...Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a term used to describe a group of physical disabilities that affect a person’s ability to control their own movements and may even cause paralysis. Although efforts to research Cerebral Palsy began in the 1830’s, specialists continue to struggle to determine how to detect and prevent children from developing CP in the Future. Early detection and prevention of Cerebral Palsy is particularly challenging as children can develop this condition in the pre-natal stage, the perinatal stage, and even during their first few years of infancy. However, it has been determined that the most common cause of this physical disability is due to the brain being underdeveloped or as a result of experiencing a form of brain damage. There are three different variations of Cerebral Palsy that a person may develop: Spastic Cerebral Palsy is the most common form of the condition and can affect a person’s ability to move certain parts of their body ultimately leading to muscle stiffness. Studies have shown that approximately 77% of people who have been diagnosed with CP suffer from spasticity. Another form of CP is Athetoid Cerebral Palsy which can cause involuntary movements rendering a person unable to control sporadic movements such as shaking. The third form of CP is known...
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...Living With Cerebral Palsy, Teen INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of nervous system disorders. CP can cause abnormal movements, abnormal body positions, and poor balance. CP affects everyone in different ways. HOW CAN CEREBRAL PALSY AFFECT ME? The main difficulties associated with CP are related to actions that involve the muscles (motor skills) and coordination. The main problems caused by CP include: • Problems controlling the muscles. You may have: ○ Muscle shaking that you cannot control (tremors). ○ Muscle tightening that you cannot control (spasms). ○ Muscle weakness. • Problems with the spine. • Having shorter legs or arms on one side of the body. • Problems with muscle tone and coordination. Muscle tone is the amount...
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...Cerebral Palsy Diagnosing Cerebral Palsy (CP), is the most common disability affecting function in children. It is described by a loss of control of coordination and muscle movements. Cerebral Palsy affects the child’s abilities such as learning, speaking, and become independent, so the effect can last through the child’s life-time. Trying to reduce the effects of Cerebral Palsy can improve the aspects of life for both the child and family. Cerebral Palsy is caused by a neurological condition ( problems in the brain and the nervous system). Specifically, it is caused by a problem in the part that is responsible for controlling muscles in the brain (1). Early age diagnosing for Cerebral Palsy is necessary, and it can take several steps: developmental monitoring, developmental screening, and developmental and medical evaluations (2). The first step of diagnosing Cerebral Palsy is developmental monitoring ( surveillance) which means to track a child’s growth and development over time. The doctor monitors the child’s...
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...Cerebral Palsy. My mother has lived with a mild case of this disease since birth. Cerebral Palsy is a broad term used to describe a group of chronic “palsies – disorders that impair control of movement -- due to damage to the developing brain. CP usually develops by age 2 or 3 and is a no progressive brain disorder, meaning it does not continue to worsen throughout life. However, the symptoms due to the brain damage often do change over time; sometimes getting better and sometimes getting worse. CP is one of the most common causes of chronic childhood disability. (www.webmd.com). Between 35 and 50 percent of all children with CP will have a seizure disorder and some level of mental retardation. They may also have learning disabilities and vision, speech, hearing, or language problems. (www.webmd.com). There are three types of CP: Spastic CP, the most common, is a disorder in which certain muscles are stiff and weak. Dyskinetic, or athetotic, CP generally involves impairment of voluntary muscle control. Mixed CP is a combination of the two previous classifications. (www.webmd.com). Much remains unknown about the disorder’s causes, but evidence supports theories that infections, during pregnancy may damage a fetus’ developing nervous system. These include rubella (German measles), (a herpes – type virus), (an infection caused by a parasite that can be carried in cat feces or inadequately cooked meat). ...
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...have cerebral palsy go to school but there are many who stay home throughout the day. Either way care is provided for children with cerebral palsy or other chronic illnesses. There are several people who are involved in the care for these children such as nurses, attendants, and therapist. In the United States it is estimated 8,000 to 10,000 babies born each year will develop cerebral palsy [ (My Child) ]. This means that cerebral palsy will occur in two point three to three point six of every 1,000 children in the United States. Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. It is caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to control his or her muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Cerebral palsy occurs more frequently in Caucasian children than African American and Hispanic children. Also boys seem to be more affected than girls by a rate of one point two. Cerebral palsy is a condition that can be hard to detect until a child is about five or older the statistics are not completely clear on the demographics. However, the impact that changing demographics may not affect health care in certain areas because this condition cannot be pinned to the direct caused of this condition therefore not really knowing how it could affect health care. However, it could be a dramatic change because of the cost for research and the care and treatment for children with cerebral palsy. Children...
