...Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousness. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud’s Theories Sigmund Freud’s beliefs about personality were based on past experiences in an individual’s childhood. Freud stated that all human beings had three personality levels. These were the ego, the id, and the superego. The level of the id is the one that houses a person’s primitive drives and supports the enactment of decisions that are purely based on pleasure. The id’s objective is to avoid pain at all costs and only seek pleasurable sensations. The ego, on the other hand, identifies the significance of reality and makes decisions based on concepts such as judgment, perception recognition, and memory. The last level, the superego, is dedicated to seeking perfection (Reber, 2006). This level houses the individual’s accepted social morals and ideals in the conscience. Jung had different views about the different mental levels in the conscious mind. Instead of the ego, id, and superego, Jung perceived the human thought process as constituting of...
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...psychologists believed the purpose of psychology is to describe, analyze, and explain conscious sensations and feelings. Behaviorists believed conditioning could change human behavior. Gestalt psychologists theorized humans and some animals perceive the world around them in an organized pattern. Psychoanalysts believed that powerful inner forces from the unconscious mind develop and influence human behavior. This paper will discuss the personality theories proposed by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. This discussion will include a description of each theory. In addition, this paper will analyze the strengths and limitations of these theories. Finally this paper will compare and contrast each theory based on basic and underlying assumptions, deterministic versus free will, and awareness of self. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, a psychologist from Vienna, was the first person to propose the Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality. Though his work, he suggested the personality is comprised of three separate elements, the id, the ego, and the super ego (Burger 2008). The id, present at birth, is entirely unconscious, and includes primitive and instinctive behaviors. The id is driven toward immediate gratification, known as the pleasure principle (Burger 2008). The id is important in early life, ensuring that the demands of an infant are met. If these needs are not satisfied, then the individual will experience anxiety. This is the reason that babies cry when they are...
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...Jung was a follower of Freud and his theory held some similar traits. This theory includes the conscious, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Carl Jung believed we are motivated by images passed down by our ancestors as well as our repressed experiences. The things we inherited from our ancestors he named the collective unconscious. His theory is full of past events and future expectations. Images we inherit from our ancestors are called archetypes. Personal unconscious holds repressed thoughts of one individual. Consciousness is a very small piece of personality. Jung believed personality comes from mostly unconscious. Just like Freud, Jung’s theory is hard to prove or disprove. Jung was a follower of Freud and his theory held some similar traits. This theory includes the conscious, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Carl Jung believed we are motivated by images passed down by our ancestors as well as our repressed experiences. The things we inherited from our ancestors he named the collective unconscious. His theory is full of past events and future expectations. Images we inherit from our ancestors are called archetypes. Personal unconscious holds repressed thoughts of one individual. Consciousness is a very small piece of personality. Jung believed personality comes from mostly unconscious. Just like Freud, Jung’s theory is hard to prove or disprove. Carl Jung- Analytical Psychology Carl Jung- Analytical Psychology Adler-Individual...
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...discussion. It has become known that traits and characteristics individuate personality. However, there is single way to describe someone’s personality. Comparing and contrasting Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung; each has perspectives with different and similar basic or underlying assumptions, describing the relationship between deterministic and free will concepts of humanity, and motives for behavior such as awareness of self. Each proposes strengths and limitations within the theory they describe as well. Underlying Assumptions When explaining concepts of personality, one cannot turn a blind eye to Sigmund Freud as he was an innovative mastermind in psychodynamic theory; better known as psychoanalysis. It is a form of theory as well as therapy for individuals to motivate behavior. He treated neurotic disorders for which there were no physical causes leading him to discover psychic determinism. This is an idea that exhibited behavior and personality are determined by psychological factors rather biological conditions or current life events (Westmont Psychology, 2002). He also believes that the unconscious mind controls part of someone’s personality. He explains that the unconscious psychological process determines thought, feelings, and behavior. Thus he created methods for exploring the unconscious known as free association, and analysis of dreams. Two cornerstones of psychoanalysis are sex and aggression because Freud believes that people are born with basic instincts and that these...
