...Smoking and Lung Cancer Most people are aware of the fact that smoking causes lung cancer but people hardly know how or why the cancer develops. What does tobacco contains that gives the smoker the deadly disease of lung cancer? How many packs a day and for how long does a person have to smoke in order for him or her to develop this cancer? Are there any other conditions that are caused by smoking besides lung cancer? According to Jonathan Foulds in the article “Smoking and Lung Cancer,” the smoke contains dangerous chemicals such as benzopyrene and methylnitrosamino which are deposited into the lungs. Further, the chemicals cause DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammation which end into malignant tumor growth (Foulds). Lung cancer destroys the respiratory tract from the mouth to the alveoli; in addition, major organs of the body are affected. Symptoms of lung cancer are coughing with blood in sputum, fever, and chest pain (Foulds). There are three main methods by which lung cancer may be diagnosed. According to Mark H. Beers of The Merck Manual of Medical Information, an x-ray of the chest, CAT scan, or biopsy may be done to diagnose lung cancer. Lung cancer is usually detected at a late stage, which does not give an individual many options for treatment. The treatment options include quitting smoking, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, oxygen therapy, and surgery (Beers). The purpose of this paper is to examine smoking and lung cancer by summarizing two articles on the topic...
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...Final Essay Prostate Cancer Terry L. Miller COM/156 Sunday June 1, 2014 Amanda Kosmus Prostate Cancer Treatments, Breakthroughs, and Survival Rates By: Terry L. Miller It is almost a given that everybody knows somebody who has been diagnosed with Prostate Cancer, or will be diagnosed with it sometime in the future. Being diagnosed with Prostate Cancer is no longer considered a death sentence and does not have to keep one from living a long life. What if one were told that a new treatment was available to totally wipe out the early stages of Prostate Cancer? Would anyone believe it? Well they need to, because it is true and under clinical trials here in the United States. “High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound” (HIFU) will do just that. The (HIFU) treatment destroys cancer cells by heating them with highly focused ultrasonic beams. “Sipuleucel-T” (Provenge), is a treatment vaccine that has also been proven effective, and recently received FDA approval. These two treatments alone have advanced Prostate Cancer treatments considerably. In 1975, the yearly Prostate Cancer diagnosis rate for new cases was 94 out of every 1000,000 men. The rate in which they died in the same year, was 31 men dying out of every 1000,000. Let us move forward to the year of 2007. In 2007, the yearly Prostate Cancer rate for new cases was 166 out of every 100,000. Also in 2007, the...
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...Trevor Johnson Professor Culbert Composition I 8 April 2016 Research Paper: Indoor Tanning Bed For the past twenty years, it has become very apparent that indoor tanning beds damages skin. Based on scientific research tanning can also lead to blinding eye diseases and have many other negative effects. The prolonged use of indoor tanning facilities has resulted in serious chronic conditions for the users. “The indoor tanning business has been one of the fastest growing industries in the United States, with $5 billion in estimated annual revenue (Woo, Eide par. 3).” When driving through any community or city you will almost always see a sign or window, maybe even more than one, which says “Tanning” thus making it very accessible for many women or men of any age. The reason behind this growth? Around twenty to forty percent of white females 18 years old to 25 use indoor tanning facilities (Rabbitt p. 2). Many high schoolers have picked up on this wave of increase by tanning for things such as prom, summer and even just to fit in with the social norms. “One fifth of girls in grades 9 through 12 have bathed in ultraviolet rays from a tanning device within the past year…(Ban the Tan par. 2).” Reports show that many women say tanning is addicting because of the “desire to achieve an attractive look and trim, and for warmth, light, and relaxation (Woo, Eide p. 63).” Also ladies believe that tanning beds will you give you the vitamin C needed for the day, while tanning will...
