...Daylight savings time was first conceived by Benjamin Franklin in 1784 when he was in Paris. Evidently, Ben had a lot of “time” to kill in Paris, but his idea went nowhere. The idea of “Daylight Savings” is essentially moving clocks one hour (or more or less) ahead- essentially “moving an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening. The first serious effort to save daylight occurred in Britain. London builder William Willett wrote an essay entitled “Waste of Daylight” in 1907- when he noticed during an early morning ride that the blinds on houses were closed-even though the sun was fully risen. Evidently, this waste of time by citizens was more than he could bear. He wrote: “Everyone appreciates the long light in evenings - everyone laments...
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...Sensors & Controls SECTION 8 Tips for Daylighting with Windows OBJECTIVE Design and install a control system to dim lights and/or turn them off when there is adequate daylight. • Reduce lighting energy consumption with automatic controls. • Use a lighting specialist for best results with the control system. KEY IDEAS General • Sensors “measure” light by looking at a wide area of the office floor and work surfaces from a point on the ceiling. The sensor’s signal is then used by the control system to dim or turn off the electric lights according to the available daylight. These simple components are needed to save energy in daylighted spaces. • Controls can respond to many variables. To save lighting energy, controls are typically designed to respond to daylight and a host of other inputs (e.g., occupancy sensors, weekend/holiday/nighttime schedules, etc.). • Include all control documentation in the construction documents. This should include clearly developed control schematics, control sequences, calibration instructions, maintenance plans and checklists, and clear testing procedures. • Lighting controls and sensors must be properly calibrated and commissioned prior to occupancy. This helps ensure energy savings and reduces the likelihood of complaints from occupants. • Take special care to document integrated control systems. Control schematics are critical where different building systems (e.g., lighting, mechanical, etc.) come together. Identify...
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...Friendly Banking “Green banking” On Dutch Bangla bank ltd. Research Paper on Customer satisfaction On Environmental Friendly Banking “Green banking” On Dutch Bangla bank ltd. Submitted To: Dr. Bishwajit Chandra Deb Chairman of BBA Faculty Associate Professor Dept. of Accounting & Information Systems Comilla University, Comilla Submitted By: Kazi Ayesha Akter Class Id: 0906019 Batch: 4th Session: 2009-10 Dept. of Accounting and Information Systems Comilla University, Comilla Letter of Transmittal September 03,2014 Dr. Bishwajit Chandra Deb Chairman Associate Professor Dept. of Accounting & Information Systems Comilla University, Comilla Subject: Submission of Research Paper on The Customer satisfaction On Environmental Friendly Banking “Green banking” On Dutch Bangla bank ltd. Dear Sir, By the grace of almighty Allah, the benevolent and merciful, your solitary help, I have been successful to complete the research on the study of “Research Paper on The Customer satisfaction On Environmental Friendly Banking “Green banking” On Dutch Bangla bank.” that you have asked to prepare. I have tried our best to make the research within the given time period. Though my intention was strong to make the best research, unfortunately there may be some mistakes. I hope that you will consider my mistakes with mercifully. Therefore, I sincerely, expect that you would be kind enough to accept my research paper for evaluation and oblige thereby. Sincerely yours, Kazi Ayesha...
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...July 2002 • NREL/TP-550-30769 A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants L. Edwards and P. Torcellini National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 July 2002 • NREL/TP-550-30769 A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants L. Edwards and P. Torcellini Prepared under Task No. BEC2.4002 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States...
