...Prevention of Breast Cancer Abstract Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women according to the National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer research has found no cure and treatments vary in effectiveness. Objectives This paper will review some of the various conventional and natural prevention methods of breast cancer and evaluate the effectiveness and risks of each. Methods/Design Published studies on early detection , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical activity and diet were reviewed. Opposing studies and risks of each were also sought and reviewed. Major Findings All methods were found to have a positive effect on reducing the risk of breast cancer except for early detection. All methods were also found to have a negative effect on breast cancer risk or have risks of other health problems except for physical activity and thermography. Conclusion Studies show that early detection does not prevent breast cancer and moderate physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer. All other methods have conflicting studies . Early Detection: Early detection is the most recommend method for the prevention of breast cancer, however it does not prevent breast cancer but studies show it can reduce the death rate of breast cancer. Mammography the most used and accurate form of non-evasive early detection will be examined in this paper as well as thermography, a new alternative to mammogram screenings. ...
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...BREAST CANCER PREVENTION 1 Breast Cancer Prevention Venita Conley University of Phoenix 2 Breast Cancer Prevention Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women at the age of 45-50. The number of women diagnosed with breast cancer increases every year, but if detected early, the survival rate is better. Breast cancer can also occur in men, but is less common. Breast cancer in men can happen at any age, but is most common in men between the ages of 60 and 70 years old. Statistics reveals that white women are at a higher risk of developing malignant breast cancer than Asians or Hispanics. (Rising Tide, Kft 2009) Breast cancer is the number two cancer killer and the number one female cancer in women age 15 to 54. Early preventive steps and annual breast exams can help in monitoring early signs of breast cancer in women as early as 20 years of age. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. It is also the uncontrollable growth and spread of cells in the breast, and if not controlled can lead to death. There are many types of breast cancers. The three main types of breast cancers are: the first type is Ductal Carcinoma In-Situ which is a type of early breast cancer confined to the inside of the ductal system, and is the most common...
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...Running head: NURSING, AN INTEGRAL PART OF HEALTH PROMOTION Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V September 18, 2011 Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Introduction Everyone in this global society has rights. All humans are born free regardless of race, color or creed. Everyone is entitled to these freedoms. In the pursuit of these freedoms, health is encompassed under these dignities. Everyone on this planet has the right to be healthy. This paper will examine the nurses’ role in helping people attain these rights. What and Why of Health Promotion? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as “a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1998, p. 1). Health promotion is the process of empowering people to expand control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion is an encompassing process- it is social, it is political, it is economical, it is ever-changing. It not only embodies measures focused on strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals to attain their inalienable right to attain optimal health, but it is also directed towards changing global perspective as well. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the factors of health, thereby improving their health (WHO, p. 1). Nursing Roles and Responsibilities Involvement is essential to sustain health promotion...
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...Heath promotion as well-defined by the World Health Organization is the course of empowering individuals to upsurge control over, and to progress health. The theory of wellbeing advancement can be described as the art and science of serving individuals modify their life style attain a state of ideal health (Edelman and Mandle, 2010). This paper will present an integrative review upon the health promotion and its three stages of health prevention. The nursing roles and responsibilities sprouting in health promotion and the implementation of health will also be discussed in this paper. Purpose of Health promotion The goal of health promotion is to stimulate the health behavior of persons and societies and in same manner the physical and operational circumstances that affect their wellbeing. In other words, the aim of health promotion is to emphasis on “to focus on the person's potential for wellness and to encourage him or her to alter personal habits, lifestyle and environment in ways that will reduce risk and enhance health and will being (Smeltzer & Bare, 2006).” The chief motive of nursing in health promotion is to instruct inspire and support the patient to preserve an prevailing class of life by avoiding ailment, decelerating the advancement of a disorder or handling an sickness. Nursing Roles and Responsibilities Nurses have a significant impact in supporting community health. There have...
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...nurses working in the community and public health specifically, can affect care and treatment of pts. Public health nurses (PHN) with appropriate skills can improve the health of communities and populations. Promoting health is complex and nurses require a range of knowledge, skills and experience to become competent health promoters. Nurses in this role can affect positive health outcomes and improve quality of life by increasing a patient’s knowledge of their condition and supporting them in self-management. Nursing programs need to incorporate a greater emphasis on health promotion as there will be a greater need in the future for this type of work. PHN roles are evolving and a main focus is community health promotion and prevention, thus providing new opportunities and job diversity, PHN serve communities and are population-focused. Unique knowledge, competencies, and skills of the PHN are required for this role that encompasses organizing...