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...Ovarian cancer has become the deadliest cancer of the reproductive system. Why might this be? It is because it is not caught until the cancer has metastasized. The age prevalence of developing ovarian cancer is becoming younger with more woman waiting to have their first child in their thirties. Infertility has been associated with increased risk of developing ovarian cancer; whether infertility is a physical issue or a choice to wait to have kids, the risk is present with the fewer pregnancies total. Ovarian Cancer has been linked to BRCA gene that is found in breast cancer; therefore women with the BRCA gene are in danger of getting both. Cancer treatments, like chemotherapy, are causing women to be infertile. Women then must be aware about...
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...Alexa Anastasi December 8, 2014 English 1A Research Paper Diet and Cancer: The Fascinating Connection What’s on your plate? That seems to be the overwhelming question in today’s society filled with both health food conscious people and those individuals who do not care and eat junk food most of the time. However what most of these people do not realize is that they are not only jeopardizing their health and decreasing their life expectancy but they are also increasing their chances of getting some form of cancer in their lifetime. The individuals who fuel their bodies with high calorie sugary drinks, fats and processed meats are not doing their bodies any justice they are just fueling the dormant cancer cells in their bodies to run rampant throughout their body and causing something that could have been easily prevented with a change in diet. On the flip side, the health conscious people in the world are already ten times more protected from cancer because of the healthy lifestyle choices they make every day! Don’t be a contributor to America’s high cancer rate, be a game changer and live your life to the fullest with little possibility of cancer, all you have to do is eat those delicious and nutritious fruits and vegetables that can be found all around you! Why would you want to put another hamburger or hot dog in your mouth knowing it has the potential to kill you? I know I wouldn’t because I love my body too much and you should too! So climb on board and let me...
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...Abstract Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest brain tumors. It is commonly found among adults (more commonly in men) over 50 years old. Children and younger adults are susceptible to another, less aggressive form of glioblastoma. This tumor part of the astrocytomas family and is initially formed from glial cells in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. It differs significantly from other brain tumors in terms of how quickly the cells grow, how often the tumors recur, and the treatment options. Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, confusion, and seizures. Doctors can test the patients for whether or not they have the tumor through MRIs, biopsies, and CT scans. Following diagnosis, patients undergo a craniotomy, followed by chemotherapy...
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...Identification of Community The community to be discussed is Oklahoma County, Oklahoma which is located in central Oklahoma. Oklahoma County seats 20 different cities and town. As of the 2013 census there were 755,245 residents in Oklahoma County. Oklahoma County is 718 Square miles with a population density of approximately 1,013 people per square mile. The average housing density is approximately 416 per square mile. The county consists of a lot of open land, rivers, lakes, and ponds. The City of Oklahoma City is by far the largest in the county consisting mainly of urban development with homes and commercial properties close together. Cities like Choctaw, Oklahoma have a small downtown area but the homes are mostly spread out with approximately 1 acre lots. There is a large variety and diversity within the boundaries of Oklahoma County. Summary of Tools, Description of Community, & Interpretation of Collected Data The tool in which I used to assess the community were Population Economic Status Assessment, Disaster Assessment and Planning, Neighborhood/Community Safety Inventory, Cultural Assessment, Community and Population Health Windshield Survey, and Community and Population Health Scavenger Hunt. From the tool it helped me discover different aspects of the community and identify common health problems. The race diversity in Oklahoma County is quite large and prevalent depending on what part of the community you are in. Some parts of the community are ethnically...
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...Composition I Why is it that smoking pot is so taboo in our society? After all, numerous famous intellectuals support marijuana. Al Gore is considered by many to be the leading figure in climate change awareness and environmental preservation. But few people know that Al Gore also supports the legalization of marijuana. The famed German philosopher Freidrich Nietzche once said, “If one seeks relief from unbearable pressure one is to eat hashish”. The founding father of our nation George Washington, said, “Make the most of the Indian hemp seed, and sow it everywhere!” Marijuana is one of the safest medicinal substances on the planet and is supported by many acclaimed celebrity role models. Famous Hollywood actor Johnny Depp says, “I’m not a big pothead or anything like that… but weed is much, much less dangerous than alcohol”. Other well known supporters of marijuana include Snoop Dogg, all of the Marley family, Neil Young, Willie Nelson, Michael Phelps, Chris Farley, Al Gore, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Nietzsche, Barack Obama, John Adams, James Madison, JFK, and of course myself. A total of 11 United States presidents either grew, smoked, or supported the legalization of Marijuana. With the support of some of the greatest thinkers and world leaders of all time it’s a wonder that marijuana is still illegal. “Government ties is really why the government lies” – Immortal Technique. Common Misconceptions about marijuana are set about by high end government officials who...