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...Business Research Part One Learning Team D RES/351 April 15, 2013 Business Research Part One An increasing number of solar panels are popping up on the rooftops of homes and businesses across the Hawaiian Islands. Although this is beneficial to homeowners, businesses, and the environment, the Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO) grid systems cannot handle reciprocating the increasing photovoltaic energy. Fears of the entire system crashing could happen if the right actions are not taken (McCoy, 2013). In this research, Learning Team D looks at HECO to determine what actions they need to take to solve this solar issue. First the team provides research questions and hypotheses as well as variables and ethical considerations HECO should think about. Second they discuss the significance, scope, magnitude, and feasibility. Last they end with the research’s purpose and teams’ conclusion. Research Questions What type of action is involved to build smart grids and provide installation of advanced meters in neighborhoods across Oahu? How will smart electric grid technology improve electric service? At HECO, management focuses on solving the problem by upgrading their technology system to provide adequate electric service in urban areas of east Honolulu. HECO completes the East Oahu Transmission Project to improve the electric systems responsiveness and efficiency. Smart grids approach would save money and it allows HECO to limit the construction impacts to the surrounding community...
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... 5 5.0 Recommendations 5 Bibliography Appendix 1.0 Introduction As part of my HNC Administration and IT course I have been asked by my communication lecturer to investigate and write a report by delivering a concrete understanding outlining the benefits of being green to the environment and the organisation. It will explore one of the UK’s revolutionary greenest hair salon Élan Hair Design. The report was to be submitted by 01/10/14 and the recommendations that were asked for were: * To research the environment and the need for sustainability and apply it to a hairdressing business. * To research green business practices and apply it to a hairdressing business. * To research green ICT and apply it to a hairdressing business. * To assess customer demand for Environmental friendly products and apply to a hairdressing business. 2.0 Terms of Reference For research, this report used the internet and a questionnaire 3.0 Findings 3.1 Sustainability Sustainability is supporting long term ecological balance by using natural resources protecting human health and the environment; it is important to have the water, materials and the resources now and continue to have in the future. (EPA Environmental Protection...
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...efficient use of energy in industry has for a long time been a priority of the government on India. In anticipation of enactment of federal legislation on energy management for industry, the state of Government of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and other Southern States, made energy audits mandatory for large-scale energy consuming industries. So among industrial consumers, the aspect of energy conservation is gaining due importance of the realization that “Energy Saved is Energy Produced and that too at Economical Cost”. This paper shares the experience of the authors on energy conservation projects carried out in a textile industry situated in Tamil nadu state. Economic and efficient measures of energy conservation have been followed subject to budget constraint and the effects of such measures were realized through reduction in energy cost with the added advantage of environmental safety. 1. Introduction Today, energy and environment are two areas that have sought the greatest attention at the international level. With the issue of the global environment, becoming as important as never before, energy particularly its conservation in industries, has become the main target for all parts of the world that has to be achieved as soon as possible. Textile industries are found to be energy-intensive [4% energy cost in total input cost[ compared to other industries like chemical, food, computer manufacturing, etc.. and hence extensive research has been focused on such industries in the past to...
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...energy usage which reduces the environmental pollution energy efficient measures have been introduced. The goal of these measures is to decrease the energy use of the building substantially and provide the building's energy needs with on-site renewable energy supply like Photovoltaics. This results in a concept called Net zero energy buildings or Zero Energy Buildings. Zero energy building (ZEB) is a building with zero energy consumption i.e., it consumes only the amount of energy generated by the renewable power on the building site. NZEBs produce zero carbon emissions annually as various renewable energy technologies are deployed on the building site. This paper addresses the energy efficient measures that can be implemented to cut down the power consumption. The energy efficient features implemented in ZEBs for energy savings is justified with a case study. I. INTRODUCTION The environmental effects that Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions across countries at different levels of development received global attention on what has been done to mitigate these emissions. The continued growth of global emissions of carbon dioxide due to energy consumption and their adverse effects on global warming forces the world to save the environment from further damage. As per EPA in 2011, the combustion of fuels to electrify the homes, buildings and industry in U.S. accounted to 38%...
