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Cerebral Palsy

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Cerebral palsy is impaired muscle caused by brain damage usually before, birth or after birth. Cerebral palsy affects young children the most. The injury occurs within the brain development that occurs through utero or soon after birth. The cerebral palsy affects the motor neuron and sensory neurons. Cerebral palsy has no cure for the damage that has been done to the brain. Cerebral palsy was considered a movement disorder associated with white matter injury. White matter is the brain and spinal cord which contains myelin sheath. Cerebral palsy affects the neurons, such as the grey matter which has the abnormalities in the cortex and subcortical structures which contribute to developmental delay (Balakrishnan, B., Nance, E., Johnston, M. V., …show more content…
They play a pivotal role in central nervous injury and repair (CNS). Microglia are a type of cell that are the local macrophage-like cells of the brain and spinal cord critical for remodeling the brain (Balakrishnan, et al, 2013). The brain is what helps us move the muscles or tells the muscles to do a specific movement. While the fetus is still developing the microglia is present alongside the white matter tract to perform myelin genesis and axon genesis (Balakrishnan, et al. 2013). Activated, the microglia can either protect or be detrimental as they play an important role in the CNS injury. However, microglia response may depend on the type of infection or inflammation that has occurred. The proinflammatory cells can result in an exaggerated condition, which can be an ongoing inflammatory response that persist long after the injury. This can contribute to free radicals, excitotoxic metabolites, and proinflammatory cytokines, which are seen in the diffuse of grey matter in CP (Balakrishnan, et al, 2013). The microglia cells and astrocytes in the fetal and newborn can secrete cytokines, which will further cause injury to developing oligodendrocyte and neuronal progenitors (Balakrishnan, et al, 2013). Some of the symptoms that are seen during CP in early childhood are exaggerated reflexes, floppy or rigid limbs, and involuntary …show more content…
However, some children at birth can be diagnosed with cerebral palsy. On the other hand, it usually takes over two years to know if you cerebral palsy. The physicians sometimes can diagnosis a child as early as 18 months with cerebral palsy. Usually happens as early as 18 months because, major of children will already know how to walk, talk, and set up. If parents are able to notice something wrong, the children will miss milestones steps that happen in the child’s life such as walking, talking, and putting words together to form sentences. The diagnosis can exist with the milestone steps, with how quick the child reflexes react, if the child can focus on the caregiver and hearing their voice, and posture in movement

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