...post war Australia, there existed two types of world, the majority and the indigenous minority. In the period following the Second World War, majority of Australians lived in a place where laws ensured order, having enough resources to have a sustainable standard of living. If they didn’t possess or had access to resources, the government benefits and services helped them. The other world was occupied by indigenous Australians whose ancestors had lived in Australia for more than 40 000 years. By the 1950s they lost their land and way of living, living on the edge of town rubbish dumps and sometimes earning money as fruit pickers. State laws didn’t give them any benefits, told where they were allowed to live, stole their children and also had control over who could they marry. Contact between the inhabitants of these worlds was little, the non-indigenous didn’t care or know about the sufferings of the minority. However, in the late 1950s, aboriginal disadvantages became aware in the eyes of some of the majority and what they could do to address it. They recognised the potential to form a grassroots reform movement to bring the rights and protection of Australian citizenship to the dispossessed aboriginal population. From the late 1950s, aboriginal and non-aboriginal activist came together to campaign for equal rights for indigenous Australians and to bring about the dismantle of laws which deprived the indigenous Australians of civil rights. The Australian civil rights movement...
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...of the many events that further inspired Indigenous Australian activists and protesters to replicate events of their fellow activists in the U.S in Australia to bring equality to Indigenous Australian. . A major example of this are the Freedom Rides that took place in the segregated Southern States of the U.S that later took place in the rural state of NSW led by Charles Perkin and fellow student Jim Spiglem. He had led many peaceful protests around Australia for a push for recognition and equality for Indigenous Australians. Role of the media was a major one throughout the push for indigenous equality as well as for African Americans especially as the media gave large exposure of the injustices against the African-Americans and the Aborigines. This brought a big opportunity for the Indigenous Australians to surge in their cause for land rights and recognition of their ownership of the land. The freedom rides of the U.S were a enormous factor in bringing a push for activism, equality, recognition and peaceful protest for Indigenous Australians. This thesis will be further backed through the body paragraphs about the 1961 US Freedom Rides, the influence on Australian freedom rides and other peaceful protests and the influence on Aboriginal activism and Recognition. On May 4, 1961, a group of 13 African-American and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. Led by...
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...nobleness, excellence. Latin dignitāt-em merit, worth" Oxford English Dictionary The focus of UNCC100 is on the theme of the common good: how we think about what is needed in order for all people to flourish in society. UNCC300 shifts this focus from the social to the individual, although of course, we can never think about the individual without reference to the broader context of society. In this unit, we are going to consider what it means to be a human being, and more particularly, how we can understand the notion of human worth, or value. This is what we are referring to when we talk about human dignity. Activity 1 Complete some research on Rosa Parks . 1. Who was she? 2. What impact did Rosa Parks have on the US Civil Rights movement? 3. What impact do you think Rosa Parks has had on our understanding of human dignity today? 4. There have been numerous songs written about Rosa Parks. The Neville Brothers recorded “Sister Rosa” in 1989. Click the link to hear the song and follow the lyrics. http://pancocojams.blogspot.com.au/2012/01/two-songs-about-rosa-parks-lyrics.html Human dignity is probably a very familiar expression, because the concept is part of many conversations taking place in the contemporary world. At the same time, once we begin to think about it, we find that the basis of human dignity can be understood in a number of different ways. As David McCabe points out: Most discussions of important moral and political issues, along with our everyday...
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...cultural movement began in 1960s in the wake of Vietnam war. The young people were frustrated due to racism, gender issues, consumerism, and the conservative nature of society in general. They were looking for a change and found it in the emerging counter cultural movements of 1960s. The youngsters began to question the traditional values and culture of the Orthodox American society. They welcomed sex, drugs and pop music. The counter culture movement reached its heights in 1969, when the young people attended the Woodstock Music and Art Festival at Newyork. The festival became a symbol of anti-war movement. The festival was a mixture of hippie, pop and drug culture. One of the notable feature of the counter culture movement was the sexual freedom and rise of feminism. There was a steep rise in abortions, orphans and divorce. Political activism on the part of women resulted in the formation of National organization for Women (NOW). Other than women, homosexuals were also raised their voice for equality which was later included the Civil Rights issue. Stone Wall Inn riots in 1969 and the establishment of Gay Liberation Front were important steps in their struggle for civil rights. The counter cultural sentiments were also expressed in movies and arts. The movement did not limit in North America alone, but spread to Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand. An international rock and roll group from Britain known as the Beatles was widely popular. The counter culture movement had merits...
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...to be counted in the national census and the Commonwealth’s right to legislate for Aboriginal Peoples. This was an overwhelming vote with over 90% of Australians voting in the ‘yes’ campaign. The Referendum was an important change for Aboriginals because they would be then accepted as people in their own country, they would then have special laws to protect them from being discriminated, there would be funding towards Aboriginal communities and the Australian community as a whole and they needed the scars to heal from the past. For many decades Aboriginal organisations worked diligently to remove discriminatory references towards Aboriginal peoples. They campaigned all over the country for a constitutional referendum to be held. Finally in 1967 an Australian referendum was held. The referendum did not allow Aboriginal people to vote as this right was already given in 1962. The referendum was not about citizenship nor equal rights. There were several factors that impacted the final outcome of the 1967 Referendum these included: growing families that had accessed to media therefor they were more aware of the arising issue, both political parties approved of the 1967 Referendum, a huge non-Aboriginal community supported the ‘yes’ campaign and lastly because the referendum was held in the sixties this allowed an effective outcome because this was the decade of change. The historical events that impacted the movement for a referendum included the First World War. A number of Aboriginal...