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...Switching System Mohd Norhafiz Norudin, Ranjit Singh, and Wong Yan Chiew Abstract - This paper presents an Automatic Infra Red Light Switching System which combines the electrical and electronics technologies. It is a major task for every household, company and industry to have a safe system and energy saving system installed on their buildings. Furthermore, automatic light switching will lead to energy saving and efficient energy usage which could benefit individuals and the whole country. Along with this, the system is developed to have a some safe enviroment without putting life on danger when switching ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ the light after occupying the restroom. Basically, this system is design to be installed in the restroom. Apart from the automatic switching, it also comprises manual switching in case user needs to have light during the day. This system comprises two main parts: automatic light control for security purposes and for lighting areas. Keywords: Automatic light switching, Safe system, Energy saving system, Manual switching, Restroom installation I. INTRODUCTION In order to have electricity security and save energy [1], in most cases usually automatic switching is the most practical approach. Electronic sensors and microprocessor-based energy controllers will contribute to cost savings by regulating light output according to available daylight and lamp life span [2]. A sensitive electronic control system is suggested that can take...
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...led to an increase in the Earth’s temperature in the past 50 years, worsening forest fires, drought and coastal flooding among other disastrous side effects of climate change, according to the U.S. Global Change Research Program. (NOAA National Climatic Data Center). In Kentucky where 91% of its power is generated from coal (Department for Energy Development and Independence; Kentucky Coal Association), there is a great impetus for utilities to cut down on carbon emissions. Unfortunately current efforts to reduce carbon emissions are largely insufficient because they do not attempt to reduce America’s and Kentucky’s overreliance on fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. Rather, currently adopted technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and natural gas-fired plants that halve carbon emissions merely seek to reduce the environmental impact while still relying on fossil fuels for energy. (Nijhuis) (Breeze) For a solution to be viable in the long run, it must propose an alternative energy source to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for energy which is the root cause of excessive carbon emissions. Investing in renewable energy like solar power is therefore a far better choice for utilities, as compared to their current efforts. For the purposes of this paper, I will be focusing on the state of Kentucky to exemplify the issues facing coal-reliant states in America. I will also be considering the proposed solution from the perspective of Louisville Gas & Electric...
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...BUILDING GREEN - PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES BUILDING GREEN - PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES CHANDRA PRAKASH KAMANA1- V.S.R.S SARMA SALAGRAMA2 chandraprakashk66@yahoo.in svsrssarma353@gmail.com Dr. E.E ESCULTURA3 escultur36@yahoo.com 1&2: B.Tech Mechanical , G.V.P College of Engineering and Student Members, Indian Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air conditioning Engineers, Visakhapatnam Chapter 3: Research Professor, Lakshmikantham Institute for Advanced Studies and Departments of Mathematics and Physics, GVP College of Engineering, JNT University, Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, AP India Abstract Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for future generations. A sustainable building, or green building is an outcome of a design which focuses on- environment friendly design, energy efficiency, water conservation, rain water harvesting, sewage treatment, recycling of treated effluent, zero waste water discharge, fire safety, excellent indoor air quality, day lighting, and building management including lighting controls by lux level as well as occupancy, and fresh air on demand. Air conditioning consumes nearly 25% of world energy and a major contribution can be made by this industry towards reducing global warming. We keep our homes and work places cool in summer and warm in winter. The sum total of all...
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...it is the second best, it can detect neural activity within almost two seconds and with technological improvements it is getting faster and faster. (C) FRMI would be better to measure the brain activation in the limbic system. FMRI essentially uses the same technology as the MRI but it more function. Brain activity can be measure through the blood flow. FMRI tells us essentially tells us what is happening in out brain while we are making our decisions. It will have a good read on where and when those signals are happening. However, despite that FMRI requires repeated sampling to account for noise such as heart beats, breathing and other factors it is very accurate in predicting ones emotions. Question 2. Many researchers have done research to show that being in a good mood causes individuals to purchase more stocks and take on more risk; researchers have shown...
