...University of Phoenix Material Introduction to Psychology Worksheet Complete each part with 100- to 200-word responses. Your responses must total 500 to 800-words for the entire worksheet. Part I: Origins of Psychology Within psychology, several perspectives are used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. Describe three major psychological perspectives and name at least one leading theorist for each. Three major psychological perspectives are behavioral, sociocultural, and cognitive. The behavioral perspective views behavior as the result of environment experience. Environmental experience is basically all of a person’s life experiences that they have been subjected to in the past, and also the new experiences that will take part in their behavior. The behavioral perspective gained great momentum in the 20th century because it was a powerful tool in training, education, and industry. Critics claimed that behaviorism was dehumanizing. (John B. Watson, http://www.ccis.edu/, 5/17/13) and others conducted a thorough explication of Classical Conditioning and B. F. Skinner, responding somewhat to the critics of behaviorisms dehumanization, explained and expertly defended the processes of Operant Conditioning. Basically based off of a person’s environment will depict the way that they may behave. The cognitive perspective focuses mainly on the cognitive processes that are involved in learning, also on how a person’s brain works. It’s a form of psychology that...
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...The topic that will be discussed in this paper is fetal alcohol syndrome. This topic was chosen because I work closely with parents that expose their children to substance abuse before birth. Alcohol is one of those substances unfortunately that parents are exposing their children too. This is a major phenomenon in today’s society and is a relevant issue for many social workers. As a social worker I can use the science behind fetal alcohol syndrome to educate and inform my clients to make better decisions. This education can allow my client’s to live healthy life styles and became aware of their decisions. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is defined as a medical diagnosis in an infant or child whose prenatal growth is not up to par. The child may be under weight or length in the tenth percentile. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be rage on different severity levels and is defined on the amount of alcohol the mother consumes during prenatal care (Froschl,Bruner-Ziegler, Wirl 2013).The central nervous system and neurological system usually experience abnormalities in development. Behavioral dysfunction, intellectual impairment, and facial abnormalities are also signs for Fetal Alcohol syndrome (Pancratz, 1993). Due to the intellectual impairment the average IQ score of some one...
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...Chapter 14 - The Brain and Cranial Nerves Choose the single best answer to each question. 1) The brain A) is the center of both motor and sensory processing. B) is the center of emotion, intellect, memory and behavior. C) is composed of trillions of neurons and thousands of neuroglia. D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct. 2) Which part of the embryonic brain ultimately becomes the cerebrum and lateral ventricles? A) telencephalon B) mesencephalon C) diencephalon D) rhombencephlon E) metencephalon 3) Each of the following is considered a major part of the brain EXCEPT the: A) brain stem B) cerebellum C) cerebrum D) diencephalon E) hypothalamus 4) How do the cranial meninges differ from the spinal meninges? A) The cranial meninges have one layer instead of two. B) There no epidural space between the dura and the bones of the skull. C) The cranial meninges do not enclose vascular sinuses, but the spinal meninges do. D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct. 5) Which blood vessels supply the brain with blood? A) vertebral arteries B) internal carotid arteries C) external carotid arteries D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct. 6) Which is true of the adult brain? A) It uses about 2% of the body’s O2 at rest. B) It is dependent on fatty acid metabolism for energy. C) Its functions are impaired by even transient interruptions of blood flow. D) It represents about 20% of the body’s mass. E)...
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...psychologists, cognitive neuroscientist, cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and general research psychologists. Research performed by different psychology professionals on the brain offers a venue for gaining further understanding of certain conditions such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer's. This paper concludes by discussing personal reasons for wanting to research memory and the opposing factor of forgetfulness. Part 1: Psychological Interest in the Human Brain Different specialties within the field of psychology are interested in various divisions of the human brain due to its elaborate and multifaceted relationship between behavior and the brain. The first part of this paper will be looking at the divisions of the brain which appeal to research and cognitive psychologists. The second part of the paper will be looking at the division of the brain which this counselor is interested in researching further and the thought process for choosing said particular division. Scientific Interest in the Brain The brain or encephalon can be divided in to a varying number of divisions based on who a person may speak with. The basic divisions of the encephalon, as noted by Breedlove, Watson, and Rosenzweig (2013) include the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The forebrain can be further broken down in to the telencephalon (cerebrum) and the diencephalon. The midbrain is classified as the...