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...Human Rights Commission of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Official Complaint of the Government of Algoria Alleging Violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by Australia 31 December 2008 By Keely Boom LLB B Com GDLP PhD Candidate, University of Wollongong Legal Officer, Australian Climate Justice Program CONTENTS Contents I. Summary of Complaint 3 II. Complainant 3 III. Defendant 3 IV. Basis of Complaint 4 V. Jurisdiction 4 VI. Exhaustion of all available domestic remedies 7 VII. Facts submitted by the Government of Algoria 8 VIII. Alleged Violations of the ICCPR by Australia 12 A. The Right of Self-Determination 13 B. The Right to Life 14 C. The Right to Liberty of Movement and Freedom to Choose One’s Residence 15 D. Freedom from Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy and Family 16 E. The Right to Culture 17 IX. Causation 17 X. Remedies sought 20 Explanatory Note 22 Summary of Complaint 1. The State of Algoria complains that Australia is failing to fulfil its existing obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[1] (“ICCPR”) due to its historical and continuing contribution to anthropogenic climate change and its associated impacts upon the human rights and fundamental freedoms recognised in ICCPR as held by the citizens of the State of Algoria. 2. The State of Algoria makes this Complaint in accordance with interstate...
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...The European invasion of Australia in 1770 was the beginning of a series of events and imposed policies that would change the way of life for Aboriginal people forever. When settlers first arrived on the shores of what is now called Botany Bay, they failed to see a people of rich culture, with an intricate kinship system and highly developed system of customary law. Instead they set out to degrade Aboriginal cultures and deny the existence of custodial ownership of the land (Newbury, 1999, p. 25). Over the next two hundred years, the government would introduce a number of policies that would continue this destructive ideal and aim to control Indigenous people, including their culture, beliefs and movements across the country. Although these policies had a major effect on Indigenous people there are many stories of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people resisting the European invasion. Captain James Cook landed on the east coast of Australia, specifically in Botany Bay, home of the Eora people and claimed possession under the doctrine of ‘terra nullius’. British law at the time stated that Britain could only take possession of another country if it was not inhabited or through negotiation or war. The British ignored these laws, invading and settling on Aboriginal land (NSW Education and Communities, 2013, para. 1). British settlers went about removing trees, reducing availability of food and other resources, brought in livestock which contaminated the waterways and...
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...shackles of traditional domestic roles. Women have shattered glass ceilings, seamlessly juggling roles as mothers and celebrities. But how did this profound change come to fruition, you may wonder? The tireless efforts of the women's suffrage movement and the indomitable spirit of fearless women are the architects of this new reality. The women's suffrage movement was not merely a political stance, but a much needed call for the recognition of women's rights, advocating for their equal participation in society....
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...Name: Le Thai Hien Giang Student ID: 3372817 Tutor: Mr. Peter Hayes Topic: Using examples from two countries write a business report on how globalisation is changing relationships between government, business and civil society? Discuss with specific reference to the topic of power. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report is commissioned to examine the relationship between government, business and civil society under the impact of globalization. Taking education industries in Australia and Vietnam as examples, the positive and negative impacts are clarified which in turn show the change in power battle. Some definitions firstly are introduced to state that globalization is connecting economies, societies, polities and cultures together and it affects in all aspects. Thanks to it, education has changed vigorously compared to the past, diversified itself to many forms and expanded across border. Basing on the strongly development of globalization, plus the impact of cutting fund from government, many Australia universities view transnational education as a possible solution. Number of offshore campuses grow dramatically in South Asian. The examples show that, offshore campuses bring huge amount of revenue to Australian transnational education providers as well as strengthen Australian economy through tax. In addition, it helps many universities save money thanks to low cost operation in developing countries. Finally, through education, society takes advantage of globalization through...
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...people need to realise that “Human rights” is the most powerful source in our life. There are many types of human rights that our government put forth and came up with. Human Rights are one of the best things that could have happened in our human society. Not all people appreciate the human rights in our society which give us the freedom to do or say and not be endangered by corrupt governments’ torture, assault and many more. Our Australian government is great and has smart leaders that lead our nation and society, but without them making, enforcing and protecting our human rights we live with today, we would be living a lifestyle with problems and with governments that don’t believe in human rights; which different continents around the world are undergoing at the moment. The United Nations a group of 50 Nations are trying their hardest to make our whole world free and for people to have the right to live in a secure and independent lifestyle. There are different types of Human Rights in our nation, civil, political and social and economic rights these are some of the rights that our government came up with. Political rights are where a person may vote and have there say in what government they want to have, civil rights and common daily rights such as workplace safety, suing people, compensation and many more. These are some of the different types of rights that we have the freedom of having in our nation. The Universal declaration of human rights was founded a group in 1948 after...