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...providing education to patients, but it requires providers and individuals to be assertive in making decisions. First, factors affecting the health care system must be recognized, then strategies for resolutions must be identified, finally individuals and communities must be active and take proper actions for solutions. Regardless of health conditions, health promotion is essential for acquiring and maintaining a better quality of life. Levels of Health Promotion The promotion of health includes preventing any discrepancies in healthy living. There are three levels of prevention involved in health promotion which include primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Each level of prevention has goals for promoting healthy lifestyles. Nurses will encounter many different implementation methods depending upon the level of health promotion. To begin with, “primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction,” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). The goal is to protect healthy people from becoming ill or developing a disease. A nurse’s responsibilities involving primary health promotion would include identifying those at risk, educating, and providing protection from injury or disease. An article concerning women’s heart health was reviewed to...
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...Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION COMPARISON 1 Comparison of the Three Levels of Health Promotion Queeny M. Carmouche Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V-0102 January 19, 2014 Comparison of the Three Levels in Health Promotion in Nursing Practice Health promotion and disease prevention are appropriate for everyone. High-quality health promotion and disease deterrence can slow disease process, improve one’s ability to live independently and lead an active life, even with people with major health issues. During the 1970’s the concern about the physician shortage lead to the expansion of education in the health profession. Health care professionals are at the core of health promotion by engaging in the educational process with the patient. Health promotion and prevention are what will lead the individual to an improved quality of life. Making healthy choices towards health care will impact lives dramatically. The goals for Healthy People 2020 are “1) eliminate preventative disease, disability, injury and premature death; 2) achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities; 3) create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and 4) promote healthy development and healthy behavior at every stage of life.” (Healthy People, 2010). Goals set in Healthy People 2020 are an attempt to create a paradigm shift from traditional care of treating illness to preventative care. Definition of Health Promotion Health promotion...
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...Therefore, the ultimate goal of the health promotion model is to promote a sense of well-being, health maintenance, balance in all aspects of life and not just the absence of disease. (GCU, 2013) According to WHO, health promotion is creating the framework for health for all people in their everyday lives. (Fry & Rissel, 2010). For decades, the primary focus of health care has been on the care of the sick but in present day and time, the focus has broadened to determining the cause of illness and prevention of disease, thus enhancing the quality of life and life expectancy in general which can only be achieved by educating the public in health promotion which includes prevention and early detection. With improved health standards and statistics, health care providers have been able to conduct researches helping them isolate the cause, develop treatment and establish methods to decrease the spread of the disease. General medical research and specific research for the cause and cure of cancer, lung disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, heart disease and many other life threatening conditions continue to be integral parts of health care system in this country. (Christensen & Kockrow, 1991/2006) Government has taken initiatives like Healthy People, to improve...
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...Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION Health Promotion In Nursing H. Rachelle Thompson Grand Canyon University NRS-429V Family Centered Health Promotion August 12, 2012 Health Promotion in Nursing Health promotion comes in many forms and it can be done almost anywhere, in the community, at home, and on even larger scales across the nation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss health promotion as it is defined, as well as it’s purpose, the differing types of health promotion, and the implementation of health promotion, giving consideration to the role of the nurse. Health Promotion With the changing healthcare system and the rise in chronic illnesses and non-communicable diseases there is an increased need to educate the community and patients individually in order to reach optimal levels of wellness. Health promotion occurs not just on the small-scale, by holding yearly flu clinics at the health department, but also on the national scale, such as the push for lifestyle modifications in the fight on obesity that has become politicized (Carter et al., 2011). Health promotion itself can be difficult to define (Peckham, Hann, & Boyce, 2011), but according to Jadelhack the definition of health promotion is “the process which enables people to improve control over the determinants of health and as a result to improve their own health” (2012, p. 65). Purpose The goal of health promotion is to give individuals the knowledge and power to control certain aspects...
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...Comparison of the Three Levels of Health Promotion Queeny M. Carmouche Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V-0102 January 19, 2014 Comparison of the Three Levels in Health Promotion in Nursing Practice Health promotion and disease prevention are appropriate for everyone. High-quality health promotion and disease deterrence can slow disease process, improve one’s ability to live independently and lead an active life, even with people with major health issues. During the 1970’s the concern about the physician shortage lead to the expansion of education in the health profession. Health care professionals are at the core of health promotion by engaging in the educational process with the patient. Health promotion and prevention are what will lead the individual to an improved quality of life. Making healthy choices towards health care will impact lives dramatically. The goals for Healthy People 2020 are “1) eliminate preventative disease, disability, injury and premature death; 2) achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities; 3) create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and 4) promote healthy development and healthy behavior at every stage of life.” (Healthy People, 2010). Goals set in Healthy People 2020 are an attempt to create a paradigm shift from traditional care of treating illness to preventative care. Definition of Health Promotion Health promotion can be defined as “a process of enabling people to increase control over their...
