...Caribbean Human Development Report 2012 Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security Caribbean Human Development Report 2012 Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security Copyright © 2012 by the United Nations Development Programme 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission. ISBN: 9789962688082 Website: http://www.regionalcentrelac-undp.org/en/hdr-caribbean Editors: Robert Zimmermann, Carol Lawes and Nanette Svenson Cover design: Timothy Bootan and Juan Manuel Salazar Design and Layout: Miguel Nova y Vínculos Gráficos Printed in Panama by Inversiones Gumo, S.A. For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing please visit our website. No consultation has been carried out in Guyana. The data on Guyana have been obtained through public sources and the UNDP Citizen Security Survey 2010. Caribbean Human Development Report 2012 Helen Clark Administrator United Nations Development Programme Rebeca Grynspan Associate Administrator United Nations Development Programme Heraldo Muñoz Assistant Administrator and Director of the Regional Bureau for LAC United Nations Development Programme Freddy Justiniano Director a.i. Regional Centre for LAC United Nations Development Programme Niky Fabiancic Deputy Director Regional...
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...has defined modern Caribbean features since colonization, slavery and indentureship (Nurse 2003). The Caribbean has one of the largest diasporic communities in the world, in proportion to population (Stalker 2003). For example, it is estimated that the Cubans and Dominicans in the USA are equivalent to 8% of their respective populations of origin (UNECLAC 2002: 237). And, in some of the mini states in the region like St. Kitts and Nevis, Grenada and Belize, annual labour migration accounts for as much as 12% of their population, thereby transferring their population growth (Mittelman 2000: 60). In addition, the loss of highly educated individuals from the Caribbean was due to the brain drain and the question of migration and remittances and if they could improve the standards of living for the individuals, their families and communities hence, aiding in the development of the region at large. The issue of migration and development has health and security risks associated with it for instance, HIV/AIDS and the increase in deportees into the Caribbean. Emigration in the Caribbean has occurred in two waves. The first wave occurred in the 1950s and 1960s in the Western economies during the post World War II which was a result of improved standards of living by finding full employment and lack of work in unskilled and semiskilled jobs. The second wave was due to the outcome of global economic restructuring and both economic and social decline in Caribbean countries. Emigration...
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...How appropriate is it to describe the Caribbean as a third world region The concept of “third world” often bears the implication or gives the broader picture of a ranking or categorical system of which the world’s countries or regions are placed. Certainly, the impression is given that there is a first and second world, though such terms are hardly mentioned. To some, it is an undesirable term or concept, and many shun from the notion of their country being referred to as third world territory; perhaps that is why the term “developing” or “underdeveloped” country is preferred. Nevertheless, the concept certainly attempts to stratify countries or territories based on some common characteristics and many of the world’s countries are categorized in that bracket, even the Caribbean region. But what constitutes third world? Should the Caribbean region be even considered third world? The Caribbean is a very diverse region divided within two groups based on location, namely; the Lesser Antilles and the Greater Antilles. There are a total of 30 countries, all which share a similar or common heritage but there are also some stark differences as well, in areas such as; geography, resources, culture and population. The diversity in Caribbean culture and heritage comes from the its rich history dating all the way back to the late 15th century, when the islands were occupied and fought over by various European countries and native Amerindians, who it is believed to have first...
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...A Framework for Studying Caribbean Industrial Policy Author(s):Thomas Klak Economic Geography, Vol. 71, No. 3 (Jul., 1995), pp. 297-317 Published by: Clark University Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/144313 Description 1000 words The globalisation of business and the ever increasing pace of technological change present a competitiveness challenge to all countries and enterprises within them. The advent of instantaneous, worldwide communications 24 hours a day has turned the world into a single marketplace where customers can have full knowledge of competing products and services, where speed and quality of response by suppliers (as well as price) are important determinants of success. Such an intensely competitive environment makes smaller, developing countries especially vulnerable in their attempts to gain a reasonable share of world trade. For example, the Government of St Lucia has evolved an industrial policy to support the development of businesses so that they can compete effectively in the domestic, regional and wider international markets. This paper argues that further aggressive stimulation of the economy is necessary for these middle American countries to survive. The Caribbean is establishing a technology and innovation nexus, the 'Caribbean Technology and Innovation Park', to be a major driver of economic growth through the establishment of technology-based enterprises, and increased technology transfer and development. It will be beautifully landscaped...
