Systems Analysis and Design, 9e (Kendall/Kendall)
Chapter 1 Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies

1.1 Multiple Choice

1) Which of these software packages are not open source software (OSS)?
A) Microsoft Windows
B) Mozilla Firefox Web browser
C) Apache Web server
D) a Linux operating system
Answer: A
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2) Which of these characteristics is most important to a systems analyst?
A) communicator
B) problem solver
C) programmer
D) project manager
Answer: B
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3) Which of these statements concerning the systems development life cycle is true?
A) Designing the system is the first step in the SDLC.
B) No phase can occur until the previous phase is completed.
C) Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step.
D) There is widespread agreement that the SDLC is composed of seven phases.
Answer: C
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4) System maintenance must be performed to:
A) correct software errors.
B) add new features that have never been requested before.
C) remove features that none of the users are using.
D) keep programmers employed.
Answer: A
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5) Which of these is not used by analysts when adopting CASE tools?
A) communicating more effectively with users
B) expediting the local area network
C) increasing productivity
D) integrating the work done during life cycle stages
Answer: B
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6) An encyclopedia that is used to store all project information is called:
A) a data dictionary.
B) an upper CASE tool.
C) a CASE repository.
D) a lower CASE tool.
Answer: C
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7) Which of the following is not a dimension used to categorize an open source community?
A) programming style
B) environment
C) user community
D) licensing
Answer: A
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8) When program software is distributed free with the code or computer instructions available for anyone to modify, it is called:
A) freeware.
B) code independent software.
C) a distributed system.
D) open source software.
Answer: D
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9) Object-oriented approaches use what industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems?
A) artificial intelligence
B) a distributed system
C) the unified modeling language
D) multiview
Answer: C
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10) Which of the following is not one of the fundamental components of the agile approach?
A) pressure
B) values
C) principles
D) core practices
Answer: A
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11) Which of the following is not one of the four values of the agile approach?
A) communication
B) expertise
C) simplicity
D) courage
Answer: B
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12) Which of the following is a human need taken into account when considering the human-computer interaction?
A) the hardware that the system will run on
B) the pleasing, aesthetic and enjoyable aspects of using the system
C) the amount of training that will be required
D) the kind of monitoring that will take place for compliance
Answer: B
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13) Which of these is a reason for an organization to participate in open source communities?
A) to maintain mutually beneficial relationships with other software developers
B) to keep down the development costs on a project
C) to increase productivity by leveraging a committed group of developers
D) All of the above.
Answer: D
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14) Decision makers are beginning to understand that ________ is not just a byproduct of conducting business, but a critical factor in determining the success or failure of a business.
A) information
B) decoration
C) hesitation
D) frustration
Answer: A
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15) As a(n) ________, an analyst draws on professional expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business.
A) supporting expert
B) consultant
C) programmer
D) agent of change
Answer: A
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16) The most prominent quality of an analyst is that of a(n) ________.
A) problem solver
B) consultant
C) programmer
D) agent of change
Answer: A
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17) The ________ summarizes what has been found during the systems analysis phase, provides cost/benefit analyses of alternatives, and makes recommendations on what should be done.
A) systems proposal
B) database design
C) template
D) development life cycle
Answer: A
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18) The ________ contains input and output layouts, file specifications, and processing details for programmers.
A) program specifications packet
B) software development life cycle
C) programming guidelines
D) map
Answer: A
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19) One important justification for CASE tools is to increase analyst ________.
A) confidence
B) productivity
C) skill
D) None of the above
Answer: B
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20) ________ is the layer of the computer that is between humans and the computer.
A) Cybernetics
B) Human computer interface
C) The keyboard
D) Human computer interaction
Answer: D
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21) Software that is distributed free along with the program source code is called ________.
A) closed source software
B) open source software
C) Microsoft Windows
D) out source software
Answer: B
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22) The ________ is based on values, principles and core practices.
A) fragile approach
B) open source approach
C) closed source approach
D) agile approach
Answer: D
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23) The most comprehensive and responsible role that the systems analyst takes on is that of a(n) ________.
A) agent of change
B) compromiser
C) leader
D) consultant
Answer: A
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24) The ________ is a phased approach to analysis and design that holds that systems are best developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities.
A) systems development life cycle
B) agile approach
C) object-oriented approach
D) open source approach
Answer: A
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25) After the system is installed, it must be ________, meaning that the computer programs must be modified and kept up to date.
A) maintained
B) replaced
C) replicated
D) CASE'd
Answer: A
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26) ________ is an approach that is intended to facilitate the development of systems that must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.
A) Agile method
B) Systems development life cycle
C) Object-oriented analysis and design
D) Open source approach
Answer: C
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27) ________ are those for which the conditions, condition alternatives, actions, and action rules can be determined.
A) Useful decisions
B) Sequential decisions
C) System-wide decisions
D) Structured decisions
Answer: D
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28) The design phase also includes designing ________ that will store much of the data needed by decision makers in the organization.
A) databases
B) flow charts
C) spreadsheets
D) software design models
Answer: A
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29) Maintenance is performed:
A) to correct software errors.
B) to enhance the system and its capabilities in response to changing organizational needs.
C) Both A and B.
D) Neither A nor B.
Answer: C
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30) Which of the following do not describe how analysts use CASE tools?
A) decrease maintenance costs
B) increase productivity
C) communicate more effectively with users
D) integrate the work that they do on the system from the beginning to the end of the life cycle
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