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...2011 Abstract Historically, the United States has been sickness oriented. But in the last twenty years, a new model has surfaced. The new model lays emphasis on wellness rather than sickness. As a result in this change in focus, health promotion is now a fundamental part of nursing profession. This article will review recent literature from three professional sources relative to nursing profession and health promotion. This paper will examine; (a) Definition of health promotion. (b) Purpose of health promotion in nursing practice. (c) Evolving nursing roles and responsibilities in health promotion. (d) Explain the implementation methods for health promotion. (e) Compare the three levels of health promotion prevention. Health promotion is defined as “the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health.” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is to enable people make healthy choices. According Smeltzer & Bare (2006), the purpose of health promotion is to focus on a person’s potential for wellness and to encourage him/her to change her personal habits, lifestyle and environment in a way that it will reduce risk and improve health and wellbeing. Nursing roles and responsibilities have gradually evolved due to changes in the society. Special importance is now attached to preventive, community-based care...
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...Running head: Running head: Health Promotion Among the Hispanic Population Heather Cole Grand Canyon University NRS-429V-0506 December 6, 2014 The Hispanic and Latino population is made up from a combination of people from Spain, Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Spanish speaking nations of Central and South America and the Caribbean. According to the Census Bureau in 2010, 36% of America is part of a racial or ethnic minority group, and 17% of the total population of the United States of America is Hispanic (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). This minority group’s health has many factors affecting it, and like the rest of America the top causes of death are cancer and heart disease. Unlike the rest of America though, another leading cause of death is from injuries (CDC, 2014). Socioeconomically, Hispanic men tend to have higher risk jobs than white men, with more chance of injury, and the homicide rate for Hispanic men is three times that of white men (Escarce, Morales & Rumbaut, 2006). The population of new immigrants is usually part of the lower rungs of our socio economic system. Migrating for work, and living in poverty, they have little to no political power and there is often a fear of those in control (Page-Reeves, Niforatos, Mishra, Regino, Gingrich & Bulten, 2013). In 2012, 23% of students in elementary and high school were Hispanic, but less than 7% were college students (CDC, 2014). Education needs to be prioritized in these communities...
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...1.Please give an example of primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention- Ex- a patient getting their yearly mammogram to detect breast cancer or getting the immunizations. Secondary prevention – Ex a patient getting treatment for an illness (hypertension.) Tertiary prevention- EX is a patient gets care to prevent further progression of a disease like rehab. 2. Give examples of how a nurse would commit the following crimes: Negligence, breach of confidentiality, assault, battery. Negligence- Ex is failing to monitor the patient, improper medication administration and failing to provide a change in patient status. Breach of confidentiality- Ex is giving out patient information to an unauthorized people or leaving open a patient chart. Assault- Ex is threatening a patient by giving them a shot or putting restraints on them. Battery- Ex holding down a patient against their will to get procedures done faster. 3. What is the nurse’s responsibilities regarding advanced directives? * The nurse must make sure that under the client records it must have documentation that they have signed a advanced directive. * The nurse must not be a witness in the advance directive * If the patient revoke the advance directive the nurse must make sure to document and record immediately in the patient chart. 4. What are some factors that increase a client’s risk for infection? Immunocompromised patients , Not isolation precautions...
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...Sentinel University Women’s Health as a group aggregate Community health nursing is crucial to providing communities with essential information about at risk populations and prevention strategies for them. Nurses employ the nursing process to aid in preventing unhealthy behaviors and diseases while promoting good health. The community includes individual people, families, women, men and seniors. The primary focus is prevention of disease and illness and promoting healthy practices in the community (Nies & McEwen, 2011). Past models of community and public health have started with issues that were focused around environmental hazards such as water and sewage issues (Nies & McEwen, 2011). Community health planning was dominated in the 1980’s and 90’s by political administrations (Nies & McEwen, 2011). Current trends now follow the Healthypeople 2020 (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2012) which have outlined a 10 year period of national objectives to improve the lives of all Americans. This paper will focus on the aggregate group of women and the group’s health as a community. Although women and men share health problems, some affect women differently. One example is heart disease where women may experience different symptoms than men. Another example is breast cancer where 12 % of women are at risk of acquiring the disease as opposed to less than 1% of males (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). Women also tend to be...
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...of Health Promotion Over the past decades, the goals of health care have been changed from disease treatment to disease prevention and a lot of theories and models have been applied to increase the quality of care and improve the health. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the definition of health promotion is “The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.” and it includes other factors such as health education, organization, policy, and economy altogether to improve health (Hooyman&Kiyak, 1999). The health promotion model was created for the purpose of providing a sense of security for the individuals, their loved ones, and society to help them to control their illness and their environment giving competence and eventually to give people healthy life not just to cure their diseases. There has been an increasing demand for the roles of nurses as the health care setting has been moving toward prevention of illness. The primary health promotion is targeting to prevention of illness occur which significant related to health education. Nurses have to provide their full range of education and nursing practice. US population has been changed diverse and average lifetime is extending along with the development of technology. The focus of healthcare system is how to reduce the increasing health care cost and prevention of chronic illness, community care rather than acute health care setting which requires for nurses to provide more primary...
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