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...Cerebral palsy is impaired muscle caused by brain damage usually before, birth or after birth. Cerebral palsy affects young children the most. The injury occurs within the brain development that occurs through utero or soon after birth. The cerebral palsy affects the motor neuron and sensory neurons. Cerebral palsy has no cure for the damage that has been done to the brain. Cerebral palsy was considered a movement disorder associated with white matter injury. White matter is the brain and spinal cord which contains myelin sheath. Cerebral palsy affects the neurons, such as the grey matter which has the abnormalities in the cortex and subcortical structures which contribute to developmental delay (Balakrishnan, B., Nance, E., Johnston, M. V.,...
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...Disabilities in the General Classroom. Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 37(2), 143-154. Huang, C., Sugden, D., & Beveridge, S. (2009). Assistive devices and cerebral palsy: the use of assistive devices at school by children with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(5), 689-708. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00968.x Jooyeon, K., & Minyoung, K. (2013). Reliability and Responsiveness of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Physical Therapy, 93(3), 392-401. doi:10.2522/ptj.20110374 Kavak, S.T, & Eliasson, A. (2011). Development of handwriting skill in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(21-22), 2084- 2091. doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.560335 Klingels, K. K., De Cock, P. P., Molenaers, G. G., Desloovere, K. K., Huenaerts, C. C., Jaspers, E. E., & Feys, H. H. (2010). Upper limb motor and sensory impairments in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Can they be measured reliably?. Disability & Rehabilitation, 32(5), 409-416. doi:10.3109/09638280903171469 Malheiros, S., de Mello Monteiro, C. B., da Silva, T., Torriani-Pasin, C., de Andrade, M., Valenti, V. E., & ... de Abreu, L. (2013). Functional capacity and assistance from the caregiver during daily activities in Brazilian children with cerebral palsy....
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...INTRODUCTION While cerebral palsy is a blanket term commonly referred to as “CP” and described by loss or impairment of motor function, cerebral palsy is actually caused by brain damage. The brain damage is caused by brain injury or abnormal development of the brain that occurs while a child’s brain is still developing — before birth, during birth, or immediately after birth. Cerebral palsy affects body movement, muscle control, muscle coordination, muscle tone, reflex, posture and balance. It can also impact fine motor skills, gross motor skills and oral motor functioning. Those with cerebral palsy were most likely born with the condition; although some acquire it later. It was once thought that cerebral palsy was caused by complications during the birthing process. While this does happen, it is now widely agreed that birthing complications account for only a small percentage, an estimated ten percent, of cerebral palsy cases. In my interview with Mrs. Rachel Kagichiri, a parent to a recently diseased CP child, she explained to me that many of the misconceptions we have about the disease should be done away with. Karanja, her son, was often blamed on her ‘negligence’ by relatives and friends who openly thought she must have done something for her son to turn out this way. Current research suggests the majority of cerebral palsy cases result from abnormal brain development or brain injury prior to birth or during labor and delivery. Accidents, abuse, medical malpractice...
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...The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the role of casting and it’s effectiveness in the management of lower limb contractures for children with cerebral palsy. ‘Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of CP are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behaviour by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems.’ (Rosenbaum et al 2007). Upper motor neuron lesions lead to the impairment of voluntary muscle function and development of increased tone or spasticity in the affected...
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...Cerebral Palsy a Complex Condition Basic Knowledge of Cerebral Palsy Patients with Cerebral Palsy have a complex condition that causes them to be different. Their movement and posture is effect by this condition causing them to not be able to move like we do. The hip joint does not like to move as smoothly as ours so they have an uneven gate, walk, compared to a person who does not have CP. Most commonly this will lead to pain in any joint that is not formed properly. This does not come from a problem at birth but a defect from before birth. Simply because a child is born with CP does not mean they will never be at the same level as their peers. Many children will come to develop at the same level as their peers. They can become productive...