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...Pasaporte Carl Jung Until the 1910s, Carl Jung was a follower and close friend of Freud’s. Like Freud, Jung believed that unconscious conflicts are important in shaping personality. However, he believed the unconscious has two layers: the personal unconscious, which resembled Freud’s idea, and the collective unconscious, which contains universal memories of the common human past. Jung called these common memories archetypes. Archetypes are images or thoughts that have the same meaning for all human beings. Jung said that archetypes exist in dreams as well as in art, literature, and religion across cultures. According to Jung, the ego represents the conscious mind while the personal unconscious contains memories, including those that have been suppressed. The collective unconscious is a unique component in that Jung believed that this part of the psyche served as a form of psychological inheritance. It contains all of the knowledge and experiences we share as a species. Jung's theory divides the psyche into three parts. The first is the ego,which Jung identifies with the conscious mind. Closely related is the personal unconscious, which includes anything which is not presently conscious, but can be. The personal unconscious is like most people's understanding of the unconscious in that it includes both memories that are easily brought to mind and those that have been suppressed for some reason. But it does not include the instincts that Freud would have it include. But then Jung adds...
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...such as Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler answer these fascinating questions through systematic observations about how and why individuals behave as they do. These personality psychologists tend to avoid abstract philosophical or religious musings and focus instead on the thoughts, feelings, and, behaviors of real people. In this assessment I will talk about Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler’s theories and explain what makes each of them different. Sigmund Freud had different views on comprehending how people act. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Alder are very different. Freud hinted that childhood experiences, repressed erotic feelings, and unconscious conflicts can affect adult behavior. Freud believed that the motivating force of a dream is wish fulfillment. However, Freud based most psychological things on sexuality. Freud believed that every imagery and symbol that appears in a dream have a sexual connotation. For example, anxiety dreams were seen as a sign of repressed sexual impulses. Carl Jung promotes the concept of archetypes, which are the images, patterns, and symbols that rise out of the collective unconscious and appear in dreams, mythology, and fairy tales. Jung was different from Freud because he believed that dreams can reveal others motives than aggression and sexuality. Freud also believed that dreams had a meaning. Jung was never completely into Freud’s idea, so he left Freud to develop his own theory. Jung called his theory Analytic...
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...Carl Gustav Jung was born on July 26, 1875 in the Swiss village of Kessewil to Paul and Emile Jung. Carl had an interest in language and literature. He was a quiet child and he showed little to no interest in school. Carl was not competitive and he would fake sickness in order to get out of going to school. Carl eventually settled on a career in psychiatry after he went to school for archaeology and studying medicine at the University of Basel he ultimately felt a deeper connection with psychiatry. Carl Jung was a follower of Sigmund Freud and in 1907 he met him. They quickly became friends sharing a mutual interest in psychoanalysis Freud considered Jung to be the heir to the psychoanalysis theory. Carl became a member of a small association that was created by Sigmund Freud. Carl Jung began to realize that he did not totally agree with the theory that Sigmund founded. Their relationship began to deteriorate because Carl did not agree with all of Sigmund’s beliefs he believed that Freud place too much emphasis on sexuality (Boeree, 1997-2006). Carl’s beliefs differed from Freud’s and he decided to go his own way and focus more on the beliefs that he witnessed or thought to be true of the human behavior. This theory and theoretical disagreement caused the two friends and partners to part ways. Jung then embarked on forming his own school of thought which is known as analytical psychology. This theory divides the psyche into three parts. The ego which identifies with the unconscious...
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...According to Cherry (2014), personality is of both psychological and physiological construct. There are many theories that psychologists conceive in order to better understand and explain the development of an individual’s personality. Psychologists, such as Sigmond Freud, Carl Jung, Carl Roberts, and Abraham Maslow, devised their own theories on how one’s personality develops based on their own beliefs and research. Sigmond Freud was one of the world’s most controversial psychologists. His theories on personality and thoughts on human behavior and beliefs about the conscious and unconscious mind made an immense impact within the world of psychology. Some of Freud’s beliefs and personality theories focused primarily on sexual desires and motivations. Throughout his life, Freud established many theories that “were enormously influential, but subject to considerable criticism both now and during his own life.”(Cherry, 2014) He was the founder of the psychoanalytic theory which concentrated on the unconscious mind and the influence it had on human behavior. Freud’s theory on the unconscious mind suggested that the mind was divided into three sections: the conscious mind, the pre-conscious mind, and the unconscious mind. This was just the beginning. He next proposed a psychoanalytic theory on personality that explained that personality...