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...of thought-process in brain research and analyze their real underlying suspicions. This paper also will help distinguish the essential biotic establishments of brain research interfaced to conduct. As per our perusing in brain research is the experimental examination of mental methods and their corresponding conduct. Mental methods will incorporate how an individual considers, feels, and recollects things, also it will examine how an individual's overall conduct is. At the point when a specialist needs to understand and comprehend an individual, they have to also know the individual's over psychological standing, mental experience, and social setting. What individuals experience throughout their life from conception to adulthood is the main thing that actually shapes how they feel/respond and think. Therapists from the earlier days also made a few methodologies and schools of considerations of brain science(psychology). They thought of these ideas via research and study which will be examined more throughout this paper. Biopsychology point of view, Is simply put a school of thought in psychology. Biopsychology is the field that mainly inspects the physical premise of mental phenomena, for example, inspiration, feeling, and even anxiety; additionally this is also called behavioral neuroscience, (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). At the end of the day, Biopsychology is really just a structure or limb of brain science that dissects into how the cerebrum and neurotransmitters impact...
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...Phineas Gage and the Cognitive Function The introduction of this paper includes Phineas Gage and the position of cognitive brain functions. The narrative of Phineas Gage can be and will be examined and the clarification of cognitive functioning in regard to his condition is vital and is part the main topic of this paper. The cognitive brain functions are examined in this paper as well. Cognitive function is when a person uses his or her mental processes to educate, find purpose, find solutions, find choices, and comprehend to then understand. When you can bring your attention to remembering events you’re more likely to focus. In lacking cognitive processing we, as humans would not be able to properly function. We use these daily processes to tackle life events, work, home, and all other task that tie into cognitive process but we must first scrutinize what the brain is made of, its structures, and the ability to see the brain create a variety of cognitions. The brain has created a set of structures named the limbic system. The structure is made up of the cerebrum, hippocampus, diencephalon, midbrain, anterior thalamic nuclei, amygdalae, septum, limbic cortex, and the fornix. This structure or system assists in the functions of behavior, inspiration, and memory. The brain’s cognitive function is tied to four lobes of the brain, which are very vital. The cognitive processing remains in the cortex of the brain. In order to understand the correlation of the brain and its functionality...
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...invulnerable reaction against Aβ (an endogenous protein) would require breaking the self-resistance. What's more, it was not by any means obvious that it would be conceivable or even successful to evoke and insusceptible reaction against a neuroprotein, for example, Aβ. Two essential contemplations moderated the passage into the field of immunization of a neuronal protein: (1) Antibody transport from the blood to the cerebrum was known to be restricted; and (2) The mind has for quite some time been viewed as an invulnerable ensured organ in the body. The boundary between the blood and the cerebrum is known as the blood-mind obstruction (BBB) and keeps the section of most proteins and little particles from entering the cerebrum giving an ensured situation to the neurons. Just proteins with particular receptors on the BBB are known to effectively transport to the neuronal side, and neutralizer receptors are not known to be communicated on the BBB so critical transport of antibodies couldn't be thought to be a given recommendation (Hussain et al., 1999). Second, the cerebrum had for quite some time been viewed as a "safe ensured" organ decisively for the way that couple of antibodies and resistant modulatory cells travel over the BBB. It was not realized that a neutralizer reaction could be mounted to a neuronal protein or in the event that one could, what impact it would have. On account of these realities, it was a shock in 1999 when Schenk et al. demonstrated that inoculation of the...
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...I. OBJECTIVES The University of Pangasinan, College of Nursing aims to produce nurses who are competent in the care of people in participation with other care providers in the prevention of disease, promotion and maintenance of health, restoration of well being and alleviation of suffering. With these in mind, we form the following objectives. General objectives: * This case study is designed for student nurses like us to become practiced, well informed and mannered in delivering holistic care for patients diagnosed with tetanus, as well as to gain knowledge and overview about the disease. Specific objectives: * To imply appropriate nursing management for tetanus. * To be able to discuss the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. * To be able to define tetanus and identify its clinical manifestations and risk factors. * To be acquainted with the different drugs for tetanus and their actions. * Plan for a suitable nursing care. * To know the purposes and specific nursing responsibilities before, during, and after some procedure done with the client. * To institute bond between the student nurse and the patient. II. INTRODUCTION Tetanus comes from the Greek word “teiteim” which means to stretch. It is also called lockjaw. It is a serious infectious disease of the nervous system in which toxin causes severe muscle spasm. It is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers...