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...and the rationale behind the establishment of Public Enterprises within Caribbean states” THE INFLUENCING FACTORS Reasons for setting up public enterprises were wide and varied. (C. Holder 1990). The countries of the English speaking Caribbean have traveled and endured a far distance; from freedom to couples of imperialistic societies achieved through colonialism; followed by wars and riots which lead to neocolonialism and finally to independence (Dominquez, Pastor and Worrel 1993). The post colonial era was the most active in relation to political thought and transformation as the social and economic issues of the “riot times” were examined. The minimal participation of the government in the laisser- faire ideological infrastructure that governed that period was the major purpose for change and as the full political responsibility for government was localized and the drive to industrialization spearheaded the drive for economic development trough the passage of Public Enterprises in Caribbean states. Caribbean governments wanted full participation in the commercial markets; what Mr. Norman Manly avidly describes as “commanding the heights of economy”. This thirst was quenched as some countries took steps toward the socialist perspective of controlling economies; this step caught the attention of other Caribbean governments and evoked further participation in the commercial and industrial development undertaken by governments. Social welfare is not to be forgotten. Vivid...
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...Abstract This is a project in the form of an essay which focuses on the life of Walter A. Rodney. This essay includes Walter A. Rodney historical background, major ideas, his contribution to the Caribbean development, his impact on world affairs and his weaknesses. Content Page Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Historical Background……………………………………………………………….. 4 Major Ideas…………………………………………………………………………… 5 Contribution to Caribbean Development……………………………………………. 8 Impact on World Affairs…………………………………………………………….. 9 Weakness……………………………………………………………………………. 10 Reference……………………………………………………………………………. 12 Introduction “For the only great men among the unfree and the oppressed are those who struggle to destroy the oppressor” (The Grounding With My Brothers, pg. 131). Walter A. Rodney otherwise known as 'Brother Wally' was a charismatic Caribbean intellectual. Rodney’s humanity poured out of his personality with a profound sense of the personal. He was articulate and well-spoken, well-educated and informed, a personable listener and one who was in tune with the 'grassroots'. He was able to fuse his knowledge of history, especially African history, with liberation politics. Many of his talks can be found in his book "The Groundings with My Brothers," however a brief portrait does no justice to the heritage he left. Walter A. Rodney was a revolutionary and scholar that combined his scholarship...
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...Prepared by: Russell Clarke The Internationalization Process of Statement Limousine Service Final Individual Assignment SMEG6000: International & Caribbean Business Environment (Cohort 6) Balraj Kistow 15th August 2014 Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Company Background 4 3. The Business Model 5 4. Preparation: Is Statement Limo Ready? 6 5. Potential Market Analysis 7 7. Market Entry Strategy 9 9. Conclusion 10 10. References 11 2. Executive Summary O f the numerous studies of international business, there has been a clear indication that the internationalization of an organization is a process by which said organization exponentially increases their international involvement over time. With reasonable and verifiable assumptions placed within the realm of economic and business factors, the characteristics of the internationalization process influence has a direct influence on the pattern and pace of this process. This paper will focus on the development of a model for the internationalization of Statement Limousine Service that focuses on its planned acquisition, and integration, into foreign markets. The paper will follow the pattern of the Six steps model, developed by Moberg & Palm. As its name suggests the process involves six steps of the internationalization and are respectively as follows: This model provides a concise idea about the internationalization concerning...