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...Various Treatments for Children with Cerebral Palsy Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research Dr. Diana Naser Various Treatments for Children with Cerebral Palsy First Quantitative Study Honkavaara, M., Rintala, P., (2010), The influence of short term, intensive hippotherapy on gait in children with cerebral palsy. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 3(2), 29- 36. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a73e5036- 0d8e-4cc4-97c5-ec0c3cbd1e4a%40sessionmgr115&vid=32&hid=104 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short term hippotherapy on functional gait changes in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants were two boys (ages 12 and 13) with spastic diplegia and a girl (14 yrs) with athetoid CP. Single-subject (ABA) design was used to determine quantitative changes in functional gait parameters (velocity, stride length, and cadence) following three weeks of hippotherapy. The two boys demonstrated improvement in stride length and gait velocity without sustained improvement in cadence. There was increase in stride length and cadence, but most noticeable improvements in velocity for the girl. The results indicated that it is possible that short-term hippotherapy may improve functional gait in children with cerebral palsy Second Quantitative Study Galli, M., Cimolin, V., Valente, E., Crivellini, M., Ialongo, T., Albertini, G. (2006). Computerized gait analysis...
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...Nathan Perry is a ten-year-old boy who suffers from cerebral palsy. This disease causes him the inability to perform normal actions that the majority of people do not give a second thought. He is in need of a surgery before he hits puberty and starts having massive growth spurts. There is a surgery that could possibly help him, but the cost may not make it possible for him to have it (Sydney). The cause of cerebral palsy is usually the same, there are multiple symptoms that occur, and though there is no cure, there are several ways to help treat it. Cerebral Palsy (CP) is commonly caused by a brain injury in the fetus, such as lack of oxygen before, during, or even after birth. Though research has found that in about 1 in 10 cases the cause...
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...CEREBRAL PALSY Presented to Cerebral Palsy is defined as an abnormal development or damage affecting the motor centers of the brain, accompanied by neurological and physical abnormalities. According to CDC, Cerebral Palsy is the most common motor disability found in children. It affects movement, posture, and balance. In the majority of cases children are diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy by the age of three. Statistics show that on average every two to three children in one thousand fall victim to this disorder. The combined total of all children and adults in the United States living with Cerebral Palsy is estimated to be around 800,000. Symptoms vary from child to child as well as the age of onset. Some signs to look for are any disturbances in the development of learning. Such as if the child is having trouble learning to crawl, walk, rolling from side to side, or sitting by the appropriate age that developmental milestones should be achieved. If the child is only using one hand to grab things while keeping the other hand balled up into a fist. Another common behavior to look for is the child dragging one entire side of the body while trying to crawl with the use of only the opposite side. More causes for concern would be stiff muscles, exaggerated muscle reflexes, muscles not stiff enough resembling a flopping of the limbs, and difficulty with speech and eating. The website Cerebral Palsy Help http://cerebralpalsyhelp...
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...Nursing 106 Spring 2016 Maternal Child Case Study All questions apply to this case study. You may type or clearly write this assignment. It must be legible. Responses to questions must be in your own words. Scenario M.H. is a three year old boy with cerebral palsy (CP) who has been admitted to your unit preoperatively. He will have surgery for a femoral osteotomy and tendon lengthening to stabilize hip joints and to help reduce spasticity. You are orienting the parents to the unit and have a nursing student assisting you. 1. After getting the family settled, you return to the nursing station, and the nursing student asks you to explain CP and what might have caused cerebral palsy. How would you answer the student’s question? 2. The nursing student asks what the family might have noticed that would indicate CP in M.H. when he was a baby. Which of these findings will you include in your discussion with student? (Select all that apply and state rationale) a. Head lag at 5 months b. Able to sit unassisted at 7 months c. Positive Moro (startle) reflex at 2 months d. Leg scissoring e. Right hand preference at 12 months f. Use of pincher grasp at 9 months g. Increased irritability Case Study Progress You and the nursing student finish a health history with the family and determine that M.H. has impaired vision (wears glasses), speech impairment, seizure disorder, and has had poor weight gain and feeding issues since birth....
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...very common symptom that affects around 66% of individuals with CP (Nuttin, Ivanhoe, Albright, Dimitrije & Saltuari, 1999). In the 1970s drugs were slowly becoming a treatment option for spasticity, two such drugs were baclofen and diazepam. Baclofen is a GABA agonist which means it inhibits calcium uptake causing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters (Nuttin et al,. 1999). Diazepam is an agonist of the GABAA receptor which causes the opening of a channel and allows a chloride influx (Cartlidge et al,. 1974). Due to the differences between baclofen and diazepam there was a study done to compare the two drugs. It was noted that diazepam may be more effective than baclofen but it produced side effects (Cartlidge, Hudgson...
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