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...Cognitive Functions and Phineas Gage The discussion of this paper is the role of cognitive brain functions and Phineas Gage. The amazing story of Phineas Gage will be analyzed and the explanation of cognitive functioning in regard to his situation is very interesting and is also a major topic in this paper. Cognitive brain functions will be thoroughly examined in this paper as well. Cognitive functioning is when an individual has the ability to use mental processes to learn, reason, problem solve, make decisions, and comprehend. It also helps in focusing your attention and remembering events. Without cognitive processing humans would not be able to function properly. We use these processes to eat, sleep, work, go to school, plan events, and teach. Our daily functions such as cooking, eating, completing hygiene, cleaning, washing clothes, and other life skills heavily depend on cognitive functioning. What are the cognitive functions of the brain? To answer this question we must first examine what the brain is made of and what structures in the brain create a variety of cognitions. The brain has a set of structures called the limbic system. This system is made up of the cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, hippocampus, amygdalae, anterior thalamic nuclei, septum, limbic cortex, and the fornix. This system helps with the functions of emotion, behavior, motivation, and long term memory. The four lobes of the brain are important for the brain’s cognitive functioning. The four lobes...
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...The Brain and Behavior In this paper I will be discussing the contrasting roles of the temporal and frontal lobes on behavior. What types of behaviors the temporal and frontal lobes are responsible for, and finally what can possibly happen if there is any damage within these lobes. According to the Merriam Webster online dictionary, the brain is an “organ of the body in the head that controls functions, movements, sensations, and thoughts.” (Merriam Webster, n.d.) The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain; and is divided into two hemispheres and four different lobes. Each lobe controls many major functions, behaviors, emotions, and feelings that we need and use in our everyday lives. Lobes and What They Control There are four different sections in the brain called lobes, these lobes are called, the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and finally, the temporal lobe. Each of these lobes has different functions that contribute to the many different behaviors of people. The frontal lobe, also called the cerebral cortex is located at the front of the brain right behind the forehead. This lobe is associated with reasoning, higher level cognitive, motor skills, and expressive language. According to K. L. Hartwig, the frontal lobes of the brain “are the seat of emotions and judgments related to sympathy, which is the ability to feel sorrow for someone else's suffering, and empathy, which the ability to understand another's feelings and problems.”...
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...Running head: WHAT THE BRAIN IS ABLE TO DO? Brain Concentration Brittany Mangum Chemistry 2nd period 9-30-12 Abstract It's important to understand the complexity of the human brain. The human brain weighs only three pounds but is estimated to have about 100 billion cells. The brain is divided in half, a right and left hemisphere. The right hemisphere deals more with visual activities and plays a role in putting things together. The left hemisphere tends to be the more analytical part; it analyzes information collected by the right. Within my research paper I will be discussing the ability to concentrate and what part of the brain you use to concentrate. Brain Concentration 1. How does the brain allow us to concentrate? Researchers at the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have discovered a mechanism that the brain uses to filter out distracting thoughts to focus on a single bit of information. Their results are reported in 19 November issue of Nature. ScienceDaily (Nov. 23, 2009) Colgin and her colleagues measured brain waves in rats, in three different parts of the hippocampus, which is a key memory center in the brain. 2. What are some factors known to affect concentration? Not getting enough rest is the biggest factor affecting concentration; if you aren’t well rested your mind will be confused. Avoid this by making sure you get the...