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...Moyne Report, is perhaps one of the single most important documents in the history of the Commonwealth Caribbean. Following Emancipation in 1838, former slave owners sought to exact labour at the lowest of wages and former slaves struggled for land, better working conditions and better wages. In the 1930s, the social changes since Emancipation brought an increasing working class consciousness to the fore which erupted in a series of labour rebellions across the territories of the British Caribbean. Complaints of abhorrent social and economic conditions spurred the appointment by the British Government in August 1938 of the West India Royal Commission led by Lord Moyne, to investigate and make recommendations on the conditions in the British territories. The comprehensive Report detailing the horrible conditions suffered by the people of the then British Caribbean is presented in its entirety and is enhanced by an introduction by Denis Benn. From health to infant mortality; housing to child labour and discrimination against women; labour and trade unions; agricultural policy and land settlement, the Report was scathing in its criticism of British colonial policy in the Caribbean and advanced a number of recommendations to deal with the challenges of the territories. A seminal document in the development of the Caribbean The Moyne Report is a critical document for scholars of Caribbean history, society, economics and politics. Social & Economic Conditions The Great Depression made...
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...Emigration in the Caribbean. 1. “The Caribbean has been unable to achieve the kind of economic development that would widen the range of job opportunities and allow its economy to absorb the incremental growth of its labour force. As a result, emigration in search of job opportunities has been an enduring loofeature of the economic history of the region.” (Palmer. R 1990). Often time people living in the Caribbean are either unemployed, or underemployed, which serves as a push factor influencing them to migrate in search on job opportunities. “The essential point in examining the relationship between migration and development is not so much to the lack of development, but to the character of that development and the objective of maximizing the welfare of the household.”looyeah 2. “The Caribbean region is an excellent case to study the effects of emigration as it has the highest emigration rates in the world. Docquier and Marfouk (2005) have documented the shares of the labour force in several source countries that have emigrated to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries. Almost all the Caribbean nations are among the top 20 countries in the world with the highest tertiary-educated migration rates, resulting in large impacts on the local markets and on the welfare of those who stay behind in the Caribbean countries.” (Mishra, 2006). With that being said, evidently the results will show brain drainage taking place within these Caribbean countries....
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...Access the importance of any two perennial national festivals in the Caribbean Carnival is Bacchanal! It is an annual celebration of life found in many countries of the world. Carnival is the time when individuals releases themselves and parade with enjoyment of the various Caribbean local art forms. According to Julia Hewitt “in the Caribbean, carnival as a mode of performing resistance, the memory of repression and sacrifice but also of hope, in a sense of becoming other”. “Caribbean festivals embody an aesthetic formally rooted in the early European, African and Asian traditions brought to the West indies between the 15th and 19th centuries, as well as from 20th century publications, broad casts and artistic movements. Caribbean festival arts are evidence of the transformation worked by a creoles aesthetic.” Judith Bettleheim et.al. Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago and Jonkonnu in Jamaica are two perennial festivals in the Caribbean. These festivals have been celebrated in the Caribbean for years and play an integral role in the maintenance and development of the region. Moreover, they contribute significantly to the nation’s social, economic, cultural tourism welfare. The Caribbean has many festivals such as Jonkonnu and Carnival. Jonkonnu has several schools of thoughts but according to Richard Allsopp denotes that Jonkonnu is more likely related to Yoruba word Jonkoliko, one elevated as a figure for fun or disgrace. This seems logical, especially since many of the...
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...country of Haiti gained independence in 1804 it is geographically located in the Caribbean Sea and its capital is Port-au-Prince. The official languages are Haitian Creole and French. Haiti shares a border with the Dominican Republic located to the east. The country’s system of governance is a republic. Based on numerous economic reports and modeling tools such as The World Bank, Transparency International, and the U.S. State Department among others. Haiti consistently ranks as one of the poorest countries when extreme poverty and a low level of development, is factored into the results. However, in recent years Haiti’s growth is steadied mainly due to the United States initiated incentives. According to The World Bank (2015) the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Haiti was last recorded at $810 U.S. dollars in 2013....