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...Klebold did enjoy playing a game called Doom, which is licensed by the American military for the purpose of training soldiers to kill effectively. Harris had customized his own version of this game and put it up on his website, which was later tracked by The Simon Wisenthal Center. This version of the game had two shooters with an unlimited supply of weapons and ammunition, and their targets lacked the ability to retaliate. A class project required them to make a video of themselves similar to the game, and in it, they dressed in trench coats, armed with weapons, and conduct the massacre of school athletes. Less than one year had gone by when Harris and Klebold played their videotape out, in real life, and became the protagonists of the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history (Anderson & Dill 772). There is nothing new about the presence of violence in our tools of entertainment. Whether they were ancient Greek dramas, theatre in the Elizabethan era or the modern electronic dramas of today, a healthy dose of violence was never missing. In Macbeth for instance, Shakespeare showed Macbeth’s head being brought on stage at the end of the play. The Great Train Robbery, an 11-minute film...
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...Monsanto Paper By Raikirat Sohi MBA 505 Foundation of Management A. Hetro Jay S. Sidhu School of Business and Management November 18, 2014 COMPANY HISTORY AND PROFILE Monsanto is one of the Fortune 500 Company with its headquarters located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. It employs 21183 employee globally providing 146 facilities in In USA alone, it employees 10277 employees distributing 404 facilities over 66 countries (Monsanto, 2014). It is an American multinational agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation. It serves its customers with products ranging from agricultural and vegetable seeds, plant biotechnology traits to crop protection chemicals. In present times it is the leading manufacturer of genetically engineered seeds and herbicide glyphosate marketed under brand name round up (Monsanto, 2014). It was founded in 1901by John F. Queeny with his wife Olga Monsanto Queeny. The first produce that was manufactured by this company was saccharin (the artificial sweetener) that was sold to Coca-Cola Company. By 1905, Monsanto benefitted ad progressed through the sale of vanillin and caffeine. During the time of World war 2 Monsanto was unable to import chemicals that were needed by them from Europe so in order to compensate that it started producing chemicals on its own. Monsanto went public in Stock exchange in 1929. During this era of 1920’s Monsanto expanded in chemical industries producing sulphuric acid and PCB’s. Monsanto’s first PCB manufacturing...
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...Cloning for Medical Research The subject of human cloning has many different points of view. The utilization of human cloning for the sake of medical research is a path that we, as guardians of the future, should stand up against in an effort to preserve the human race as we know it today. The topic of cloning has many different terminologies as well as types. What is cloning? Cloning is not limited just to humans but is actually all around us. It exists in nature, animals and humans. Cloning is defined as the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing human or growing cloned tissue from that individual. This term is generally used to refer to artificial cloning; human clones in the form of identical twins are commonplace, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction. “Human cloning is the asexual production of a human being whose genetic makeup is nearly identical to that of a currently or previously existing individual” (Chesire et al., 2003, p. 1010). To be successful with cloning, scientists utilize and create “generic” cells that that have the ability to make exact duplicates or copies of themselves indefinitely. This process is known as “stem cell research.” Stem cells are a key element of the different types of cloning and will impact advances in helping to cure many different types of diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, spinal cord injury, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and cancer. Before we can discuss...