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...Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Table of Contents Table of contents…………………………………………………………… | 2 | Introduction………………………………………………………………… | 3 | Definition of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)…………………………….. | 3 | Characteristics of FAS……………………………………………………… | 4 | Affect of FAS on babies……………………………………………………. | 5 | Affect of alcohol on the brain……………………………………………… | 6 | The role the South African context has played in FAS…………………….| 7 | Conclusion………………………………………………………………….. | 8 | REFERENCES | 9 | Appendix A…………………………………………………………………. | 11 | Appendix B…………………………………………………………………. | 12 | Appendix C…………………………………………………………………. | 13 | | | Introduction South Africa has the highest rate of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome in the world! The draft South African liquor bill released on Monday 6th February 2012 will prohibit the sale of alcohol to pregnant women if it is passed. It is the first time that the South African government has proposed legislation to assist controlling the alcohol intake of women. (“Liquor Surprise for Pregnant Women,” 2012) But is this enough to meaningfully diminish the consumption of alcohol by pregnant women in South Africa? Within this context the following questions will be addressed: What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How is FAS characterised? How is a baby affected by Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How does alcohol affect the brain? What kind of role has the South African...
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...USED IN ANIMAL TESTING? Thesis statement: This paper discusses research on how animal testing brings more medical advancement and less human-based experiments and sees if there are any alternatives to the use of animals in research since it is a practice of animal cruelty. Introduction Animal Testing refers to strategies done on living creatures for reasons of exploration into fundamental science and ailments, surveying the adequacy of new drugs, and examining the human health. The processes involved in this testing, even those that are seen to have no significant effect, still cause the animals bodily as well as mental pain and suffering. Often these processes cause a great deal of distress. Some animals are re-used in the succeeding experiments while others are killed at the end of the experiment. Approximately 115 million animals are estimated to be used every year in the world for laboratory experiments (Dawkins, 2012). However, only a few countries assemble and publish the data about the use of animal in testing and research. For instance, about 90 percent of the animals are used in laboratories in the United States. This statistics excludes species, for example, mice and birds, fish, reptiles and invertebrates, thus these figures presented by the U.S, Department of Agriculture is considerably underestimated. Countries in Europe such as France, United Kingdom, and Germany are among those using animals highly in their research with over 12million animals used every year (Kadambi...
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...Schizophrenia Disrupts Brain Development Monica Jones Behavioral Science and Research Method Southern University and A&M College Lionel Jolla, MSW, LMSW – Professor November 18, 2015 Abstract I embarked on this project because I am interested in how schizophrenia affects the brain and what researchers have discovered as far as medicine for this condition. I am looking for a phenomenon that explains why this disorder is destroying brain volume and how this process can be stopped. Schizophrenia is a baffling disorder that reduces brain volume. When and how does schizophrenia begin is one of my concerns. It is hard to figure out when, why and how schizophrenia begins because it can occur as early as the neonate stage of life and as late as the geriatric stage in life. When schizophrenia starts to decrease brain volume, is the brain fully developed is another one of my concerns. Brain volume decreases in schizophrenia patients naturally, but the antipsychotic medication is a contributing factor also. The antipsychotic medication has been known to have adverse side effects on the brain volume. Have researchers found a medication that has a less severe effect on schizophrenia patient’s brain volume, is another question I am interested in finding the answer too. Schizophrenia is an unexplainable disorder that offers no specific answer to how it occurs. In this study I am hoping to find that specific answer to this brain crippling disorder. MRI scans have been the...
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...ANALYSIS PAPER: In the previous ten years, the thought that talking about a culture definitely recommends an over the top level of boundedness, evenness, clearness, and soundness has picked up long/big backing, and some cultural/social (people who study people) have even called for giving up the idea. It is said/argued here, not prevented by/not part of the issue, that the unwelcome essences are not built-in in the idea yet connected with specific uses that have been less (put into a hospital)/(made a behavior acceptable) than these experts accept. The foundation of the messy confusion is the taking (or setting aside) of intelligent schedules crosswise over people: while these schedules are never perfectly/completely communicated, they are not randomly circulated. In the same way/in that way, "culture" should be held as a helpful term for selecting/naming the bunches of regular ideas, feelings, and practices that come out when people communicate regularly (all the time). Besides, outside human sciences and the educated community the statement is picking up very widespread and well-known nature and (more and more) seen in a harshly (related to human history) manner. Holding the idea while lighting/educational that culture is not imitated un-problematically, has its cutoff points in the amazing/surprising (or: single) and the widespread, and is not sounding the same as/equal to (family and cultural characteristics) and personality will safeguard the shared opinion the idea has...
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