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...How accurate is it to assert that "...by 1492 the Caribbean region was part of world civilisation"? Since the emergence of our species, early humans lived by hunting, fishing and collecting wild plants. These were referred to as Paleolithic societies, which had to follow their food and as a result, were forced to live mostly nomadic lives wandering from place to place in search of food. Eventually these early humans learned to cultivate plants, herd animals and make airtight pottery for storage. This settled lifestyle was known as Neolithic societies. It is through this progression from Paleolithic to Neolithic, that “civilisation” is said to have its beginning. In my interpretation I think that civilisation refers to an organized way of people existing together and working towards improving their way of life while striving for the continuation and development of their existence. The Oxford Dictionary defines “civilisation” as “the stage in human social development and organization which is considered most advance”. A key point to note is the reference of the term advance indicating development. Professor V. Gordon Childe (1892-1957), a very influential theorist of civilisation in the Western world during the first half of the twentieth century had identified a number of characteristic for what would constitute a civilisation. Some of these characteristics included, surplus of food resulting from development in animal husbandry, plant cultivation and storage methods. Other...
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...| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An Overview of Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution | This page is one of a series of web pages developed by the CAR/RCU on various Environmental Issues in the Caribbean. These pages are a good starting point for research into many of the pressing concerns of the nations and territories of the Wider Caribbean Region. They contain definitions, descriptions, discussions, links to relevant on-line documents and web sites. Read about other Issues. | | * Introduction * Land based pollution sources and their environmental impacts * Sewage * Oil hydrocarbons * Sediments * Nutrients * Pesticides * Solid waste and marine debris * Toxic substances * Planning and management of environmental pollution * CEP and land based sources of pollution * Pollution related CEP reports * Links to pollution related websites | INTRODUCTION | The major sources of coastal and marine pollution originating from the land vary from country to country. The nature and intensity of development activities, the size of the human population, the state and type of industry and agriculture are but a few of the factors contributing to each country’s unique pollution problems. Pollution is discharged either directly into to the sea, or enters the coastal waters through rivers and by atmospheric deposition. In order to mitigate and control the impact of pollution on coastal and marine resources, it is essential...
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...1.2. TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF MIGRATION TO AND FROM CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES Elizabeth Thomas-Hope[1] INTRODUCTION Migration has become deeply embedded in the psyche of Caribbean peoples over the past century and a half. It has evolved as the main avenue for upward mobility through the accumulation of capital – financial and social. Thus the propensity for migration is high and there is a general responsiveness to the opportunities for moving whenever they occur. At times these opportunities have come from within the region itself or the wider circum-Caribbean region, as in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; in more recent times from North America and Europe. The migration dynamic reflects the interplay of international, national and highly personal circumstances. Global changes affect the international economic order and the division of labour and, as a consequence, legislative controls and inducements to the movement of labour across selective national borders. At the national level, economic, social, demographic and political factors influence the variable access of people to economic rewards and social opportunities. But migration is not a passive reaction to internal ‘pushes’ and external ‘pulls’. Within this wider international and national context, migration is part of a dynamic set of negotiations at all levels. For whether ‘free’ movement or refugee, there is a selective process that operates at the interface of the needs of...
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...AN ANALYSIS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF THREE (3) CARIBBEAN ISLANDS There are probably more small countries in the Caribbean than anywhere else in the world, with some countries smaller in total size than a large US city, and with as few as 20,000 inhabitants (Ferguson, 2007). The area commonly known as the "Caribbean" is located between the continents of North and South America, and east of Mexico. The Caribbean islands loop up in a quarter circle from off the coast of Venezuela (starting with Trinidad & Tobago, then Grenada, and so on) and ending up not far from southern Florida (with the Bahamas and Cuba). The Caribbean has an interesting and sometimes troubled history, and with the different colonial influences (English, French, Spanish, even Portugese and Dutch) there's a vibrant mix of cultures and business environments (Ferguson, 2007). The business environment is constantly changing as time goes by. There are several factors that affect the aspects of the business environment such as benefits, costs, and risks of conducting business. Other factors that the business environment are issues that affect operations, which includes customers, competitors, stakeholders, suppliers, industry trends, regulations, other government activities, social and economic factors and technological developments. There are several Caribbean islands however throughout this paper I will only analyse the business environment of three (3); Barbados...
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