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...Freud developed some of the most influential theories in modern psychology and psychoanalysis. His division of the mind into the conscious and unconscious components have driven research on the brain into very specific directions, and his contributions extend into the field of neuroscience, as well. By exploring the underlying motivations of our behaviors, Freud pioneered new levels of abstraction in human thought. For Freud, the mind is best conceptualized in two distinct components, the conscious and unconscious. The unconscious portion contains the thoughts we may potentially have, as well as the desires which dictate our behavior without our awareness. Societal regulations force us to repress certain aspects of ourselves, and the unconscious serves as the storehouse for this collection. Many of our inner urges are too disturbing for the conscious mind and society at large to cope with immediately. Therefore, we sublimate these secrets into a region we cannot face directly. The ego is responsible for repressing unconscious thoughts. Things that are too disturbing to face immediately are pushed out of awareness by the ego. However, the unconscious continues to exert influence on the behavior of the individual. This psychological pressure creates a continuous battle between the ego and unconscious portions of the psyche. The dynamics of this struggle are the target of much of Freud's psychoanalytic theories. He described the mind as composed...
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...| PHILOSOPHY ASSIGNMENT | ASPECTS OF FAMININE-ANIMUS | | SUBMITTED BY:ANOOSHA TABANI | BS(MS) | | CONCEPT OF ANIMA AND ANIMUS CARL JUNG Swiss psychiatrist, one of the founding fathers of modern depth psychology. Jung's most famous concept, the collective unconscious, has had a deep influence not only on psychology but also on philosophy and the arts. Jung's break with Sigmund Freud is one of the famous stories in the early history of psychoanalytic thought. More than Freud, Jung has inspired the New Age movement with his interest in occultism, Eastern religions. Jung considered individuation, a psychological process of integrating the opposites including the conscious with the unconscious while still maintaining their relative autonomy, necessary for a person to become whole. Individuation is the central concept of analytical psychology. ANIMUS: Animus is the archetype of reason and spirits in women. This is the male aspect of the female psyche, as the anima is the female aspect of male psyche. This archetype is projected in various male images and characters like great artists, heroes, warriors, sportsmen, philosopher, and so forth. When identified with the animus (animus-inflated), women develop an excessive rational drive which may end up in excessive criticism and stubbornness. In animus-inflated women with strong interest in intellectual matters we find the need to impose and maintain a rigorous and schematic list of values judged the most important...
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...Theories of Jung and Freud Tiffinee Williams Southern New Hampshire University Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung both made significant impacts with their studies and theories regarding personality. Even though they did spend time together they had different ideas and theories about how personality develops and what it consists of. Sigmund Freud divided personality into three parts: the id, the ego and the superego. According to Freud traumatic events, repressed thoughts and sexual motivation are what personality consists of. The id, the ego and the super ego. The id forms our unconscious and is not bound by morality but instead only seeks to satisfy pleasure. The ego is our thoughts and ideas that help us deal with reality and the superego tries to find a balance between “socially acceptable behaviors” and the repressed desires and thoughts that exist in the id (Harley therapy 2013). Jung also agreed that the personality can be divided into three parts: the ego, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. According to Jung, the ego consists of conscious memories, the personal unconscious consisted experiences both recalled and suppressed from infancy and the collective unconscious consists of images or archetypes that are innate, universal ideas or projections that affect feelings and thoughts, but do not arise from personal experience. (Carl Jung Experience 2014). For example, the mother archetype is what governs the mother-child relationship in humans. Jung did not...
