a higher risk for some diseases may in fact save their life, or the lives of their current or future children. However, over the years of development of the science, more and more controversial types of testing have developed. In this paper, the science of genetic testing will be introduced by going through a brief history, the different types of genetic testing available, as well as the controversies that surround them. History Genetic testing had a very positive and productive start. The first usage of Genetic Testing occurred over half a century ago, beginning with the testing of infants for PKU, or Phenylketonuria, “an inborn error of metabolism in which an amino acid buildup in the blood causes mental retardation.” (Lewis) To test infants, a drop of blood was taken from their heel while at the hospital after birth. If a child was found positive for PKU, dietary treatment was used to prevent loss of brain function. Testing was reliable and results were accurate. The disease being tested for was easily treatable, and every child that came through was tested without a problem. (Lewis) In the 1970’s, doctors began the process of testing...
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...The chronic disease that I have chosen to write about is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a group of cancer cells that starts in the cells of the breast. It is a malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body. Now for females breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for them and can even happen for guys. This pertains to both genders males and females, who are born with some breast cells and tissue that can become a possibility where it can develop into cancer. But, for guys it is very rare for them to get breast cancer and with a number of guys that can get diagnosed with breast cancer each year is 2,190. Risk factors are anything that affects your chance of getting a disease like getting breast cancer. These are some risk factors of getting breast cancer like being young when you have your first period, having menopause at a very late age, by being older at the birth of your first child, being able to never give birth, not able to breast feed your child, getting older, having a family history of breast cancer being passed down to their children, being overweight can increase the risk for breast cancer after menopause, drinking alcohol more than once a day, and not getting any exercise for your body. But, if people did not know this risk factors do not tell us everything that we need to know which not every single detail is pertaining to that disease. Having a risk factor does not always mean that...
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...In this day and age, people of all races and sex’s, are becoming increasingly overweight. This main problem stems a number of medical and economical concerns as the “obese” continue to suffer greater probability of heart disease, high blood pressure, and reduced work productivity. It is obvious that this matter cannot continue lest the world be strained by easily averted medical disasters. I wholeheartedly believe that society would be better off without them and even better then that if they are put to use. Therefore I propose that anyone that is currently in the obese category, along with those that enter after my proposal take effect, shall be rounded up and put into work camps. When the obese first enter the camps, their weight shall be taken and recorded into official records for future use. After the check in process is complete, the workers will be delegated to a variety of manual labor jobs that would seem “unpleasant” to the average weight individual. The work itself will be beneficial to society. For example, employers will not have to pay reluctant workers by the hour to slack off most of the day but instead be able to train them for more skilled positions of the workforce. These now skilled average weight workers will prove more effective in society and thus contribute to a growing economy. Also, the manual labor will contribute to the better health of those obese. By getting into better shape, these individuals will reduce their risk of various medical conditions...
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...Justin Thomas Research Paper ENGL 1302 P. K. Muana 3 January 2012 “Radiation and Cancer: The Connection between Cell Phone Use and Brain Cancer” According to a Baltimore neurologist, Christopher J. Newman, Motorola is the cause a life frightening tumor that has developed overtime in his brain. Newman sues Motorola for “a direct and proximate result of the defective and unreasonably dangerous condition of the relevant products” (Parascandola). The court system and scientist are feuding on the matter of using scientific data as evidence in court cases. The courts argue whether or not the data is applicable and reliable. Hence, the association of cellular phone radiation and brain cancer is still under dispute on whether there is a correlation in between the two. Worldwide there are over 4.3 billion cell phone users (web). This substantial number of cell phone users also causes generous amount of radiation to be generated. The radiation that is discharged through these devices is to as radio frequency (RF) energy. The measure of RF energy that is taken in by users is known as its Specific Absorption Rate or SAR. SAR is what researchers use to compare radiation given off by cell phones to cancerous tumors. Scientist research the amount of SAR that is exposed in different mobile phone models. For a phone to pass the Federal Communication Commission its SAR must be less than 1.6 W/kg (web). Researchers from CNET in 2007 did a study to show the quantity...