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...America has had a very large and significant history. Much of their history has had a ripple effect on Australia and Australia’s history. My knowledge of American history may not always be gathered from the most historically accurate information or the most reliable sources. I have learnt a significant amount about the great depression, civil rights movement, Wars involving America, terrorism and other important events in American history. Up until the end of the 1920’s America was a country of success and great hope. The standard of living was high for the people who were wealthy and white, racism seemed to be a massive problem in America prior to this time and many decades following. While racism towards black people was an issue, it appears the sexist views towards...
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...'That the Australian Government legalise gay marriage in all states of Australia.' Which couple do you think is happier? Which couple do you think has the right to the security of marriage? Today I want to explain the very prevalent issue of gay marriage and what it means to gay couples, couples like the one in the photo. So what is gay marriage? What is the issue that people have been so strongly for and against? In Australian it is the federal legislation of same sex marriage. Through the alteration of the marriage act to include the marriage of same sex couples. In doing so affording the same rights to gay couples as straight couples. The main grounds people provide to why we shouldn’t allow gay marriage is that marriage is a community and religious value that only a man and a woman have the right to. In our society we also believe in the power of racial, social and religious equality so why do we continue to discriminate against gays and they’re right to marriage. I agree with the people that say marriage is a community value, Marriage holds together society and is at the core of the Australian family, but were I disagree is on the point that it should only be between a man and a woman. Why should such a valued and cherished thing like marriage be deprived to people simply because of there sexuality? The answer to that is it shouldn’t be, it shouldn’t be because the love between a woman and a man and two men or women is the same, because love is unconditional and...
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...Name Institution Course Tutor Date HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Introduction The current America we know today is not comparable to the America which existed after the civil war. Great things such as urbanization, equal rights for citizens and the two major wars have made us understand the current United States. Since the time United States ended slavery, a lot of great things have happened. Some of the major ones being the period of reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement, the great depression and the World wars I and II. The aim of this paper is to compare the views of America a Narrative History 9th edition by George Brown Tindall and those of America Compared 2nd edition by Carl J. Guarneri. According to the two authors the history of United States since 1965 somehow differs. According to (Tindall, George Brown, and David, 196), the period of reconstruction, lasting from 1865 to 1876 was a period when the nation tried to restructure itself and incorporate the southern states which became part of the union. The freed men from the South had found themselves with no system to control them in their lives. So they had to look for a way to incorporate them in a still society that was biased against them. The reconstruction dealt with the transformation of southern states. During this period, a little social or political agreement was available on issues such as who was supposed to vote and how the southern states were going to rebuild themselves after the destruction...
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...traditional security interests while settling disputes through non-violent channels (Dosch 2007, p. 211), regional membership in this pluralistic community does not necessarily negate internal conflict of individual members. In fact, at least two low-level ongoing disputes—the Karen-led insurgency in Myanmar and the effective collapse of civil order in Papua New Guinea—have the potential to spill over into neighboring territories and therefore require the intervention of regional or global peacekeepers. This essay contends that despite the absence from contemporary media and perceived lack of attention by the Australian Government, these two countries are in a state of fundamental turmoil and could be considered as those most likely to require external intervention in the next 10 years. Although Myanmar has been a member of ASEAN in relatively favorable standing since 1997, the junta’s efforts to enforce its rule on the multiethnic population remain controversial both among the ASEAN membership (Than 2005, p. 20) and the wider international community. Several of the nation’s ethnic minorities have sponsored long-term secessionist movements; one of the strongest, that of the Karen culture, has proved to be extremely persistent over the last six decades (Hironaka 2005, p. 78). While the Karen are currently not the military threat to the junta they were before the 1995 fall of Manerplaw (Fong 2008, p. 169), it is not difficult to imagine a scenario in which increasingly systematic...
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...Human Rights 1. The nature and Development of human rights The definition of human rights * Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) sets out the fundamental purpose for recognizing human rights * In the general sense, human rights refer to basic rights and freedoms that are believed to belong to all human beings * As stated in the UDHR, these rights differ from ordinary rights under domestic law as they are considered to be universal, inalienable (cannot be taken away) and inherent to all people. Developing recognition of human rights * The abolition of slavery * The campaign for universal suffrage * The trade union movement and labour rights * The right of a group to self-determination * Emerging environmental rights * The attempt to establish a right to peace The abolition of slavery * Slavery is a type of forced labour where a person is considered to be the legal property of another * Slavery was practiced legally until the 20th century * Common forms of slavery involved: debt slavery (forced to pay off a loan with labour), slavery as punishment for crime, prisoners of war committed to slavery * Moves to abolish slavery and slave trading began in the 12th century, e.g. Iceland abolished slavery in 1117 * During the 17th – 19th century, the transatlantic slave trade (the trading of African people by Europeans, transporting them as slaves from Africa to the colonies of the New World) was in action as Europeans...
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