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...U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug review bears a structural similarity to many decisions made by other regulatory agencies: high uncertainty, low reversibility, avoidance of observable error, and high political stakes that induce lobbying by interested parties. This project explores the policy lessons to be learned from viewing FDA drug review as a politically shaped exercise in information processing. I argue that the incentives facing regulators induce limits on the degree to which drug review can be accelerated, that the same incentives could render privatization initiatives problematic, and that political pressures could play a useful role in identifying priority drugs. Patients, more than pharmaceutical firms, shape the political costs to the FDA of delaying drug approval. Consider two hypothetical consumers, one a pharmaceutical consumer (“patient”) who wishes to try a new drug for some ailment, the other a vitamin consumer who wishes to take zinc supplements to ward off a cold or flu. There are few institutional restrictions upon the consumption decisions of the vitamin consumer, at least in the United States. She is free to purchase vitamin products over the counter, and the vitamin manufacturer is free to sell them without prior authorization or licensing. Not so with pharmaceuticals. The marketplace for pharmaceuticals is one of the most highly regulated industries in the U.S. economy.1 To use any new pharmaceutical product, the patient must secure the...
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...Family Nursing Diagnosis Susan Kenney, RN NUR/405 June 9, 2014 Beth Edwards, MSN, FNP-BC Family assessment, roles and structure The family I have been working with consists of three sisters who live in a house owned by the eldest of the three, C.H. C.H. is a 64 year old Caucasian female who was born with cerebral palsy and mental retardation. She has never been able to walk, and her mentation never progressed past the age of an approximately 4 year old child. She lived at home with her parents and two sisters and one brother until the age of 11 when she was institutionalized in a facility notorious for the mistreatment and neglect of its residents. The facility has long since closed, and in 1991, C.H. was placed with our organization, Community Vision Inc. (CVI). Her parents were both deceased by that time, and her sister D.H.C. assumed legal guardianship, with sister N.W. helping with her needs. CVI is a non-profit organization that assists disabled individuals to live as independently as possible, and enables them to purchase and live in their own homes if possible. We provide caregivers and in collaboration with social services and interdisciplinary personnel facilitate the supported individual to live to their maximum potential. Each person has their own individual service plan with health, safety, and vocational goals, and staffing is provided as required to meet the individual’s needs. Assessment of C.H. and her living situation The home the sisters...
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...CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT Unit 46 Assignment Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2 I. The development of global, European and national policies relating to sustainability. 2 1. Changing attitudes of public, politicians and businesses to the environment since 1945 .................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Brundtland definition of ‘sustainable development’ .................................................. 4 3. The international and UK policies to sustainable development since Earth Summit of 1992 ................................................................................................................................ 4 4. Triple bottom line........................................................................................................ 5 II. The commercial case for considering social and environmental matters in business management .......................................................................................................................... 6 1. 2. 3. Stakeholders and how they impact on business policies ........................................... 6 Is adopting CSR policies cost-saving? .......................................................................... 7 Primark Ethical Trading ................................
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...New York City The first native New Yorkers were the Lenape, an Algonquin people who hunted, fished and farmed in the area between the Delaware and Hudson rivers. Europeans began to explore the region at the beginning of the 16th century--among the first was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian who sailed up and down the Atlantic coast in search of a route to Asia--but none settled there until 1624. That year, the Dutch West India Company sent some 30 families to live and work in a tiny settlement on “Nutten Island” (today’s Governors Island) that they called New Amsterdam. In 1626, the settlement’s governor general, Peter Minuit, purchased the much larger Manhattan Island from the natives for 60 guilders in trade goods such as tools, farming equipment, cloth and wampum (shell beads). Fewer than 300 people lived in New Amsterdam when the settlement moved to Manhattan. But it grew quickly, and in 1760 the city (now called New York City; population 18,000) surpassed Boston to become the second-largest city in the American colonies. Fifty years later, with a population 202,589, it became the largest city in the Western hemisphere. Today, more than 8 million people live in the city’s five boroughs. New York City in the 18th Century In 1664, the British seized New Amsterdam from the Dutch and gave it a new name: New York City. For the next century, the population of New York City grew larger and more diverse: It included immigrants from the Netherlands, England, France and Germany;...
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