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...three systems: the id, ego, and the superego. His theory also referenced most psychological things to sexuality. Carl Jung a psychiatrist and Alfred Adler a physician both became interested in Freud’s psychoanalysis in the 1900’s and visited Freud in Vienna to learn more about his theory. While in Vienna for several years, the relationship between these men came to a halt because of theoretical disagreements. Jung and Carl did not believe sexuality had much to do with psychology. Jung developed the analytical psychology, which interprets feelings and behavior in terms of both an individual and racial unconscious. On the other hand, Adler developed individual psychology, which interprets behavior in terms of a desire for pouter in the social order. Although these men had differences, they studied Psychology and did what they believed in. Jung and Freud both depended on the ideas of unconscious determinants of behavior, but to Jung the unconscious was broader than Freud could see. Freud unconscious only discusses a personal unconscious, which many of these contents were unacceptable or unpleasant. Somewhere in the that personal unconscious Jung believed there is a collective unconscious, in which racial memories are accumulated of many difference experiences. While conducting all his research Jung established four archetypes of the collective unconscious: persona, anima, shadow, and self where behavior is said to be the supremacy of one function relation to others. The...
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...personality, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Carol Rogers, and Abraham Maslow. Personality is totality of qualities and traits, as of character or behavior, which are peculiar to a specific person. The set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc. that makes a person different from other people. ***SIGMUND FREUD: Freud believes that behavior and personality derives from the constant and unique interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at three different levels of awareness: the preconscious, conscious, and the unconscious. *Preconscious mind – is the part of the mind that represents ordinary memory. *Conscious mind – includes everything we are aware of. *Unconscious mind – is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. According to Freud the mind can be divided into three different levels. Freud likened these three levels of mind to an iceberg. The part of the iceberg that you can see above the water represents the conscious mind. The part of the iceberg that is submerged below the water but is still visible is the preconscious; the bulk of the iceberg lies unseen beneath the waterline and represents the unconscious. According to Sigmund Freud psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements known as id, the ego and the superego work together to create complex human behaviors. THE ID: This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive...
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...Psychodynamic Theories Jayme Terrigno PSY/405 October 6, 2014 Patti Tolar Psychodynamic Theories According to "Good Therapy" (2014), “The psychological interpretation of mental and emotional processes—is rooted in traditional psychoanalysis and draws from object relations, ego psychology, and self psychology” (para. 1). Psychodynamic theories draw most of their information from the idea of the unconscious, especially in the development of early childhood. This paper will describe personality, discuss the mail tenets of the theories presented, discuss how each theory applies to personality and behavior, and discusses the strengths and limitations of each theory. The degree to which individual humans vary from one another, both physically and psychologically, is quite astonishing and somewhat unique among species (Feist, Feist, & Roberts 2013). Personality id the physical characteristics of a person and how it reflects toward others. Personality is the thoughts and feelings that each person holds and shows to others. It is collection of a person, but these pieces of each person tend to remain the unchanged through the years. Psychodynamic theory was developed by a Sigmund Freud, a well-known theorist, and in his own words, scientist. Sigmund Freud began to combine philosophical speculations with a primitive scientific method. As a neurologist trained in science, Freud began to listen to his patients to find out what...
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...Carl Jung: Key Concepts of Personality Theory and Application The degree to which one attains their own level of psychological development and understanding is often the product of an enduring and precarious pilgrimage bound by one of the most mystifying phenomenon’s known to mankind: the human mind. The ability to render complete understanding of the intricate workings of the mind has not only been cradled at the pentacle of research and academia for centuries, but is at the heart of each individual’s personal journey through life. The concept of understanding one's self can be as complex and overwhelming as trying to understand humanity as a whole; however, there have been many profound movements in thought and theory that conjure strong insight to how we may be able to achieve the ultimate meaning behind it all. Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of Analytical Psychology, went beyond rational thinking to discover the truth of one’s existence; by redirecting the purpose towards the concept of self knowledge, and by reshaping the concept of one’s Self. The nature of Jungian psychology is derived from mythological, mystical, and spiritual concepts which provided the framework for Carl Jung’s quest to develop a “science of the soul” (In lecture June 28, 2011, PSY 225 class, Professor C. Johnston). Jung created his own novel approach to understanding the human mind by cutting through the obscurity of reality and enthralling into a much deeper venture of transcendent enlightenment...
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