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...Daniel Sebagh Dr. Armiger Response paper #2 4/26/12 Oil Crisis in the 1970’s The Oil Crisis of the 1970’s was a major period in American history, when a number of political, global and social events came together to create a ‘perfect storm’. The Seventies was an era filled with people seeking self-fulfillment (The ‘Me’ Decade), where the nation was growing at a fast pace. People, during this time, concentrated on their own leisure and happiness. Behind the narcissism and selfishness of many people’s attitudes, an oil crisis struck America which largely impacted the automobile industry and led to a rise in gas prices. The combination of stagnant growth and price inflation during this era raises many issues, while many attempts to end the crisis, such as Jimmy Carter’s Energy plan, substantially made it worse. These problems caused Americans to focus more on economic issues versus social issues. The “Me Decade,” a term coined by novelist Tom Wolfe, was a concept of the Seventies- “an era of narcissism, selfishness, personal rather than political awareness… The ‘70’s was the decade in which people put emphasis on the skin, on the surface, rather than on the roof of things… It was the decade in which image became preeminent because nothing deeper was going on (Schulman, 145).” It described the new American self-awareness and the collective retreat from history, community and human reciprocity. Compared to the 1960’s, Americans in the 1970’s were self-absorbed and passive;...
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...Module 14 Demand-side management sustainable energy regulation and policymaking for africa MODULE 14: DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT page iii CONTENTS 1. MODULE OBJECTIVES 14.1 1.1. Module overview 14.1 1.2. Module aims 14.1 1.3. Module learning outcomes 14.2 2. INTRODUCTION 14.3 3. WHY PROMOTE DSM? 14.5 4. WHAT DRIVES DSM? 14.7 4.1. Cost reduction and environmental motives 14.8 4.2. Reliability and network motives 14.10 5. TYPES OF DSM MEASURES 14.13 5.1. Energy reduction programmes 14.13 5.2. Load management programmes 14.31 5.3. Load growth and conservation programmes 14.34 6. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ON DSM 14.37 7. CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING DSM PROGRAMMES 14.39 8. CONCLUSION 14.41 LEARNING RESOURCES 14.43 Key points covered 14.43 Answers to review questions 14.43 Exercises 14.44 Presentation/suggested discussion topics 14.45 Relevant case studies 14.45 REFERENCES 14.46 INTERNET RESOURCES 14.47 GLOSSARY/DEFINITION OF KEY CONCEPTS 14.47 Case study 1. Lighting retrofitting in the United Republic of Tanzania 14.49 Case study 2. United Republic of Tanzania: Power factor correction 14.59 Case study 3. Zambia: Automatic load control and alternative energy supply at Lusaka water and sewerage company 14.67 Case study 4. Zambia: University energy assessment 14.73 Case study 5. Why DSM initially failed in Ghana 14.79 PowerPoint presentation: ENERGY EFFICIENCY Module 14: Demand-side management 14.87 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING TRAINING...
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...Name: Christopher Buxton Course Title: Diploma of Management Unit Code: Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Unit Code: BSBSU501A Assessment1. 1. Review the case study information provided and determine all legislative and regulatory documents that describe compliance requirements for this company. After reading the case study for the Tiny Opera Company I have determined through my own research that the following legislative and regulatory requirements will need to be adhered to so that they are compliant. To start off the Tiny Opera Company will need to have their own Code of Conduct available to all employees and anyone attending the venue. This code of conduct will outline through Key principles what the company’s expected behaviours are and how everyone should conduct themselves while employed at the venue in all areas of employment. Having a code of conduct in place will make sure that everyone who is attending the venue whether employed or as a patron/customer conducts themselves in a way that shows respect for each other in a positive manner. Tiny Opera Company will need to also have Safe Work Procedures in place and will need to meet the obligations of the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 and the NSW Work Health and Safety Act 2011, this so that it has steps in place to prevent accidents & injuries when employees are undertaking tasks so that potential hazards can be eliminated and/ or controlled at the venue to protect everyone...
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