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...Aldous Huxley captures the effect of the application of scientific methods to procedures in the modern American society to a more substantial degree than ever, recognized by readers of his novel, Brave New World. This portrays a world centered around scientific progress and control. Huxley brings to light the extremity of influence given to Americans by revolutionary science. In an effort to forever improve, society has conformed to many ways of fixing imperfections. From surgeries and medications for honest sicklings to injections for greedy, pretentious abusers, people as a whole have transformed from the good ole days to the fast-paced, materialistic world. While discoveries in science are often for the benefit of society, is it possible that these newfound treasures are actually a preface for rot and ruin? Since most little girls could remember, the only way it seemed plausible to become successful was by living in the body of Cinderella or Barbie or Miss America. As they began to mature, nothing changed. The image remained as a beautiful bag of bones when media and celebrities were constantly thrown in their face. In the past, if they didn’t have “the look”, they were left hopeless and self-conscious. Thankfully, some idiot decided they would abuse the power of nature and science by providing these girls with an answer to their prayers. Plastic Surgery! What they didn’t account for was the impact. Now, not only were the glamorous allowed to have the image, everyone was-again...
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...Why Marijuana should be legalized I believe marijuana as a drug is wrong but at the same time I can’t overlook its helpful benefits to those in pain from an illness. Marijuana can be used to help one calm down or relieve stress that has built up throughout the day. Smoking tobacco also helps with stress and has a higher risk of causing mouth cancer, throat cancer, or lung cancer then smoking weed. Legalizing Marijuana means we can treat the problem of drug abuse as a medical problem not a criminal one. It is estimated that the United States government spends $10 billion dollars a year in its attempts to keep Marijuana off the street, while the State of California has revenue of 14 billion annually for the production of its legalized medicinal Marijuana.5If Marijuana is legalized The U.S. can tax the revenues and will have additional fund that can be used for awareness of the drugs affects and treatment. During the prohibition of alcohol during the 1920's the Mafia could produce alcohol and had a considerable control over others who wanted it. The role that the Mafia played in the 1920's has transformed into the corner drug dealers and drug cartel of the 1990's. Legalization will result in a decrease in deaths and violence due to the unregulated black-market trade or Marijuana. 1 out of 6 people in jail are in for non-violent drug offenses6. Prisons are overcrowded and it is very costly to keep people in prison. Legalizing Marijuana would make room for more violent offenders...
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...that children of mother in Klamath County were 1.5 times more likely to caries free than the children of mothers of other counties. • Is the information relevant to the topic? Yes, the information is very much relevant to the topic. The tests conducted and the graphs produced from statistical analysis show the results as positive. • Does the information reflect a bias on the author’s part? If so, what is the bias? No. the authors have been unbiased in their study and research. They have not taken sides of any particular County and have not projected fabricated results. The research and the tests conducted are genuine and factual. Source 2 • Author: Reynolds, Sharon • Date: Sep 25 2007 • Title: Targeting blood cancers at the source. • Publication: US Department of...
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...Addison’s Disease Addisonian Anemia Albright’s Syndrome Alport’s Syndrome Alzheimer’s Argyll-Robertson Pupil Arnold-Chiari Malformation Barrett’s Bartter’s Syndrome Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy Bell’s Palsy Berger’s Disease Bernard-Soulier Disease Berry Aneurysm Bowen’s Disease Brill-Zinsser Disease Briquet’s Syndrome Broca’s Aphasia Brown-Sequard Bruton’s Disease Budd-Chiari Buerger’s Disease Burkitt’s Lymphoma Caisson Disease Chagas’ Disease Chediak-Higashi Disease Conn’s Syndrome Cori’s Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Crohn’s Curling’s Ulcer Cushing’s Cushing’s Ulcer de Quervain’s Thyroiditis Primary adrenocortical deficiency Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells → ↓IF → ↓Vit B12 → megaloblastic anemia) Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness Progressive dementia • Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral) • “Prostitute’s Eye” – accommodates but does not react • Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis • Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (↑ risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux Hyperreninemia Similar to Duchenne, but less severe (mutation, not a deficiency, in dystrophin protein) CNVII palsy (entire face; recall...
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