31) A CASE ________ is a large collection of records, elements, diagrams, screens, reports, and other information stored about a particular project.
A) repository
B) database
C) flow chart
D) booklet
Answer: A
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32) The four values of the agile approach are:
A) communication, simplicity, user centered design and courage.
B) communication, courage, principals and core practices.
C) communication, values, feedback, and courage.
D) communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.
Answer: D
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33) Object-oriented approaches use the industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems, called ________ to break down a system into a use case model.
A) Extensible Markup Language (XML)
B) HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
C) Unified Modeling Language (UML)
D) Vector Markup Language (VML)
Answer: C
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34) The agile approach and the ________ approach both allow subsystems to be built one at a time until the entire system is complete.
A) systems development life cycle
B) unified modeling
C) try and try again
D) object-oriented
Answer: D
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35) An analyst should choose the Systems Development Life Cycle approach when:
A) systems have already been developed and documented using SDLC.
B) it is important to document each step of the way.
C) upper-level management feels more comfortable or safe using SDLC.
D) there are adequate resources and time to complete the full
SDLC.
E) communication of how new systems work is important.
F) All of the above.
G) None of the above.
Answer: F
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1.2 True/False

1) User involvement throughout the systems project is of little importance in the successful development of business information systems.
Answer: FALSE
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2) The three primary roles of the systems analyst are as consultant, supporting expert, and change agent.
Answer: TRUE
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3) When analysts are hired specifically from outside the business to address information systems issues within a business, they are acting as supporting experts.
Answer: FALSE
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4) Each phase of the system development life cycle is accomplished as a discrete, separate step.
Answer: FALSE
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5) The first SDLC phase that the analyst enters into is that of determining information requirements for the particular users involved.
Answer: FALSE
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6) A systems proposal is prepared after the analysis of system needs.
Answer: TRUE
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7) During the life cycle of an information system, more time is spend in system maintenance than it took to design and develop the system.
Answer: TRUE
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8) CASE tools have the potential of increasing systems analysts' productivity.
Answer: TRUE
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9) CASE tools can allow the user to easily draw and modify diagrams.
Answer: TRUE
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10) It is the drawing of diagrams rather than in their modification that CASE tools excel over the use of templates.
Answer: FALSE
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11) Object-oriented techniques are used when systems must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.
Answer: TRUE
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12) The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback and courage.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11

13) Open source software is distributed for free and then users pay for updates to the software.
Answer: FALSE
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14) The open source software community is a monoculture, a single unified community.
Answer: FALSE
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15) The human-computer interaction takes into account human frustrations and feelings.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5

16) A systems analyst should never be hired specifically to address information systems issues within a business.
Answer: FALSE
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17) A systems analyst should never draw on professional expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business.
Answer: FALSE
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18) As a systems analyst, you are an agent of change whenever you perform any of the activities in the systems development life cycle and are present and interacting with users and the business for an extended period of time.
Answer: FALSE
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19) Problem solving is never a good quality for a systems analyst.
Answer: FALSE
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20) While using the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), each phase should be completed before a new phase has begun.
Answer: FALSE
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21) When implementing a new system, it is always best to incorporate Human-Computer Interaction considerations.
Answer: TRUE
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22) Another way to think about HCI is to think of it as a human-centered approach that puts people ahead of organizational structure or culture when creating new systems.
Answer: TRUE
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23) The first phase of the systems development life cycle is critical to the success of the rest of the project.
Answer: TRUE
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24) The second phase of the systems development life cycle begins with the documentation of the software being designed.
Answer: FALSE
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25) In the third phase of the systems development life cycle, analysts can use data flow diagrams to chart the input, processes, and output of the business functions.
Answer: TRUE
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26) The three major tools for analyzing structured decisions are structured English, decision tables, and decision trees.
Answer: TRUE
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27) In the design phase of the SDLC, the systems analyst uses the information collected earlier to accomplish the logical design of the information system.
Answer: TRUE
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28) After a system is implemented, businesses spend little money on system maintenance.
Answer: FALSE
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29) CASE tools were created explicitly to improve an analyst's routine work through the use of automated support.
Answer: TRUE
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30) Visible Analyst (VA) is not an example of a CASE tool that enables systems analysts to do graphical planning, analysis, and design in order to build complex client/server applications and databases. Answer: FALSE
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31) The agile approach is a software development approach based on values, principles, and core practices.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11

32) Object-oriented programming differs from traditional procedural programming in that it examines objects that are part of a system.
Answer: TRUE
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33) Object-oriented programming is the same as traditional procedural programming in that it examines objects that are part of a system.
Answer: FALSE
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34) The phases in UML are similar to those in the SDLC.
Answer: TRUE
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35) The SDLC and object-oriented approaches both require extensive planning and diagramming.
Answer: TRUE
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1.3 Short Answer

1) List the three primary roles of the systems analyst.
Answer: The three primary roles of the systems analyst are consultant, supporting expert, and agent of change.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2

2) List four of the seven phases of the systems development life cycle.
Answer: Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives - Determining human information requirements - Analyzing system needs - Designing the recommended system - Developing and documenting software - Testing and maintaining the system - Implementing and evaluating the system
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3) Describe a situation in which an analyst would choose to use object-oriented systems analysis and design rather than the systems development life cycle.
Answer: Students should describe a situation in which the system to be designed must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments or are undergoing continuous maintenance, adaptation and redesign.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 13

4) What is open source software?
Answer: OSS is software where many users and programmers can study, share, and modify the code, or computer instructions.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15

5) What are the four values of the agile approach?
Answer: The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 11